Date
Author
Дмитрий Плотников
Preserved copy
Translated material
The Republic of Beauty
I came to your world strict and beautiful!
My brother - the pilot - looked in admiring from a height ...
I will bring you fame, my Hiroshima, -
The gods will blind from the power of my beauty!
Pavel Shuvaev.
The city of Fiumum has a long story and a long memory. He remembers both the nasal Latin of the Romans and the sticky fear of the inhabitants during the barbaric invasions. He remembers the first Croatian kings. There were many owners. But one overshadowed the past and came. Gabriela d'annunzio, poet.
Fiumum, as it should be for all port cities of the Mediterranean, was international. Italians and southern Slavs (Croats and Slovenes), approximately equally. So, after the fall of the Habsburgs, a reasonable question arose in peace negotiations - which of the powers of the winners to give it to: Italy or the freshly built KSHS (the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). On the one hand, the entry of Italy into the war helped the Entente. And she received a little, the Italians were very upset because of this behavior of their new friends. And the KSHS was very important for building a small Entente in the Balkans, the allies have already seen the danger of Bolshevism. And Germany must be restrained. The stronger the better. We decided to give the city to the Yugoslavs. The Italians were offended. Offended strongly. Both in Fiam and Italy. Therefore, the Italian elites of the city decided, so to speak, "calling the Varangians." And in the role of Rurik, d'annunzio, who had a reputation not only of the leading Italian writer, but also the hero of the war (the Futurist Poeturist was even able to make his own manifesto, going to aviation and becoming the Italian Manfred von Richthofen). As associates, he gained Arditi, members of Italian paramilitarian organizations of veterans similar to German Freikorami and Austrian Heimvers. And here the strange thing began. D'annunzio turned the whole story with Fiuma into an epic, into a poem full of aesthetics and art forms. Not politics, not the ideology of fascism, which the poet was completely shared, directed Fiam. The city lived aesthetics and the idea of beauty.
So, having risen at the head of the improvised detachment, the poet warrior went to conquer a fabulous kingdom. Early in the morning, on September 11, the detachment began a campaign. D'ANnununzio himself rides in the convertible of the Fiat brand . It has a snow -white uniform, the chest is hung with orders. The convertible is filled with rose petals. The detachment is growing constantly, soldiers, carbines, refugees from Dalmatia join it.
The government decides to act. General Pattaluga organizes the barriers at the border, and, by a happy chance, chooses for his headquarters the one through which the Fiuma Army will go.
The situation is patho. The forces are clearly unequal. Subordinates to Gabriela are not eager to shoot at government soldiers. He remembered the story of Napoleon and his escape from the Elbe in time, opening his overcoat d'annunzio exclaimed: “Will you recognize me? Shoot! Unless, of course, you can shoot this! ”, Hinting at numerous orders. The raasted Pattaluga burst into tears and joined the rebels with his people.
There were no more resistance attempts. The only shots that met the legionnaires was a gun salute from the ships. In churches, festive alarm beats. The half -year history of the Republic of Fiam began.
It began chaotic. D'annunzio tired the road and he decided to sleep at the hotel. The associates wake him up and report that he is now the commandant of the city and his actual ruler (by the way, “ Comendante ” will become a kind of honorary poet’s honorary title, so friends and enemies will turn to him until his death).
The newly -made dictator did not understand a little that did not understand what is happening onto the balcony. And there he makes a spontaneous speech worthy of quoting it. In many ways, even then, rather, by a hunch, D'annunzio determines the appearance of the future republic and lays its ideological base.
“ The Italians of Fiumum! In this unkind and crazy world, our city today is the only island of freedom. This wonderful island floats in the ocean and shines with unfading light, while all the continents of the earth are immersed in the darkness of traders and competition. We are a handful of enlightened people, mystical creators who are designed to sow the seeds of new power, which will germinate in the world. desperate daring and violent insights. ”
People (and especially the ladies, admired by the military bearing and the snow -white uniform) are delighted. The authority of the new government is established. After that, the poet-warrior seeks to report his success to another visible fascist-the notorious Benito Mussolini. Which, by the way, did not support the campaign, and in general their contradictions accumulated, d'Annunzio very criticized the utilitarian fascism of Mussolini, for the commandant fascism was primarily a philosophical idea of the triumph of the spirit. Having decided to touch the future duche, who spoke so much about practice, but missing his practical chance, the triumph writes him a very caustic letter.
