1938. "Crystal night"

80 years ago, on the night of November 10, 1938, in Nazi Germany, the first mass action of violence against Jews took place - a series of pogroms, called "Crystal Night" (or "Night of broken windows", Kristallnacht).

According to the instruction and support of the Nazi authorities in dozens of cities of Germany and Austria, 91 Jews were killed in one night, hundreds were wounded and crippled, about 3,500 were arrested and sent to concentration camps of Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Dachau. On the same night, 267 synagogues, 7,500 trade and commercial enterprises, hundreds of residential buildings of Jews were burned or defeated.

The reason for the pogroms was the murder of the secretary of the German embassy in Paris, Ernst Fom Rata. He was shot by 17-year-old Gershel Grinshpan. According to the main version, Grinshpan avenged the oppression of the Jews in Germany, in particular, for the expulsion of 12 thousand Polish Jews, including his family.

On November 9, it is celebrated as International Day against fascism and anti -Semitism.