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Projective lexicon of the Russian language September 14, 2008

Dear friends!
The ninth year of “The Gift” begins (it’s even hard to believe that our project has lived up to Dante’s age when he met Beatrice). This fall you will see a new series - phraseological.

I invite everyone to my blog “ Sticky Leaves ”, which has reopened after the August break. The last theme is vitality and aggressiveness.

NEOPHRASIA - 1

So far we have discussed in The Gift only vocabulary and partly grammar. But there is another area of language - phraseology, stable phrases that are reproduced in speech already “ready-made”, in the sense that is fixed by the custom of their use. The meaning of phraseological units is not reducible to the meanings of the constituent words, for example, in such phrases as “chickens to laugh”, “turn a blind eye”, “waste money”, “cannon fodder”, “finger of fate”, etc.. Unlike free phrases, associated phrases are not produced , but are only reproduced in speech. They become phraseological units as they become a habit and begin to be widely used as integral speech units, indecomposable into lexical components. [1]

But creativity in the genre of word combinations is quite possible, just as creativity in the genre of a single word is also possible. By analogy with neology , i.e. the creation of new words, we call neophrasy the creation of new phraseological units. Neophrasia is no less common a phenomenon in language than neology. Often new phraseological units become titles or widely quoted expressions from popular books, songs, films, and jokes. “Woe from Wit”, “burn with a verb”, “the most honest rules”, “dead souls”, “gunpowder in the flasks”, “man in a case”, “born to crawl”, “Gulag archipelago”...

Most often, the creation of phraseological units is not the intention of the author - it is rather the choice of the language community, which “drags in” certain expressions and automates them with frequent use, turning them into speech cliches. However, phraseological units can also be created intentionally. These are many expressions from the Mitak subculture - phrases deliberately composed as phraseological units, created as independent works in this genre. Like other phraseological units, their meaning is not limited to the meaning of the constituent lexical units. “Brother Mitka is dying, asking for fish soup” - this is not at all about death and not about the fish soup, but about the mournful, pitiful state of the human spirit. This expression - “asks for fish soup” - can be used in any situation when a person desperately needs something, when he is trying to pity his interlocutor, asks to borrow money, etc.

Several upcoming issues are devoted to neophrasy. Some phraseological units are free or exact translations from English - these cases are specified.
As always, please pay special attention to the examples; without them, new words and phrases will not be learned. This issue contains phraseological units on the topic of vision.

to look (at someone, what) through eyelashes - to look with admiration, shyly, furtively, not daring to look directly, with eyes wide open.

In love? In me? But I don't notice anything. - Well, of course, he’s looking at you through his eyelashes.
I look at her through my eyelashes - and I remember school, third grade, when I looked at one girl like that, and she teased me “blind chicken.”
This is such a great text that I cannot read for a long time; I close my eyes as if from a bright light. at such a genius look You can only through your eyelashes.
So naive and enthusiastic, he looks through his eyelashes at his older brother...

in the pupil of the contemplator - that the properties of things depend on their perception, subjective attitude towards them.

There is an expression in English: “beauty is in the eye of the beholder .” (Beauty is in the eye of the beholder). Wed. Russian proverb: “Fear has big eyes.”

I never thought that he would be so carried away by the homely Polina. However, beauty is in the pupil of the beholder
For you our boss is a magician, but for me he is a monster. Everything is in the pupil of the contemplator .

It's better to visit once than to see a hundred times
A paraphrase of the old expression: “it’s better to see once than to hear a hundred times.”

Previously, seeing meant visiting. But in the age of cinema, television, video, photography, and the Internet, you can see it many times without visiting it. Hence the new expression.

I watched all the films I could get my hands on about the Arctic, but it’s better to visit once than to see it a hundred times . Next year I'm going on an expedition.

Note that if the paraphrase concerns a proverb, then such a genre can be called a foreign word . For example, the proverb “if you drive more quietly, you will be quieter” has a foreign proverb , “if you drive further, you will be quieter.” I like this term better than “anti-proverb,” although the latter is very widespread; even a dictionary by H. Walter and V. Mokienko “Anti-proverbs of the Russian people” (St. Petersburg, 2005, 25 thousand units) has been published. But heterologians only in rare cases act as “anti” in relation to their prototypes (in which case they could be called “ anti-words ”). Much more often they simply modify the original expression. For example, “after the wedding they don’t wave their fists.”

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1. According to the definition of V. M. Mokienko, “by a phraseological unit we understand a relatively stable, reproducible, expressive combination of lexemes, which (as a rule) has a holistic meaning .” Slavic phraseology, M., Higher School, 1989, P.5).

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The network project “The Gift of Words” has been published since April 2000. Every week, several new words are sent to subscribers, with definitions and examples of use. These words are not in any dictionary, and yet they denote significant phenomena and concepts for which there has not yet been a place in the public consciousness. "Dar" also conducts discussions about the Russian language, discusses letters and suggestions from readers. “The Gift of Speech” can serve as a manual on word creation and thought creation, an introduction to the linguistic sphere and conceptual sphere of the 21st century. All previous issues.

Subscribe to the "Gift" of your friends at : http://subscribe.ru/catalog/linguistics.lexicon

Sticky leaves. Philosophical and philological diary of M. Epstein on LiveJournal

Yazykovod - website of the Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language.

PreDictionary - English neologisms by M. Epstein.

Association of Word and Term Finders ( AIST ) is a linguistic community on LiveJournal. An open platform for discussing new words and ideas.

New publications by M. Epstein (with links)

Humanities library (philosophy, cultural studies, religious studies, literary studies, linguistics, essays)

All books

Mikhail Epstein's books can be purchased in major bookstores, as well as on the Internet. In Moscow, almost all of them are in the Biblioglobus stores (metro station Lubyanka, Myasnitskaya st. 6/3, tel. 928-35-67, 924-46-80); NINA (Consent) (metro Paveletskaya, Bakhrushina st., 28, t. (095) 959-2094); Bookstore of the Literary Institute (25 Tverskoy Boulevard, entrance from Bolshaya Bronnaya Street, from Pushkinskaya metro station, on the left side, to the sign: Literary Institute, tel. 202-8608).

Projective Philosophical Dictionary: New Terms and Concepts . St. Petersburg: Aletheya, 2003, 512 pp.

Paternity. Metaphysical Diary . SPb. Aletheia, 2003, 246 pp.

Space sign. On the Future of the Humanities . M.: New Literary Review, 2004, 864 pp.

All essays , in 2 vols. vol. 1. In Russia; v. 2. From America. Ekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2005, 544 pp. + 704 ss.

New sectarianism. Types of religious and philosophical mindsets in Russia in the 1970s - 1980s . (series "Rainbow of Thought"). Samara: Bakhrakh-M, 2005, 256 pp.

Great Owl. Soviet mythology. (series "Rainbow of Thought"). Samara: Bakhrakh-M, 2006, 268 pp.

Postmodernity in Russian literature . M., Higher School, 2005, 495 pp.

Word and silence. Metaphysics of Russian literature "M., "Higher School", 2006, 559 pp.

Philosophy of the body . St. Petersburg: Aletheya, 2006, 194 pp.

Amerossia. Selected essays (series "Parallel Texts", in Russian and English) M., Silver Threads, 2007, 504 pp.

Poems and elements. Nature in Russian poetry of the 18th - 20th centuries (series "Rainbow of Thought"). Samara, Bakhrakh-M, 2007, 352 pp.