In society

Kamikaze

June 12, 2012 Valery Zavorotny

There is a legend that the Scythians taught their children three things - to ride a horse, shoot from a bow, and ... tell the truth. The first two skills mastered almost everything. The third was given to units ...

Exactly twenty years ago, one of the June days of 1992, a low, full man entered the office of Boris Yeltsin. The name of the entered Yegor Gaidar, and the position that he had just received was called "Acting Chairman of the Government." It was not like most of those who crossed this threshold - both in recent times and in previous decades. He did not resemble the "iron people's commissars" of the thirties with their semi -native jackets, nor to the impressive nomenclature of the sixties, replacing Frenchi to the overall cloaks, nor to the majority of the "elite" surrounding Yeltsin himself.

The former cohort of the apparatchiks was a thing of the past. The time has come for "junior researchers." This is how high -loving men who did not bring nothing to their dissertations to the altar of the Fatherland will be called Haydar himself.

On that day, Gaidar stood before the first president of Russia, offering him to make an appeal and tell about the situation in the country. That is, simply to tell the truth: the economy breathes on the incense, empty in the treasury, all savings were spent on the great construction of communism, on the import of grain and on the mountains of weapons. There are no difficult times ahead, there will be no simple solutions, you will have to get out for a long time and painfully.

Yeltsin did not dare. Perhaps the regional past affected: “Excessive people. The people will not understand. "

The people realized that the "shit" stole all the money ...

Reforms have never been an easy thing anywhere, and people who began reforms never became an object of love. In the end of the eighties, the Polish prime minister Leshki Balcerovich called his cabinet "Kamikadze Government." Now a similar role in Russia was to play Gaidar.

One of those who divided this burden with him was a man whose name will soon begin to scare children. The same Chubais, who invented the voucher (although he was not invented by him), and the one who, as you know, stole everything from everyone, stuffing his own pockets. Although hundreds of valiant “fighters with Chubais” spent hundreds of hours and rummaged through hundreds of documents in order to expose the villain. The results of the searches are not too impressive ... but still stole. This is clear to the fool. (Fool - especially.)

Dozens of newly -minted politicians gained fame, branding of the villain. About one of these - a gentleman by the name of Rogozin - Tatyana Tolstaya said that he "drove into a policy on Chubais, like a flea on a dog." The image is accurate.

To argue about the reformers, about the correctness of the path chosen then, the meaning of the reforms begun will be more than a dozen years. There are enough critics with excess. At the same time, many of them know well that the culprits of the crisis of the 1990s were by no means Gaidar, not Yeltsin and not terrible “guilty” Chubais. And, by the way, not even Gorbachev, with all his attempts to “rebuild” that no “perestroika” succumbed. The collapse of the system began long before the arrival of Yeltsin and Gaidar. The system, which has not managed to become competent for decades for decades, and simply not able to elementarily feed the people, was doomed long before Gorbachev’s “perestroika”.

The above does not mean at all that there is no guilt behind the reformers. There were more than enough errors and failures. And not everyone was caused by objective factors, there were enough subjective ones.

Was it possible to do otherwise? Probably you can. Only now, burning with a desire to get down to business, and not to grumble from the side there was not too much.

I have no intention to analyze all the vicissitudes of reforms, this is a task for more competent authors. But maybe one of the main mistakes was that an extensive and holistic system of adaptation of the population to life in the new conditions was not created. No effort was applied enough so that, as Ludwig Erhard said, starting similar work in Germany, "to reach everyone." For the results of any reforms are largely determined by how they will understand not only to people who conduct them, but also to everyone who is customary to call the “people” (and now the “electorate”). For this, perhaps, it was done very little. As a result, there was a situation when the reforms went on their own, and the people lived (or rather, survived) on their own. With all the ensuing consequences.

However, in order to create and establish a similar system of adaptation, it would be necessary a person who could break through and defend it with all his might. Relatively speaking, a certain “second Gaidar”. Which would probably often conflict with the first. Although this, I think, would benefit both.

But where to get so many Gaidars? People of this variety are a piece product.

However, anyone who would take up such a job would be forced to move about the same way. And it would be doomed to cause the same reaction of rejection, misunderstanding and even hatred. To believe that freedom, proposed by the country, who has not known freedom for centuries, will be accepted with a bang and will instantly give birth to some new fair society-a naive illusion. It is enough to imagine the picture: a huge camp (albeit not too cruel, with more or less tolerable huts, with a more or less regular balance for everyone). At some point, God the news comes from where freedom comes. The security towers fall, the vertukhas scatter, the prickly wire disappears.

