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Populated fad
While the state decides how to save the existing single -industry towns, the business creates new
It is unlikely that it will be possible to create a unified state program for solving the problems of settlements that arose around the only city -forming enterprise. Each single -winger requires an individual approach and special recipes for solving accumulated problems. This conclusion was reached by representatives of business and expert community at an organized Institute of Modern Development (Incor) and the New Eurasia Foundation “Round Table” “Prospects of Monoprophilic Cities of Russia: models and forms of social partnership and development”. Meanwhile, the government develops just a universal program for the development of single -industry towns. It is only clear to specialists that simple decisions, for example, such as the resettlement of all residents to other cities, cannot be seriously considered. Simultaneously with the search for the rescue algorithms in the government of existing single -industry towns, large Russian companies are preparing to create new settlements of this type.The problems of the single -industry towns came to the crest of the crisis, demanding emergency interference in their fate of the state. But the state secretary, deputy minister of regional development, Yuri Osintsev, did not agree with the statement that the vast majority of the single-industry towns in a critical situation was in a critical situation. According to the Ministry of Regional Development, out of about three hundred single -industry towns, more than half are centers of raw materials mining, which feel good. “Another thing is what to do with these settlements after the deposits are exhausted, for the development of which they are created,” the deputy minister formulated the problem.
According to him, the crisis situation has now developed in about 20 cities. The most difficult to settlements, where the city -forming enterprises are automotive and engineering enterprises, in particular, for the agro -industrial complex. According to the deputy head of the Ministry of Regional Development, the main difficulties in overcoming the city -forming enterprises of the crisis are related to the fact that most of them are side industries for large holdings, which save the first of all, head enterprises. The failure of city-forming enterprises into some large holding also creates a problem associated, as a rule, with a low level of qualification of managerial personnel.
Now the Ministry of Regional Development is developing a comprehensive program for solving the problems of single -industry towns. In early December, the Minister of Regional Development, Viktor Basargin, during a visit to Togliatti, said that the algorithm for solving the problems of all the country's single -industry towns will be based on the development project of this particular automotive center. “For us, this is a pilot project. We must develop a comprehensive program that would give an algorithm for solving the problem of the single -industry towns in the Russian Federation as a whole, ”the minister said then, however, having immediately made a reservation that only the algorithm will be general, and for each problematic single -industry worker the program will be unique in fullness.
There are no ready -to -discuss options for the withdrawal of single -industry towns from the crisis yet. But, according to Mr. Osintsev, the main directions of solving the problem are already known: the creation of technology parks, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, including the development of the relevant training programs of personnel retraining programs together with the Ministry of Education and Science.
The director of the socio-economic problems of Incor's development Evgeny Gontmamer cited other data on the scale of the problem that did not coincide with the estimates of the Ministry of Regional Development. Referring to the data of the Ministry of Economic Development, he said that in Russia there are about 450 settlements with the only city -forming enterprise, and in about a hundred of them the situation requires emergency intervention. It is clear that the authorities would not want a repetition of the situation that was developed in the summer in Pikalev, the Leningrad Region, where employees of local enterprises blocked the federal highway that lost their jobs and money. Therefore, such cities are provided with monetary assistance from the federal budget, programs for artificial deterrence of the process of release of people are implemented. But all these measures are not a programmatic nature, they are taken in manual control mode, are a momentary reaction to what is happening. The problem, according to Mr. Gontmamer, is complicated by the fact that in 2010 the authorities seem to have no desire to spend money on emergency extinguishing of social fires in previous volumes.
Meanwhile, according to Evgeny Gontmamer, each problematic single -industry District will require a separate healing program, which should be based on a deep preliminary audit. First of all, there should be an answer to the questions: to reprofile or close old production, to attract investments for modernization or the creation of new industries. According to the expert, the maximum that can be developed at the federal level is 10-15 models, which should further adapt to the situation in a particular city.
