The last section of the North-East Chord is built through the Park "Losynaya Island"

On Thursday, during the second reading of the metropolitan budget, the Moscow City Duma rejected the proposal of MGD deputy Sergei Mitrokhin to cancel the financing of the construction of the section of the North-East Horde, which should connect the open and Yaroslavskoye highway through the Losya Island National Park. The construction of the final part of this highway began a month ago. According to the city hall, the track will not affect the territory of the national park, and the project passed all the necessary examinations. Meanwhile, the site allocated under the road unexpectedly ceased to be part of the National Park in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRN), and the Ministry of Nature refuted the existence of approval for construction work. The correspondent of Novaya, together with the deputy of the Moscow City Council, Sergei Mitrokhin and the expert of the Moscow City Society for the Protection of Nature, Anton Khlynov, visited the construction of the last section of the chord and figured out what was happening with the park and project of the motorway.

The mysterious disappearance

The territory between the Belokamennaya MCC platform and the forest is divided by the construction site - a deaf metal fence stretches from here up to the Yaroslavl district. If you leave the train, instead of trees and meadows, truck body, yellow buckets of excavators and sand embankments are caught in the eyes. Rumble of heavy equipment is remotely heard.

In mid-November, work began on the construction of the final section of the North-Eastern Horde (CBC), which should connect the open and Yaroslavl highway. There are almost no people at the MCC station: the transport service and builders in green vests and helmets occasionally flash in the transition. Eco -activists with "public raids" are also visited here periodically. They are sure that the construction is illegal and can cause the “elbow island” to the nature of the “moose island” if you ignore the environmental requirements for construction.

Now a significant part of the north-eastern chord, a 35 kilometer-long highway, has already been built-the movement has been launched in six out of eight sections of the chord.

According to the mayor's office, the launch of the entire CVC will reduce automobile congestion in Moscow by 20–27% and will unload more than 70 km of roads.

The Moscow authorities began coordinating the construction of one of the sections of the CBC through the territory of the Losyny Island at the end of 2018. A six -lane road more than three kilometers long should pass through the national park.

The winner of the competition for the design of the chord, which affects the "moose island", back in 2016, was the Mosproekt-3 Institute. But who exactly will build the road from the Yaroslavl highway to Losinoostrovskaya Street became known only in June 2020 (this will be done by JSC Monolithic Construction Management-1).

Probably, the delay between design and construction work caused the status of the territory - the land of the “moonsine island” relate to specially protected natural territories (protected areas) of federal significance.

According to Russian law on protected areas, any economic activity on them should be agreed with the federal executive body, which is in charge of the facility (in this case it is the Ministry of Natural Resources). However, a favorable situation was unexpected for the capital's authorities. According to the public cadastral map, the sections on which the highway will be held in August ceased to be part of the Losynaya Island National Park.

The first to pay attention to this ecologists. Greenpeace Russia even asked the Prosecutor General’s Office to bring the USRN in accordance with the description of the borders indicated in the documents on the creation of the park, because there were no “decisions of state or judicial authorities to exclude these areas from the territory of the national park”.

They denied changes in the territory of the national park in the Ministry of Natural Resources. Then the department, however, did not explain who and how to amend the base, noting only that "the boundaries of the national park cannot independently change the cadastral accounting body."

-The section of the “Losynaya Island” was cut out of the USRN base as the territory of the National Park in order to simplify the construction of the North-Eastern Chord. The stumbling block is coordination from the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. “The builders considered that in this way they may not do this,” says Mikhail Krenindlin, an expert at the Russian branch of Greenpeace in specially protected natural territories.

The situation was really quickly used by the deputy mayor of Moscow for urban planning and construction Andrei Bochkarev. Soon after the start of the construction of the highway, Bochkarev said that the chord would not pass through the territory of the "Losyn Island". The construction department of the Novice City Hall confirmed that the selected design decision does not affect the territory of the National Park: the northeastern chord passes in the railway lifting lane and on the ownership of the city of Moscow, intended to accommodate transport infrastructure facilities, abroad of the zone with special conditions for the protected areas of federal national park of the Slosy Island.

-a section of the North-East Chord from the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway to the street. Losinoostrovskaya is located on land plots belonging to the city of Moscow and OJSC Russian Railways, which is confirmed by extracts from the federal register for land plots on which the zone of construction of the northeastern chord is located, as well as an extract on the border of the zone with special conditions for the protected areas of the federal park “Sloke Island”.

Information on the status of land plots within the boundaries of the placement of the North-Eastern Chord is open and is placed on a public cadastral map, ”Bochkarev’s words were substantiated in the construction complex of the capital.