Bondage ends. But with her, guaranteed Balanda ends with her ...

Who is the first to be better than orientate in the new conditions? Thousands of people to whom unexpected freedom was granted? Alas! The first to master the new life stronger and more arrogant, who managed to break through to the warehouses faster and grab more.

This element is called to tame those who destroyed the towers. But this is only in theory. In practice, the plot always and everywhere will develop about one scenario. Moreover, there will be no unity system among those who have taken to change. And there there are a lot of people who want to warm their hands, few will be able to resist the temptation. Power inevitably changes anyone involved in it.

As far as Yegor Gaidar changed, the “corridors of the authorities” have not begun to judge. But at least he, unlike many, was able to understand and evaluate such a danger. At one of the meetings where I had a chance to attend, Gaidar, answering the question of whether he changed over the years of his stay in the White House, replied: “Of course.” And, smiling, he said an entertaining episode.

In December 1992, removed from his post, he left the office, went into the open doors of the elevator and began to wait until he went down to the first floor ... The elevator did not move.

“I thought about a minute what was the matter,” Gaidar said. - I have not yet understood that I had not pressed the button. Previously, she was always pressed by the guard. ” Then he grinned once again, noting: "Here on this little things I then felt how the position affects a person."

I'm afraid to many more who consider themselves indispensable and infallible today, you will have to stand at such an elevator. But how many will then remember this with a smile? ..

The reforms launched by Yegor Gaidar left a heavy mark in memory. But all the moaning of the "dashing nineties", which are adapted today by the "leaders", who made a good career at this very time, is nothing more than cunning. Like all curses to people who began the transformations of the nineties.

This is not about making saints from them. And not about pity for those who took up the reforms. They knew what they were going to. But as for the exposure and judges, the current “elite”, who received (thanks to, incidentally, cursed by the reforms), the opportunity to rant from television screens about the fate of Russia, and not to keep in a rag or whisper in the kitchens, too quickly forgot about her past. However, she forgot not only she, but also many who had to play “food sets” at work on work on the lot of “sausage electric trains” at work on the lot of “sausages” at work. The myth of sweet past times is tenacious.

Gaidar began his work in difficult conditions. It would be interesting to look at the current “saviors of Russia” and “its lifts from the knees”, as they would “save and raise” it at the price of oil $ 19 per barrel. Namely, at this price, Gaidar reforms took place.

Therefore, you should not rush in the assessment of those who, acting in essence to the touch, in the most severe time frames, making mistakes and misses, stumbling and falling, with patience and persistence pulled the country out of the swamp in which it was vegetated. Assessments here will be set only by history ...

The memories of the hardships generated by the reforms of Yegor Gaidar do not make it long for a long time, as long as long will they breed to throw arrows and throw stones into it. But there will always be people who are honestly trying to figure out how and in what situation the Kamikadze government had to act.

One of these people, historian and writer Yakov Gordin in 1995, recalling the times when Gaidar was dismissed, and the mass protests of that time, said: “Here is the situation - a person fell ill with cancer in a cured form. Two paths: wait for death, using the last months of a tolerable state, or to start intensive treatment? But the treatment is severe: chemistry, irradiation. Nausea, weakness, hair crawl out ... Someone suffers and recovers. And someone begins to rebel: “What are you doing with me, scum?! I felt quite tolerably before your treatment! Stop experimenting on living people! " The treatment is interrupted. That's what we did in the fall of 1992, when we forced the government to retreat from their program ... rallies against reforms remind me of the cholera riots of the last century, when the unfortunate dark people called to kill - and killed! - Doctors, being sure that, if there were no medicine, there would be no epidemics. So take into account the mentality, but there was no other way if we wanted to survive. And someday Yeltsin and Gaidar will be erected a monument ... "

I don't know how about monuments. I generally have a difficult attitude to monuments. I only know that to understand and evaluate the Gaidar done by Yegor Gaidar. Many more copies will be broken around this figure - historical on any scale. In any case, in terms of the scale of the role that fate chose him.

Everyone will judge his methods and mistakes by their standards. One thing is clear - the mission that fell to his lot was predetermined by history. And he honestly fulfilled this mission, even knowing that neither glory nor love on this path would not be found. But he believed in his innocence, for he understood that the system that he was destined to change could not exist anymore, although longing for it would remain for many more years.

Freedom is not a gift, it is always a test. For some, a warm hut with a daily balance is still a good refuge, and the collapse of this hut is a “greatest disaster”. And someone will try to build a new one.

That's just any barracks inevitably rot over time ...

Photo by RIA Novosti