Defederalization

The idea of ​​a federal state in the Russian territory, being generated by the social democratic quotes of German romantics, is initially strange. However, it is believed that Russia is a federal state. Bye. In any case, the external decorum, somehow regional chapters, emblems and flags are present. It is also believed that Russia is a secular state. Bye.

It seems not for long.

In the most part, RSC readers do not spend precious time reading official papers. This is partly justified, but not always. The last innovations of the State Duma deserve attention in any case.

Despite last year’s activism, D.N. Kozaka, the hope that the parliament would try to at least slow down the reformist abuse. But no, at a good pace (the second reading on August 2, and the third 5th) decided that the local budget is split into two: one - municipal districts and urban districts, the other - urban and rural settlements. And they will split - where to go. In order to not be in the field, it was decided that all accounts of local administrations must be transferred from regional treasury to federal.

If you overturn the scheme of the upcoming reality, for example, to the Afanasyevsky district of the Kirov region, which I already had to write about, it will turn out the following.

The current budget of the district is 86 million 726 thousand rubles. Of these, the area itself earns only 30 million.

The district includes a village. Afanasyevo (3500 people) and 18 rural districts, from 3 to 30 settlements in each. Only five villages live in more than 1000 people. 8 settlements - hopelessly distressing. At the same time, there are 33 schools in the district, in which 2,800 students study. Currently, hospitals, being on the balance sheet of the district, are subordinate to the region and are not controlled by the district. The average monthly official salary amounted to 977 rubles in agriculture and 1978 rubles in the field of education, 2473 - in healthcare up to 3482 rubles in governing bodies.

The birth rate in the area is one of the highest in the region: 191 people (11.3 per thousand). Mortality is 302 people (17.8 per thousand). There are 77 pensioners for 100 workers, despite the fact that 8.5% of pensioners continue to work. 10% of the able -bodied population work outside the area. 75 people entered the area for 2003, and 413 were left (more - 459 left in 2003).

With incomplete 17 thousand inhabitants, the district will lose at least 2 thousand in the next 5 years.

Now we will put on this picture a scheme adopted by the State Duma in the third reading.

If the scheme is carried out strictly, then in the territory of the Omutninsky district, 6 settlement municipalities should be formed and up to 18 municipal districts with their budgets, their accounting and everything else. How to do this at 86 or even with 100 million district budgets remains a mystery. The mystery is the greater that in the area there is only a branch of the branch of Sberbank of the neighboring region and there is no tax inspectorate.

The preservation of the district structure and administration is not mentioned by the new Budget Code. The previous authorities of the region appreciated the efforts of the head of the district to transfer the fuel complex from the brood fuel oil to local firewood ... Completely canceled the subsidies of the purchases of the energy carrier. But for the successful fulfillment of the budget, the regional administration gave the district four modern computers.

In municipal management with people, it is difficult. The selection of heads of rural districts is now difficult. The chairman of one of the rural districts in compassion was held by three boiler houses for three buildings located 150 - 200 meters from each other. When asked why she did not order to “sit” all three by one, she replied that she did not want to reduce jobs, closing two boiler houses. But according to the new rules, it will be necessary to calculate the tax on real estate, land tax.

One of the points of potential growth is the village of Biserovo. The population of 1,200 people.
The “motors” of the development of the district are two forestry processing enterprises: “rhythm” and “BIC”. Enterprises are developing, switching to deeper wood processing, going out with products to other regions and export.

The problems of development, according to the heads of these companies: no normal roads - it is difficult to import expensive equipment and take out products; There is no acceptable connection in the outside world, it is difficult to communicate with potential customers, to work in the market; There are no competitions of banks, which supports an exorbitantly high percentage of loans and the villainous conditions of service. Various auditing authorities who want to profit, present exorbitantly overstated requirements to “repel” a trip from a neighboring area.

The programmed changes in these problems cannot solve.

In Biserovo you will have to start a municipality ...

As for the security of the state, the land tax will not be paid by institutions of the criminal-executive system of the Ministry of Justice from territories occupied by mobilization purposes, as well as religious organizations. Mirly cultural institutions did not get into this list. However, local authorities at their discretion will be able to expand the list of beneficiaries.

As for federalism, since 2006, the subject of the Federation will be able to maintain his treasury only under a special agreement with the center, and we seem to guess which regions we are talking about.

Gratuitous loans to the regions will be replaced by loans issued on a percentage basis (without affecting subsidies and subventions), and since 2007, in regions whose overdue debts will exceed 30% of their income, a temporary financial administration will be able to introduce a decision of the Supreme Arbitration Court.

I remember that the Boyarsky Duma under Peter Velikh introduced a bast shoe tax - our current parliament decided that receipts from water tax would go from regions to the center.