“ I am equally shocked by you and the Italian people ... You whimper, while we are fighting ... Where are your fascists, your volunteers, your futurists? Wake up! Wake up and ashamed ... Pierce the hole in your belly and lower the fat. Otherwise, I will do it when my power becomes absolute.”
Mussolini after that had to support the city with both media weight and material means. Admiring the poet and bowing before him, Mussolini hid a deep resentment for this humiliation. And in many ways this mixture of adoration and hatred played a role in the future formation of the Mussolinian edition of fascism.
But speech with speeches, letters with letters, and plebs longed for bread and spectacles. The deficiency in spectacles, however, was never experienced by the citizens of the city of poets, but the tension came out with bread. D'annunzio decided - we are doing a conservative revolution, or where. Therefore, he acted in a completely antique medieval spirit: he took up piracy and requisitions. The “Republic of Beauty” supplies itself mainly due to such a romantic lesson as corserism. But there is still not enough bread. Therefore, the commandant issues a decision that all citizens to maintain performance (including himself) will be issued cocoon cards (the editorial office of the gunboat is definitely against such measures, fu-fu). They made cards generously, in this product the young republic did not know the need.
Therefore, D'ANNNUNSO is working on something all the time, writes orders, declarations, creates a constitution in verses. Several times a day appears with speeches and sermons (at night, as you know, it does not stop it).
After the Constitution in verses and the state cult of muses, the poet’s associates, the Nazis and syndicalists finally understand that the commandant has a slightly different vision of the ideal society and the state. It also does not have to count on the export of the Fium Revolution to Italy, Mussolini did not want to play on the second roles and give all the glory to the wrong hands.
The blockade ring closes more and more. There are fewer food. On the streets, a surrealistic carnival: speeches, cocaine and concerts of Maestro Arturo Tuscanini, who became the Minister of Culture.
Leon Kokhnitsky, who held the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs, despite his views far from rationalism, understood that something needed to do with this, the issue of survival. He turns into the world in order to create a "league of oppressed lands." However, the main lovers of the oppressed, the Bolsheviks, ignored this undertaking. Only the same enchanting movements responded to him: Catalan anarchists, Sapatista rebels from Mexico and for some reason the Egyptian Hediva. Why did Hediviv do this, and to the present day the secret of this great is. It is unlikely that he even understood what he was offered to participate in. Or maybe someone oppressed him. Bitch-hot, for example. Or bile mother -in -law. Well, that's okay. We are distracted.
And D'annunzio contrary to everything holds. He is simply convenient for all his opponents. Italians are trading with the help of him with the Entente, the Entente presses them on the Yugoslavs. Mussolini calmly prepares his serious, like adults, by a coup d'eter (having carried out cosplay on D'anunnzio and arranging his march with veterans and uniforms).
But the recent allies who called the poet-warrior fathers of the city were in complete shock. They simply wanted some Italian paramilitarests to calmly join the Kingdom of Italian. And then the futurists, Uroboros on the flag as a symbol of the city and the Minister of Finance with three convictions for robberies. The slogan “not a day without copulation!” A chosen by Gabriela does not give them pleasure. According to his own assurances, he slept with all citizens of the republic and many ladies of all classes and nations from her guests.
Together with Marconi, one of the pioneers of the radio telegraph, whom D'Annunzio called the “magician of space” and “conqueror of cosmic energy”, they are broadcasting to all peoples of the world. Which, however, remain quite indifferent.
Neither city elites nor Italians are going to endure the buffoonery. Agreements in Rapallo are signed, the army is preparing for the assault and d'Annunzio surrenders the city. Now it is ruled by the Italian administration, banal and boring.
How are we interested in this story?
Firstly, from a cultural point of view. This is protofashism, as it is. Not yet spoiled Mussolini, not yet robbed by the gloomy genius of Baron Evola. Now the insolence and youth of the world is a punk. And at the beginning of the twenties he was fascism Gabriela d'annunzio. It was the state of romanticism and adventure, which could not survive in its boring and stiff era. The state where a impulse was put at the forefront.
Secondly, this is the only state built on the principles of aesthetics. It was guided not by justice or mind, but exclusively the principles of beautiful and ugly. In the view of their leaders, of course. If the fascist state-romantic of Evola and de Rivera was a sort of ascetic, a gloomy knight with a burning gaze, then d'annunzio saw the top of romanticism on the contrary, in an eternal festival, an eternal carnival. Forgive him? Still, the nature is artistic. And what he did was madly, but it was tasteful!
By the way, as a farewell gesture from the Republic of Beauty, the pilot Keller reached his plane to Rome and threw a night pot to the parliament building. The story is over, the idea remained.