At the same time, back in January of this year, the city hall used other formulations and directly stated that the existing options for the passage of CVC affect the national park.

The location of the project has not changed during this time.

- Whoever removed the data from the USRN is unknown, all the interests suddenly coincided. They simply took it virtually, in the USRN, cut out a piece of the “moose island”, moreover, much larger than it is needed for CVC. They cut out the entire railway lane adjacent to the construction of the Horde MSD and a little more, ”says Anton Khlynov, an expert at the Moscow City City Society for the Protection of Nature.

The screenshots of the Cadastral Card “before” and “after” are not the only thing that can be operated on the issue of determining the boundaries of the “moose island”. Khlynov says that the territory of the park was described and established by decisions on its creation in 1979, 1983, 1988 and 1992. The border is also indicated in the current provision on the Slosy Island National Park.

In addition, the city part of the National Park has a state act on the right of permanent unlimited use of land, in which the boundaries of the National Park are clearly displayed on the plan indicating unauthorized users as part of its territory and are described in geodetic coordinates at each turning point of its border. It is also possible to confirm the real territory of the Losynaya Island with the help of cadastral plans of the territory from 2018 and forest arrangement materials.

- There are title documents and legal enthusiastic ones. Entering to the USRN is a legal entrusting [document], therefore, an exception to the base does not mean exclusion from the national park. There were no decisions of authorized authorities. Yes, and according to the law, they can’t be them now ( federal legislation does not allow excluding any sections of their territories from the borders of national parks and reserves. - Ed. ),-notes Mikhail Crandlin.

- For the Moscow authorities, the exclusion from the USRN is a formal right to go to a construction site. This is ordinary casuistry. At the same time, people who carried out all these manipulations themselves created problems, as they say, out of the blue. Even if we imagine that all changes are legal, there would still be a buffer zone of the national park, where any construction is prohibited, ”says Khlynov.

Debrium jungle

The fact that the land launched under the highway also belongs to the park zone used to resemble information stands next to the MCC line. The signs showed a specially protected area, and also forbade visitors to make fire and move in cars and motorcycles. But at the end of November (according to Khlynov’s assumption, somewhere on the twenties of the month), the full house demolished.

Now the actions of the townspeople are limiting the metal fence with barbed wire and several police officers scurrying along a narrow corridor for pedestrians between the railway and construction. Two weeks ago, autosaks were on duty at the headquarters of the object.

“They come up with excuses, but in fact everything here is a national park,” the deputy of the Moscow City Duma Sergey Mitrokhin laments. - Any actions on its territory must be agreed, a state environmental examination should be done and an assessment of environmental impact (EIA). There is none of this. They stupidly violate everything that is possible.

According to Khlynov, the territory of the national park may include different land plots. There are lands within the boundaries of the National Park that are completely removed from civilian turnover and are federal property, and there are lands occupied by various kinds of business facilities that belong to other persons.

These include just the railway, and the road network inside the park, and located near the leading construction, but also within the boundaries of the “moose island” Institute of Tuberculosis, the MPS (Russian Railways), a neuropsychiatric boarding school, a number of educational institutions, etc. The economic use of such objects for their purpose within the boundaries of the park is not prohibited, but must comply with the special environmental requirements that take into account the protected natural complexes directly to them.

- As stated, the CBC as a magistral road is necessary to solve the transport problems of the city. According to the rules, it can be built through the National Park, there is no legal ban on the implementation of the project within the city of Moscow, since, according to Part 2 of Article 15 of the Federal Law on SPEPs, the construction of transport infrastructure facilities necessary to ensure that the settlements located within national parks is prohibited in the territories of national parks.

But in this case, alternative construction options should have been considered, it was necessary to conduct public discussions and disclose documentation, justify engineering decisions from an environmental point of view, taking into account the individual characteristics of those parts of the national park along which the road will pass. We have not seen the documentation anywhere. She was not exhibited anywhere, there were no open discussions, - Khlynov is indignant.

It is really impossible to find a project on the site of the city hall, no documents on the segment of the CBC passing through the “moose island” are there.

At the same time, road projects are usually approved by a decree of the Moscow Government. At the same time, in the tender documentation for the construction of the road, there are references to decisions that approve the projects of the SVC sections in completely different places. The journalist of Novaya, together with the ecologist Anton Khlynov and the deputy of the Moscow City Duma, Sergei Mitrokhin, wanted to ask questions about the project at the construction headquarters, however, according to the security, the administration was not there at that time. Instead of a personal meeting, Mitrokhin was offered to find out about the project on the phone and made contact of the representative of the Security Service. It, in turn, was very surprised by the call and reported that they did not have the right to disclose such information.

