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Projective lexicon of the Russian language December 31, 2006
Dear friends, readers and co-authors of "The Gift"!
I congratulate you on the upcoming New Year, I wish you health, good luck, and creative joys!
As you know, 2007 has been declared the year of the Russian language. In terms of the number of speakers (including those for whom it is not native, but acquired), Russian ranks fourth in the world:
I am pleased to announce that on the eve of the Year of the Russian Language, the Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language has been created on the basis of St. Petersburg University and the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL). An agreement on its creation was reached in the summer of 2006 during my meeting with the rector of St. Petersburg University L. A. Verbitskaya. The following document was recently adopted and signed:
New Year's week theme: How to be loved?
Life-loving , fame-loving... self-loving .
“The word controls the brain, the brain controls the hands, hands control the kingdoms” (Velimir Khlebnikov).
network project Mikhail Epstein's "The Gift of Words" has been published since April 2000. Every week, subscribers are sent several new words, with definitions and examples of use. These words are not in any dictionary, and yet they denote significant phenomena and concepts for which there has not yet been a place in the language and public consciousness. "Dar" also conducts discussions about the Russian language, discusses letters and suggestions from readers. “The Gift” can serve as a guide to word creation, an introduction to the world of linguistic fantasies and mental technologies. All previous issues .
Projective lexicon of the Russian language December 31, 2006
Dear friends, readers and co-authors of "The Gift"!
I congratulate you on the upcoming New Year, I wish you health, good luck, and creative joys!
May your love for life be reciprocated! What does it mean: to be not only life-loving, but also life-loving ? Today's New Year's issue is about the meaning of this and similar words.
As you know, 2007 has been declared the year of the Russian language. In terms of the number of speakers (including those for whom it is not native, but acquired), Russian ranks fourth in the world:
1. Chinese (1.12 billion)
2. English (480 million)
3. Spanish (320 million)
4. Russian (285 million)
5. French (265 million)
6. Hindi/Urdu (250 million)
7. Arabic (221 million)
I am pleased to announce that on the eve of the Year of the Russian Language, the Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language has been created on the basis of St. Petersburg University and the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL). An agreement on its creation was reached in the summer of 2006 during my meeting with the rector of St. Petersburg University L. A. Verbitskaya. The following document was recently adopted and signed:
Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language.
Basic provisions and areas of activity
1. The Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language is being created under the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature on the basis of St. Petersburg State University and in its work uses the organizational, financial and technical resources of MAPRYAL and St. Petersburg State University.
2. The main task of the Center is to promote the creative development of the Russian language, the dynamic updating of its lexical composition and grammatical structure, the expansion of its conceptual and communicative capabilities and its more active inclusion in the global semiosphere and noosphere of the 21st century.
3. The work of the Center is based on the idea that “language should not be considered as a dead product, but as a creative process” (Wilhelm von Humboldt).
Language is being created today, now, and the task of the Center is to unite the most active and conscious participants in this creative process, to connect scientific linguistics with creative linguistics. “Linguology gives the right to populate with new life... the impoverished waves of language” (Velimir Khlebnikov).
4. The activities of the Center are constructive in nature and are guided by the principle: nothing can be prohibited or imposed on the language, but models and methods for its renewal can be developed, which will subsequently be accepted and used to one degree or another by society and the linguistic environment.
5. The activities of the Center are interdisciplinary in nature and involve the interaction of language theorists and practitioners: philologists, linguists, sociologists, writers, journalists, teachers, translators, cultural figures, and media workers.
6. The Center explores the hidden resources of expressiveness of the Russian language and the possibilities of its systemic development, conducts language experiments and surveys of target audiences, looks for new ways of word formation and meaning formation, and submits its proposals for public discussion.
7. The Center pays special attention to constructive work in those lexical, thematic and conceptual areas where the development of the Russian language, due to historical reasons, was delayed or became overwhelmingly dependent on foreign language borrowings: the Internet and network communication; psychology of personality and interpersonal relationships; terminology of social and human sciences and technologies, etc. Proposals for new vocabulary, terminology and phraseology are submitted for wide public discussion.
8. The Center publishes dictionary materials, books, brochures on living trends and productive new formations in the Russian language;
develops recommendations for the introduction and use of new words and concepts, terms and concepts;
holds open competitions for the most successful word formations in those thematic areas where there is a need to fill existing lexical gaps or provide alternatives to foreign language terms.