“It is impossible to build a single program of actions in relation to problematic single -industry towns,” Vyacheslav Glazychev, head of the Department of Management of the Academy of National Economy, is sure. It is necessary to start work with the creation of a socio-psychological profile of the city. Each of them has a unique situation, which is impossible to predict from Moscow. In particular, the picture of real employment has nothing to do with official statistics. As an example, he cited the city of Barysh of the Ulyanovsk Region, where the city -forming enterprise has long been lying on the side, and the city looks quite prosperous. The main source of income for the local male population was work in fleets of all countries of the world. Another example of the spontaneous re-profiling of the Monogorod is Baikalsk in the Irkutsk region, where, against the backdrop of a cellulose-paper combine breathing on the incense, the resort-tourist direction, based on a ski track built here at one time, develops spontaneously.
“Without intensive field research, it is impossible to understand whose city,” the specialist believes. Local self-government, as a rule, is set by the main enterprise, in the role of which, according to Mr. Glazychev, there may be even a successful sanatorium. There are also “unidentified” cities where the local administration is the main employer. According to the expert, as a rule, the local authorities in depressed single -industry towns “completely lack the installation of the type of employment. There is no idea that the service sector may be the basic industry for the settlement. Orientation to possible development options for local authorities is zero. ”
Andrei Nikolaev, from the Moscow Representative Office of the World Bank, considers the current system of power in the single -industry towns a priori more weak compared to the existing in Soviet times. Then the vertical of the authorities, the representative of which in the field was the first secretary of the city committee, had to combine a solution to production and social issues. They had direct levers of influence on enterprises - along the party line they could both be reinforced and deprived of their position. The current mayor even theoretically cannot have such levers of influence on the owners.
The municipal authorities do not consider the associate professor of the Moscow International Higher School of Business Oleg Voronin completely helpless. In his opinion, corporate egoism, which is expressed in the desire to withdraw profit from the region, including through transfer pricing, is combined with “regional egoism”, “enormous dominance of crime”. He is sure that "the main way of interaction between local authorities and business is a social racketeering with the abduction from the financial flows of certain streams in their favor."
Among the experts there is no unified idea of whether the single -industry toward is the result of an erroneous economic policy or inevitability. Evgeny Gontmamer is sure that Monogorod is the heritage of the Soviet past. However, the deputy head of the Office of the Investment Policy of the Administration of the Kemerovo Region, Sergei Sysedkin, cited data from which it followed that during the years of market development the monostructure of the economy of some Kuzbass settlements only increased. So, if in 1997 in Prokopyevsk the coal industry provided 57% of industrial production, then in 2007 - already 72%.
Deputy General Director of SUEK OJSC Sergey Grigoryev said that his company is needed to develop production. “Money must first be invested not in the resettlement of people, but in the development of internal infrastructure,” the businessman believes. And the EuroCim company, one of the largest manufacturers of mineral fertilizers, in the near future intends to build a completely new single -industry in the Gremyachinsky field of potassium salts in the Volgograd region. “I would like to avoid mistakes during the construction of the city, to create something competent, market,” said Vladimir Thorin, head of the public relations and communications department of Eurochem.
Although most participants in the event did not share the point of view of some specialists, that the only radical way to solve the problems of the single -industry towns is to close and complete resettlement of residents to other settlements, Oleg Voronin drew attention to the closing of entire areas. About 400 people remained in the Mamsko-Chuy district of the Irkutsk region. Closed the village of Beloziminsk. The same thing is most likely awaits four more monograms of the region.
The President of the New Eurasia Foundation Andrei Kortunov concluded that the problems of single -industry towns are only a reflection of all -Russian problems. “All of Russia is a single-industry with problems of diversification of the economy, infrastructure underdevelopment, paternalistic moods in society and the authorities,” said Mr. Kortunov under the discussion.
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- // 16.12.2009
- // 16.12.2009
- // 16.12.2009
- // 16.12.2009
- // 16.12.2009