- The problem of the “moose island” is concluded in officials who constantly violate environmental legislation. Two illegal construction sites are now taking place in the Losyn Island area - this is the fairy -tale forest residential complex from the Yaroslavl highway and the construction of the Renovation from the Metrogorodka, in the security zone, where the construction is in principle prohibited. Exactly the same picture is the northeastern chord. The only thing that can be done now is to prevent the allocation of money for this construction site for the next year, ”Mitrokhin argues.

The deputy wants to resist financing by making appropriate amendments to the draft budget of the capital for 2021. The deputy drew attention to the problems of the construction of the CBC during the meeting on November 18 (the budget was accepted on it in the first reading). In response to the fears expressed in the construction complex, they assured that the project received permission to start the construction and a positive conclusion of the environmental examination.

- This is a very necessary section of the ligament of the open highway and Yaroslavsky, which is an integral part of the transport frame. To date, a positive conclusion of the examination has been received, a building permit has been received. Preparatory work is all summed up. The design documentation provides a significant event on compensation landscaping. In addition, the road passes next to the MCC, almost parallel to the ring, ”Rafik Pryatdinov, head of the Moscow Construction Department of the city, said during the MGD meeting.

Later, on December 9, on the first day of the second reading of the budget of the city of Moscow, Sergey Mitrokhin once again tried to find out why the construction of the highway continues. In the construction complex, he was repeated that the railway river of the railway is not the territory of the national park and its security zone, therefore there are no violations.

- The road is designed in ground performance, based on optimal technical and economic indicators. The compliance of design decisions with the current legislation, including in the field of environmental protection, is confirmed by the positive conclusion of the Glavgosexpertiza in November of this year, ”Roman Beznobik, the first deputy head of the Moscow City Building Department, answered deputy of the Moscow City Duma.

The construction department of Novye said that environmental protection measures as part of the design documentation were nevertheless considered by the state examination. The positive conclusion of the FAU "Glavgosexpertiza of Russia" was obtained on November 12 this year, it can be found in the Unified State Register of Conclusions (USRZ). A day later, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation issued permission to build a section of the North-East Khorda from the Yaroslavsky direction of the Moscow Railway to the ul. Losinoostrovskaya.

When asked when and under what circumstances the territory of the construction of Horde began to belong to Moscow, and not the National Park, Roman Beznobik refused to answer. There was no question of coordination of construction with the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia in the response of the Department of Construction of Moscow. Moreover, earlier in the Ministry of Natural Resources they told Kommersant that the city had already applied to the department for permission and received a negative answer.

-For the coordination of socio-economic activity, Moscow applied in 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia refused to coordinate. There were no other appeals to the Ministry, ”the press service of the Ministry of Natural Resources said.

According to Khlynov, only design and survey work were agreed with the ministry.

As the ecologist notes, this means that by all its actions the Moscow government admitted that it paves the track through the national park.

In amendments to the budget of the city of Moscow, Sergei Mitrokhin proposed to cancel the financing of the draft northeastern chord and postpone construction before the development of a more environmentally friendly project, which will be carried out in accordance with the law. Mitrokhin suggested allocating the money laid down on the construction of the road for the restoration of hospital No. 6 in the Basmann region.

16 deputies voted for the adoption of the amendments, among them Mitrokhin’s colleagues Daria Besedina, Evgeny Bunimovich and Maxim Kruglov, deputies from the Communist Party Yevgeny Stupin, Ekaterina Engalychev and others voted.

Justoross Alexander Soloviev abstained from voting, and no one voted “against”. An amendment to the budget was still not accepted. Mitrokhin announced a similar proposal in another amendment to the bill, only in it the funds allocated for the construction of the road were supposed to go to the fight against pandemia. It was also not accepted into the draft budget.

Concrete jungle of the "elbow island"

The construction of the North-Eastern Horde is far from the first scandal in the Losin Island. According to The Village, in the park zone the past few years has been illegal construction of a shopping center by a group of companies related to the son of the Prosecutor General Artem Seagull. The Losynaya Island was also chosen a residential complex-in the security zone of the park, the Fairytale Forest complex is now illegally built, in the forest there are four abandoned houses of the Golyanovo-Park complex. А в 2019 году на территории «Лосиного острова» хотели проложить дублер Щелковского шоссе.

Чтобы реализовать задуманное, из зоны нацпарка собирались вывести примерно 140 тысяч гектаров земли.