9. The Center monitors word-formation and meaning-generating processes in modern language and conducts events designed to develop the linguistic self-awareness of society, such as “Word of the Year” (determining the most significant, characteristic words of the past year according to such parameters as social relevance, aesthetic appeal and expressiveness) ; “One-word of the year” (the author’s most original neologism), etc.
10. An important task of the Center is to expand the contribution of the Russian language and the Russian semiosphere to the development of global intellectual resources, the advancing influence of the Russian language on the formation of new concepts and terms that can be assimilated by the international community. The Russian language is called upon to reveal not only its vitality, but also its attractiveness as an instrument of creative thinking, the production of those ideas and meanings that become relevant for the whole world and influence the public consciousness of developed countries.
11. One of the areas of work of the Center is interaction with the system of higher and secondary education in the country. Learning a language is not just mastering a body of knowledge, existing vocabulary and grammar, it is the ability to create according to the laws of language, to introduce something new and unprecedented into it. A playful, creative, experimental approach to language should find a place in school lessons, realizing the potential of word creation and constructive linguistic thinking that is characteristic of children and adolescents. In collaboration with teachers and educational process organizers, the Center develops programs, methodological recommendations, and teaching aids for the creative mastery of expressive language resources.
12. One of the Center’s tasks is to attract public attention to problematic and crisis phenomena in the life of the Russian language, to its historical fate and development prospects. The center establishes connections with the press and the media for a broad discussion of language ideas and projects. The Center's social and information activities include publications in magazines and newspapers, the creation of radio broadcasts, television programs and electronic websites that present the Russian language as a creative process that is significant for all its speakers.
13. Within the framework of the Center, various scientific and creative projects and initiatives are carried out, there is a Club of Language Experiments, headed by a professor from St. Petersburg State University
Lyudmila Vladimirovna Zubova.
14. Scientific director of the Center is Mikhail Naumovich Epstein, professor at Emory University (Atlanta, USA). Executive Director - Olga Igorevna Glazunova, Associate Professor at St. Petersburg State University. The coordinator of the Center is Evgeniy Efimovich Yurkov, Deputy General Secretary of MAPRYAL, Vice-President of ROPRYAL, Dean of Specialties. Faculty of Philology, St. Petersburg State University.
I hope that the readers of "The Gift" will take an active part in the activities of this Center, the creation of which has been prepared by our joint linguistic work for almost seven years. I will inform you about the activities of the Center in this newsletter.
New Year's week theme: How to be loved?
Life-loving , fame-loving... self-loving .
There are a number of complex adjectives with the secondary principle - loving : life-loving, God-loving, hard-working, fame-loving, woman-loving, people-loving, truth-loving, rank-loving, money-loving, child-loving, power-loving, ambitious, proud, etc. They indicate those who love what is indicated in the first basis: to life, God, work, glory, ranks, silver (money), power, etc.
But the opposite relationship is also possible: to be loved - by life, God, glory, power, women, etc. Hence the transformation of these adjectives into the “passive voice”, with the replacement of just one letter “v” with the letter “m” in the suffix: life-loving - loved by life, god-loving - loved by God, glory- loving - beloved by glory, etc.
Pairs of words are lined up accordingly:
life-loving - life-lovingNote that the first stem ( life-, god- ) does not change, although in those phrases with which these complex adjectives are associated, the nouns are in different cases. God-loving - loving God (accusative); beloved of God - loved by God (creative). Words such as “God-protected” and “God-saved” serve as a precedent. " God's Beloved " easily fits into the same row. “Our God-loved , God-protected and God-saved country" is loved, preserved and saved by God. (Compare the words “water-permeable”, “gas-tight”, where the same form of the fundamental principle indicates the genitive case of the noun in combination with the passive present participle: “permeable to water”, “impenetrable to gas”).
