Translated material
Interest on the castle
The investors are awaiting surprises
Interest on the castle. Banks will receive the right to accept irrevocable deposits from the population, said the head of the Ministry of Finance Anton Siluanov. The corresponding bill prepared by the government is already under consideration by the State Duma. What awaits bank customers - found the New Times
A resident of the Koroleva Moscow Region, 42-year-old Natalya Sozinova, selling an old car at the beginning of last year, decided to open a deposit in a bank for a period of a year. And honestly tried to forget about this money for 12 months - for the sake of interest on the deposit. But six months later, Natalina's mother required an urgent dental operation. Having studied the prices of the capital's clinic, Zhozinova was horrified: the score went on tens of thousands of rubles. I had to withdraw money. At the same time, of course, she lost all interest. But before when it is about the health of a loved one? “It's good that under the contract I could withdraw money ahead of schedule,” says Natalia. “If the contribution was without a review, my mother would be left without teeth” ...
Without a recall today in Russian banking practice, urgent deposits and demand deposits apply. According to them, the client has the right to pick up his funds at the first request. True, if the contribution is urgent, and you withdraw money ahead of time, then you lose their interests. The Ministry of Finance is not satisfied with such a state of affairs and wants to introduce irresponsible deposits into domestic practice, that is, without the right to early remove. This is beneficial to banks: having received a certain amount from the depositor for a certain period, they may not worry that he will request them ahead of time. For banks, this is insurance in case of a crisis, when the population is ready to succumb or is already covered by panic and begins to take money massively.
It is no coincidence that the first attempt to introduce irrevocable deposits to Russian practice was made after a large outflow of money from accounts, which almost led to a banking crisis, occurred in the summer of 2004. But the initiative of bank lobbyists was then met by a powerful squall of criticism: its implementation could lead to distrust from depositors and even more outflow of funds from deposits.
The idea of irrevocable deposits was remembered in the fall of 2008. In that year, at the beginning of September, the volume of bank deposits reached the maximum value in Russia-almost 6 trillion rubles, but due to the crisis that the depositors “ran”. As a result, at the beginning of December, the amount of funds in deposits decreased by almost 10%. But since 2009, the volume of deposits began to grow again, and President Dmitry Medvedev spoke out against irrevocable deposits, calling the citizen's opportunity to prematurely withdraw his savings "by the achievement of our society, our state, our economic system."
However, in recent months, the situation has again changed for the worse. In the first quarter of 2012, Russian banks lost 2% of deposits. Well, a decrease in long -term deposits (from year or more) in three months amounted to 2.4% - almost 170 billion rubles. Apparently, fearing that the lowering trend will grow, the government and returned to the idea of irrevocable deposits. “They stabilize the resource base of Russian banks,” says the Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov.
They reached the ceiling of the banks, of course, they welcome the new initiative of the Ministry of Finance. “It is necessary to make sure that the banks have a part of the money for which they would not be afraid and which is impossible to remove ahead of schedule,” explained
Deputy Chairman of the Board of the SDM Bank Vyacheslav Andryushkin. “The introduction of irrevocable deposits for banks is a long -expected event that reduces the likelihood of a liquidity crisis,” says
Maxim Osadchiy, Head of the Analytical Department of the Bank of Corporate Financing. It recalls that such contributions are normal practice in many developed countries: Germany, Great Britain, France. At the same time, the analyst admits: there the confidence of depositors to banks had developed for centuries. We cannot boast of this, the introduction of irrevocable deposits will most likely be perceived by customers of domestic banks as an attempt on their rights. Only a high percentage of them can stimulate people to open irrevocable deposits, Maxim Osadchiy is sure.
Since irrevocable long-term deposits can be too risky for depositors (due to the possibility of sharp changes in inflation, currency courses, etc.), the rates for them should be noticeably higher than in the urgent deposits, agree
The deputy head of the analytical department of IR Council Olga Belenkaya. The problem, however, notes the analyst that after the crisis, most domestic banks are still in a far from brilliant financial situation: they still hang considerable debts, a significant part of which belongs to the “bad”. Accordingly, there are no real opportunity to increase the interest on the rates of banks.
Due to this
Nikita Ignatenko, an analyst with Investkafa, believes that for irrevocable deposits, the rates will be higher by urgent only by 1–1.5% in annual terms
* * According to the Central Bank, the average annual deposit rate in Russian banks in February 2012 was 9.5%. . To attract new customers, 10-11% per annum of the deposit without the right to review may not be enough, the expert is afraid.
The Chief of Finance Anton Siluanov, the main plus of irrevocable deposits sees the right to choose that their introduction gives customers of banks the right to choose: more than a percentage of a ban on the removal of funds ahead of schedule or a lower percentage with the possibility of terminating the loan agreement at any time.
However, experts surveyed by The New Times fear that after irrevocable deposits are legally approved, the banks will only leave them in the line of their products, depriving customers of choice. Bankers themselves exclude such a development of events, believing that it will be unprofitable for them. “In this case, banks run the risk of losing most of their depositors,” says
Marina Mishuris, Chairman of the Board of Flexbank. After introducing irrevocable deposits into the practice of deposits, the growth of deposits may slow down somewhat, suggests
Head of the Department Absolute Bank Elena Novikova. Now, according to the Absolute Bank, 10-15% of customers are applying for an early return of the deposit. “After the innovations, the share of such customers can grow to 20–25%,” Novikova does not exclude. “Therefore, banks, most likely, will not massively assign the status of irrevocable all their deposits.”
The government’s intention to make deposits with irrevocable criticizes the former financial ombudsman, now
Advisor to the Chairman of the Central Bank Pavel Medvedev: “The panic, with whom the Ministry of Finance decided to fight preventively fight, can provoke just new deposit restrictions.” To prevent this from happening, in the law on irrevocable deposits it is necessary to work out the possibility of a return of funds before the agreed deadline in emergency situations that arose out of the fault of the depositor himself, Medvedev believes.
In this regard, the question arises: whether the financial crisis or, say, the devaluation of the ruble will be in the list of “emergency situations” - the factors are clearly independent of the depositor himself. Pavel Medvedev proposed not to imagine such a fantastic situation: oil prices are suddenly reduced, while the dollar rises sharply by one or two ruble. In the wake of such news, depositors rush to banks to withdraw their money from accounts and change it to dollars. But the banks, guided by the irregular contribution agreement, will be refused this. As a result, citizens will observe from the side of how banks save themselves with the help of the “resource base” received from the population, exchange rubles for dollars, let them into circulation and then return the already impaired funds to customers. “It’s nearby and to protests, before the siege of banks' offices, to hunger strikes and public appeals to the first persons of the country,” the adviser said.
300 banks will remain in Russia
The Ministry of Finance of Russia considers the possibility of increasing capital of domestic banks with a minimum amount of 180 million rubles to 1 billion rubles. The proposal can enter into force since 2015. Today, out of approximately 1 thousand banks working in a country of 1 billion rubles in the country, approximately 300 credit institutions have.