Translated material
Linguistics knight
On April 29, it turned 80 years old to the famous linguist, academician Andrei Anatolyevich Zaliznyak. Although, of course, it is difficult to believe in it - he is so young, fast and flying. And those who heard the chip only on the radio refuse to believe that they did not listen to the voice of a completely young man.
A. A. Zaliznyak is a real living classic, author of fundamental works at once in several areas of linguistics (“Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language” and “Russian Name of Punishment”, research of birch bark letters and “Ancient -Gorodsk dialect”, “Proceedings on accentology” (science of stress) - and the study of the language about the Igor's shelf ”), the Enlightener and the Boats OBSKURANTISM, and besides, the classic of the genre of linguistic tasks.
On the Culture television channel, a very nice film about Zaliznyak was shown [1] , and colleagues and students gave the newborn site to the newborn: http://inslav.ru/zalizniak80 . Basically, this site is filled with small scientific articles on issues not only special, but even exquisite - since congratulations rightly believed that for an anniversary who does not love honesty and loving science, this would be the best gift. But still, these materials create a completely clear image of a chip. And above all, two of his features are protruding.
The first is reflected in the epigraph, which suggested by his note (by the way, by the way, to our “active dictionary of the Russian language”), academician Yu. D. Apresyan:
M.: Our happiness is that the bell does not engage in semantics.
Otherwise, we would have nothing to do.
A.: This does not threaten us.
M.: Why?
A.: In semantics it is impossible to achieve perfection.
(From a conversation half a century ago.)
The second feature becomes obvious if you look at the site in many photographs from the lectures of Zaliznyak or from Novgorod expeditions. The expression of pure, incomplete and disinterested happiness does not come off the faces of the listeners. Everyone who studied with a chisel, who just listened to him, know how he knows how to make a scientific knowledge of the holiday, tell everyone this joy from a beautiful solution found and somewhat even a non -modern love of scientific truth.
And these two features - perfection and knightly service to science, on the one hand, and lightness and joy, on the other - they are visible in all stories, in all memories.
A rare combination of perfection and lightness - after all, we know, this is how Pushkin described Mozart.
It is no coincidence that the text of Marina Bobrik was entitled “Ludi Magister” on the website. Instead of a portrait (this is a Latin pun, familiar to us from the “game of beads”, the expression can be understood both as a “master of the game” and as a “teacher”).
I will give excerpts from this text: “When you talk about Andrei Anatolyevich on Zaliznyak, in the mind there are: beautiful handwriting, light hands connecting the ends of a torn birch bark letter, a voice that takes off on the intonation of“ Nom-sin-sin! ”, The smile of joy in response to the reaction of the audience. The remembered replica: “How many worlds are in the world!” ”
Where she tells about the linguistic tasks invented by A. A. Zaliznyak, she notes that they are “designed for a person who is not familiar with the languages under consideration. It is important because, in contrast to many other authors of linguistic tasks, the chip does not need to check the knowledge of a particular language. He seeks to get rid of this didactic, reproductive element of the task as interference. Pure interest and live search is important to him - the properties that paint and turn it into a fascinating intellectual game. ”
In the corner of the compensation and the dictionary, we read: “In science, they are driven by keen interest. The integrity of his character is amazing-from a fifth grader who took the English-Russian dictionary with him to the summer camp, to the present A. A. Z., as if glassblings evenly blowing a ball of an amazingly beautiful shape and pure sound evenly. ”
“... According to the witty remark of V. Plungan, every student knows how useless a lesson is the adversary of the texts of A. A.: Very soon you find that you rewrite the text entirely. But for A.A. Especially fascinating super-task-a test of the word of science for compression: a book (“From the Pre-Slavic Accentculation to the Russian”, 1985)-an essay (in the book “Old Russian Stress”, 2014)-a three-page compensation for students of lectures on Russian accentology at Moscow State University ”.
“... interest in living people - situations of their life, conversations, relationships, reactions. And with the same curiosity and goodwill with which A. A. is addressed to his close and short contemporaries, he listens to the voices and peers into the faces of the ancient Novgorodians. What is his joy when it is discovered that in the XII century there were people who, like us, were explained in love and gave children to school; And that the Novgorodki were not excitedly ignorant and illiterate; And that legal consciousness was not an example to us today was extremely high and articulated. <...> Almost every season of the Novgorod archaeological expedition, the Birch Birch Birch Bades is replenished with new finds (the last of them received number 1063). ”
“... Complete autumn lectures A. A. are collected by more and more listeners about the news of the season. The audience acquired a completely different scale, when in 2011 A. A., in a cycle, from two lectures, spoke about birch bark letters as part of the Academy program on television. And this is not a complete list. It will not be an exaggeration to say that thanks to the chisel, a historical kitsch in the not -profession of the non -professional about an old Russian man, before his eyes, exfoliates and an exciting picture, filled with live voices and details of everyday life, opens. ”
“... it is important, it seems to me, the very installation of A. A. for the openness and the general accessibility of science. At the same time, it is by no means talking about lowering the scientific bar, but only about writing and talking clearly and accessible both for a professional (he is also a person!) And for every interested reader and listener. This double treatment (and, in fact, universality) means the science of its mission: the extraction of truth by a professional and a message to its public. A. A. accumulated vast experience in public speech - in teaching and in public space. And no matter what audience he said - at the Moscow State University, at school, in the Novgorod expedition, in the Polytechnic, on television - the audience has a pleasant feeling that they are talking respectfully and friendly, without simplifying and not darkening the subject. What is it, if not the high quality of the culture of human communication? “The ability to speak with another so that the differences in social and cultural status retreat into the shadow, and mutual interest came to the fore.”