God-loving - God-loving
people-loving - people-loving
money-loving - money-loving
Lover of life - loved by life, enjoying its favor
God-loved - loved by God
famous - the one whom fame chases
A rank-loving person is one who easily gets ranks, whom they “love”
The lover of money is the one to whom money sticks.
feminine - loved by women
beloved by the people - loved by the people
A hard worker is someone whom work itself seeks
The one who loves the truth is the one whom the truth itself finds
Power-loving - one who easily gets power; who the authorities love
freedom lover - one who easily gets freedom, whom freedom itself seeks
child-loving - loved by one's children
A person who loves life is not always a person who loves life . Life is a capricious lady and despairs many of her admirers.From these adjectives the corresponding nouns are formed - abstract and with the meaning of an actor.The philosophy of life, which subsequently arose in Germany, was only a pathetic fragment from the life philosophy of Pushkin, the most life-loving of all people who lived on earth. He not only loved life in a philistine way, praising the “pot of cabbage soup” on a par with the “foamy glass,” but he was also shamelessly, basely loved by it and ruined out of jealousy. Something else and eternal, beyond life, has already begun to take possession of the poet’s soul in recent years - and then life became jealous of its favorite... (from M. Epstein’s book “New Sectarianism” (ed. 2), M., 1994, P. 134- 135; (ed. 3) Samara, 2006, P. 150).
Some people chase fame, but it is unrequited to them. And there are also those favorites of fame who are indifferent to it. “Being famous is ugly...” wrote Pasternak, one of the most famous Russian poets.
Is our fatherland God-loving? Is it loved by God ? Only God can judge this.
Imagine a tragicomedy of a reluctant seducer, far from being an amateur, but at the same time a favorite of women... No, Don Juan must be equally woman-loving and woman-loving .
There are those rank-loving people for whom a career is given by itself, without much effort: honors and appointments automatically fall on them while they indulge in the joys of life.
He is not so much a hard worker as he is a hard worker . She doesn’t chase work, she finds it herself. We still have to look for such stove makers, although he himself would rather sleep on the stove than build it.
For many years he was alien to the joys of parenthood, and only in old age, having acquired a fifth family, did he become child-loving and child-loving .
Love of life , love of God , love of fame , etc.
Lover of life , lover of God , lover of fame , etc.
Love of life is a special gift, which is sometimes awarded to careless, irresponsible people who are ready to put their lives on the line - and it protects and cherishes them.The pair deserves special consideration: proud - proud . Since we are talking about self-love, it would seem that there is no difference between loving oneself and being loved, because the subject and object of this feeling in both cases coincide. However, someone who is amorous is, as a rule, touchy and suspicious, sensitive to situations when his pride is hurt. And the self-loved person is happy with himself, it is difficult to hurt and offend him. The fact is that loving is a more anxious, restless, vulnerable state than being loved. To love means to be jealous, to doubt, to suspect, to despair. Therefore, a person who loves himself - a proud person - constantly worries, twitches, is hurt: do those around him share his love for himself enough? According to the dictionary definition, amoly is “a heightened sense of self-esteem combined with increased sensitivity to the opinions of others about oneself.” The self-loved , on the contrary, is serene and self-sufficient, he is an object, not a subject; he is happy with himself, because he is loved by the main person in the world and has found everything he could wish for. Therefore, self-love , in contrast to nervous pride, is the calm, confident bliss of self-love.He was never a lover of money, but he was a lover of money : money flowed to him.
self-loved - one who is loved by himself.
self-love is a state of being loved by oneself, being an object of one’s own love.
Pechorin and Grushnitsky are both selfish in their own way. But Pechorin is a proud man, he suffers that his love for himself is not deserved enough, and tries to be worthy of it. Grushnitsky, on the contrary, is a self-loving person : he is loved by himself, and is tormented only by the fact that not everyone (and especially Princess Mary) shares this feeling. Approximately the same distinction can be made between the proud Raskolnikov and the proud Luzhin in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment._________________________________________________________________
“The word controls the brain, the brain controls the hands, hands control the kingdoms” (Velimir Khlebnikov).
network project Mikhail Epstein's "The Gift of Words" has been published since April 2000. Every week, subscribers are sent several new words, with definitions and examples of use. These words are not in any dictionary, and yet they denote significant phenomena and concepts for which there has not yet been a place in the language and public consciousness. "Dar" also conducts discussions about the Russian language, discusses letters and suggestions from readers. “The Gift” can serve as a guide to word creation, an introduction to the world of linguistic fantasies and mental technologies. All previous issues .
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