Идея была предложена на тот момент премьер-министром Дмитрием Медведевым, при этом власти обещали в качестве компенсации расширить территорию парка за счет земель Минобороны и Подмосковья. Дело обернулось серьезным общественным резонансом: москвичи запустили петицию на площадке «Российской общественной инициативы» против строительства дороги и вырубки парка. На момент событий ее подписали более 1,5 тыс. человек. На Change.org аналогичную петицию поддержали почти 140 тыс. человек.

В результате осенью прошлого года было решено отложить разработку проекта до середины 2021 года. Вероятно, дублер Щелковского шоссе пройдет через Балашиху. Земли, которые собирались отдать под трассу должны были остаться у «Лосиного острова», однако, по словам активистов, именно на них сейчас строится кусок хорды.

Как указывает Крейндлин, от урбанизации леса страдает как и флора, так и фауна нацпарка. К тому же «Лосиный остров» и так страдает из-за того, что находится в кольце. С ним граничит такой серьезный мегаполис, как Москва, а также граничат прилегающие города и населенные пункты области.

— Даже воздействие по краям сокращает площадь возможного обитания животных, тех же лосей. Тем временем любое строительство в зоне парка косвенно влияет на экосистему. Чем больше построить, тем больше людей будет этим пользоваться, а это уже увеличение рекреационной нагрузки и краевых эффектов. К этому также можно добавить загрязнение воздуха, мусор и т.д., — говорит Крейндлин.

«Ущерб будет и от хорды», — утверждает эколог Greenpeace. Даже несмотря на то, что стройка не ведется в лесу, автомагистраль все еще затрагивает зону с растительностью, а значит происходит влияние на почву. Единственное преимущество текущего варианта СВХ, что она идет вдоль существующей железной дороги, а не строится на новой территории. В любом случае строительство СВХ приведет к увеличению не природной составляющей. К тому же автомобильная магистраль оказывает куда более сильное влияние на окружающую среду, чем железная дорога, в силу более интенсивного движения.

Тем не менее участок хорды все равно можно было бы сделать более экологичным, к примеру, поместить эту часть дороги в тоннель. Как говорит Крейндлин, этот вариант не предусматривает разрушение наземных экосистем. С ним согласны Хлынов и Митрохин, — оба шутят, что не «экстремисты», чтобы выступать против строительства практически готовой хорды.

— Мэр Москвы Сергей Собянин и Минприроды России могли бы сделать этот проект знаковым не только в экологическом, но и в политическом плане. Они могли бы продемонстрировать в расположенном в сердце России «Лосином острове» волю к диалогу с обществом, прибегнув к образцовым природосберегающим решениям, пусть и более затратным. Например, уложив данный участок трассы в тоннель глубокого или неглубокого заложения (хотя бы частично) или предусмотрев иные уникальные инженерные решения. При этом строители проявили бы уважение к природе, жителям мегаполиса и, что немаловажно, к законам нашей страны. У Москвы есть подходящий опыт строительства и достаточные средства.

Такой вариант строительства участка Северо-Восточной хорды рассматривали на предварительной стадии проектирования, однако, по заверениям Депстроя, он был отклонен из-за необоснованного удорожания и сложных геологических условий.

— Проектная документация на участок Северо-Восточной хорды от Ярославского направления Московской железной дороги до ул. Лосиноостровская, получившая положительное заключение государственной экспертизы, соответствует действующему законодательству, в том числе в области охраны окружающей среды и является оптимальной с точки зрения затрат как на строительство объекта, так и на период эксплуатации, — говорят в Департаменте строительства.

Однако текущие работы вызывают много вопросов. Более того, строительство СВХ через «Лосиный остров» создает прецедент для будущих проектов.

— Проблема не только в «Лосином острове». Получается, что, просто манипулируя сведениями ЕГРН о границах территорий, так можно поступить с чем угодно. С водоохранными зонами, если кому-то они будут мешать, с зонами охраны линии электропередач, с санитарно-защитными зонами тех же дорог. Главное только захотеть, — говорит Хлынов.

Эколог отдельно отмечает, что вся ситуация с границами национального парка происходит на фоне реализации поручения президента о внесении в кадастр сведений о местоположении границ всех федеральных ООПТ до 2022 года. Ответственными за выполнение данного поручения являются как раз Минприроды России и Росреестр.

— Думаю, что контрольным органам стоило бы обратить особое внимание на качество работы этих ведомств по выполнению данного поручения, а то как бы вместо достижения благой цели (внесения в реестр достоверных сведений о границах наших национальных парков и заповедников) мы не получили бы в итоге дополнительные экологические и правовые проблемы с ними, — подводит итог Хлынов.