In the school “School”, Marina Bobrik writes: “You can’t say, perhaps, that the bell created the school ... He does not like to lead (as he does not like to be guided) and does not hold the apprentice. He is the roads of freedom and individuality. He appreciates the situation outside the groups. And the school - whatever one may say, is also a genus of a group or party, even if you are in it - the main one ... here it is different. A. A. made an era with his presence in science - his own way of thought and his personality. It is individual and irrelevant. But at the same time, several generations of bright, talented, outstanding linguists have already grown up (some of them themselves have already become the founders of scientific schools), in the scientific handwriting of each of which the former student of the bulz is unmistakably recognized. ”
“Teaching for A. A. is terribly important (E.V. Paducheva about the Subable seminars of the bell at Moscow State University:“ There is no greater joy for him ”). Arabic, emphasis, Sanskrit replacement for each other; There are always new participants in the seminar, but many repeat the course again and again - “for the sake of the process itself”. The children's audience is attractive to A. A. in a special way. Maybe because the freedom of play for children is completely given, they indulge in her unbiased and passionately. Adult to
Play taste, you need to at least temporarily awaken a child in yourself. I had to observe with what hobby A. A. plays chess not with a connoisseur, but with a child - he is interested not to compete and demonstrate his skill, but to convey to the child what you can, and rejoice with him the return! In the summer of each year he is waiting for him in Dubna in a summer linguistic school. And he goes there with joy - he is interested in the most susceptible of the audiences to try, for example, an atris of the general line of development of Russian grammar, and then answer in the lobby for the endless questions of the audience for another two hours. The lectures of A. A. at the Moscow school “Moomi-Troll” became traditional. Lectures of Zaliznyak for schoolchildren are not a fresh catechism of linguistics, but the introduction into riddles and linguistic tasks of philological craft ... Children learn to see in science not so much a collection of unshakable statements as an open contesting process. ”
“... at the lecture by A. A. they find themselves in this process in whole. Along the way, the important rule of scientific ethics is absorbed: do not accuse the scribe of error, look for the cause of inconsistency - the researcher is more likely to be mistaken. What is the success and main value of such a lecture? In the matter itself - of course, but even more - in the tone: in equal and without humiliating condescension - this is what children value more than anything else. And when mutual trust has been established, it is completely clear to them that the search for truth is a living, exciting game ” [2] .
Perhaps the most touching, the most personal text on the site is the memoir of the wonderful linguist T. M. Nikolaeva “I remember ...”. Here are excerpts from it:
“Andrey, we met you in 1952. So, probably, except Lena, I know you the longest. I will remember at least a little of the much that I remember. And I remember a lot. Of course, all your data is beautiful, but I remember your kindness and friendship most of all. <...>
I do not want to write about your creative success. They are known to everyone, and I have not learned anything from you, because it is impossible. But I also remember the legend of you, as your mother was told that it is better not to learn German Andryusha, since the boy is very incapable of languages. However, in 1962, we were sitting next to a plane flying to Budapest, you opened the Hungarian language textbook, plunged into it-and two or three days later you tried to talk on the street, and at the end of our tourist trips, I already desired that Hungarian is your university specialization. And you tried to teach me your five -hundredth list. Then you committed the act at that time heroic. In some bar, where they led our academic group to see a foreign life, a beautiful singer sang. Then you sat down to her - the group froze - and ordered her, it seems, good cognac.
Every year, and more than once a year, up to perestroika, we were driven to a vegetable base, we got up at the dawn and weaved in Kuntsevo. Once they reported that the vegetable engine is broken and vegetables (especially the cabbage) should be cut with your hands. We went for a long time and painfully cut something. And you went - and repaired her in ten minutes. The women from the base looked at you with hatred. I remember how quickly you mastered the motorcycle, and then the car and took me home with a short way from Trubnikovsky to Malaya Nikitskaya (then - Kachalov). Many years have passed. Institute of Slavic Studies, end of the 70s. Our chef, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich, sends you to the Publishing House of Science to take a collective manuscript (this was a “category of certainty/ uncertainty”). But, considering you nervous and vulnerable, he sent with you a “strong person” - me. New generations do not imagine the Publishing House "Science" of those years. It was a close -knit flock of women united by one strong feeling - hatred of the author. You can talk about these years for hours. We sat down. The editor - immediately: “But on your page 244, the letter B is poorly printed. I can’t accept”. And then you take out something tiny from your pocket, a feather, or something, and you say: “We’ll fix it now.” “And on page 321 is some kind of spot,” the editor yells. "Sotrm now". And again, some tiny rubber band is taken out. Finally, heavy artillery is being used. “I put you a manuscript on the 21st page per sheet.” “Well, that's it,” I thought. This means that several good works must be thrown away, since only 20 sheets can be in the book. What to do? What to do?! And then you, shitting with charming, say: “I hope this is only a joke?” And an evil editor gave up, surrendered. ”
And then say who would not give up.
Irina Levontina,
Vedas. scientific. sore. sector of theoretical semantics
Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2. The article was published in the magazine Izvestia RAS. Literature and Language series, 2015, No. 3. See also www.inslav.ru/zalizniak80/congratulations/bobrik.pdf
3. Www.inslav.ru/zalizniak80/Congratulations/nikolaeva.html
Continuation of the theme of the 80th anniversary of A. A. Zaliznyak, see p. 4-5.