2018 vs 2019

What new deputies came up with and what laws will Russians live in 2019?

• Politically motivated criminal cases, torture in places of imprisonment, repressive laws, numerous protests - these are the brightest features of 2018.
• For the first half of the last year, more than 324,000 people were convicted in Russia, only 726 were justified.
• Judging by the activity of Russian deputies last year, the State Duma printer and in 2019 will work for wear.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: In 2018, Russian deputies worked without lingering their hands, inventing new laws for citizens. Some of them have already entered into force, and some will begin to act in 2019.

From January, Russia will begin to increase the retirement age, annually removing the retirement period for a year. The transition period should end in 2023, when most women working in Russia will be able to retire not earlier than 60 years old, and men - not earlier than 65. The first to feel changes in pension legislation by Russians born in 1959 and Russians born in 1964. In 2019, an increase in a pension for non -working pensioners will increase by a thousand rubles monthly.

From January 1, 2019, the minimum wage will increase. The increase will be from 117 rubles in the southern and central regions of the country up to 351 rubles in a number of northern regions. Unemployment benefits will also grow, the size of which has not changed in Russia since 2009. Now the maximum allowance will be eight thousand rubles, however, the deadlines for the payment of unemployment benefits for Russians will be significantly reduced. This, however, will not affect people of pre -retirement age: they will be able to receive unemployment benefits during the year.

VAT will also grow. From January 1, the value of value added tax will increase to 20%. The changes will not affect the tax on socially significant goods: products (except for delicacies), medicines, medical products, goods for children, as well as books and periodicals devoted to education, science and culture. The zero VAT rate will remain on flights to the Crimea (until the end of 2019) and indefinitely - to the Kaliningrad region.

Due to the growth of VAT, tariffs for housing and communal services in 2019 will indexate twice

Due to the growth of VAT, the tariffs for housing and communal services in 2019 will be indexed twice. From January 1, their cost will increase by 1.7%, and from July 1 - by another 2.4%. If you add these indices, you will get an amount for which on average housing and communal services tariffs were increased annually. But before, this was done only once a year.

By the way, from January 1, the service for the removal of household waste, the account for which the management company used to be issued, will become communal. The regional operator will have to pay separately for it. Private companies will be operators, and the regional authorities will be set by the garbage removal tariffs.

Since the beginning of 2019, for residents of the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, limits on duty-free import of goods for personal use from abroad have been reduced. Now those who enter ground transport will be required to pay a purchase fee, the cost of which exceeds 500 euros or if they weigh more than 25 kilograms. In the first case, the duty will be at least 30% of the cost of goods, in the second - four euros for each kilogram of the advantage.

The limit on duty-free import of goods purchased in online stores is halved-to 500 euros. The restrictions on weight do not change - 31 kilograms. The fee for the purchase over the limit will be the same as in the case of the transportation of ground transport. The changes will not affect the goods that will import into the EAEU countries by air. The fee from them, as before, needs to be paid only if the cost exceeds 10 thousand euros or weight - 50 kilograms.

Since the beginning of the year in Russia, only two types of country associations will be legitimate - a horticultural non -profit partnership and a garden non -profit partnership. Summer residents will have to gather and decide what unification to join - gardeners or gardeners. Gardeners will be able to build sheds, greenhouses and wells in their areas, gardeners - residential buildings in which they will be allowed to register. At the same time, those who have a house in gardening will not be registered as those in need of housing. People whose country houses are in settlements also do not apply. The law is recommended to study the law to everyone who does not want to lose a country house.

New rules are waiting for fishing lovers. Firstly, to catch some types of fish will have to receive nominal resolution. Secondly, submarine is prohibited using new technologies and the turnover of gill nets. However, amateur fishermen from Siberia and from the Far East can be fishing with nets, but only for their own needs, and the net will have to be marked and registered.

But there is also pleasant news. Since the beginning of the New Year, the valernik can be collected with impunity. He was equated with non -timing forest resources, and trees, branches and branches that fell to the ground were allowed to collect for free.

Judging by the activity of Russian deputies, who at the end of 2018 were funded by legislative initiatives, in 2019 the Printer of the State Duma will work for wear.

Investigators and judges also did not sit idle. In the first half of 2018, more than 324 thousand people were convicted in Russia, and 726 were justified. Most of the sentences were issued in cases of thefts - almost 60 thousand people were convicted of them.

But not these processes were in the spotlight. Says Natalya Dzhanpoladova.

"Theatrical business"

Kirill Serebrennikov in a bourgeois court

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: One of the main processes of 2018 is the trial of director Kirill Serebrennikov , who is accused of embezzlement of state money. The bourgeois court began to consider his case in November. In addition to the artistic director of the Gogol Center, several of his colleagues: the former producer of the Seventh Studio, Alexei Malobrodsky, general director of this organization Yuri Itin, as well as the former employee of the Ministry of Culture Sofya Apfelbaum. The investigation believes that in the period from 2011 to 2014, the director and colleagues stole more than 133 million rubles out of 216, allocated by the Ministry of Culture for the Platform Theater project. The defendants deny the guilt, they call the case absurd and believe that the investigators did not explain what exactly it was "not so" with the Platform project. " Only the accountant of the Seventh Studio admitted the guilt of Nina Maslyaeva - her case was allocated in a separate production.

Director Kirill Serebrennikov for a year and a half, under house arrest, released several performances, the film "Summer" and the ballet "Nureyev". The Association of Theater Critics recognized Serebrennikov as a "man of the year." Particular anxiety causes the state of health of Alexei Malobrodsky - the only one of the accused who spent 11 months in the pre -trial detention center. Now he is under the subscription about the lower room, but twice a year he went to the hospital with cardiological problems. The fate of the accused in this case will become clear in 2019.

"New Greatness" and "Network": adolescents under the sight of special services

Natalia Dzhanpoladova: The affairs of "New Greatness" and "Networks" have recently been mentioned exclusively in conjunction. Two different cases still at the investigation stage became resonant due to the conditions for the content of the accused and complaints of torture.

Anna Pavlikova in the Moscow City Court

Nobody knew about the organization called "New Greatness" until the spring of 2018, when it turned out that ten activists of the movement were arrested. Most of the accused were teenagers, among them were two girls - Anna Pavlikova and Maria Dubovik, who are not even 20 years old. In August, under the pressure of the public and the many thousands of "march of mothers" of girls who complained about serious health problems and unbearable conditions in jail, they were transferred under house arrest. Four accused remain in the insulator (this is Ruslan Kostylenkov, Vyacheslav Kryukov, Dmitry Poletaev and Peter Karamzin), six more under house arrest (in addition to Pavlikova and Dubovik, this is Maxim Roshchin, Rustam Rustamov, Pavel Rebrovsky and Sergey Gavrilov). Young people are accused of creating an extremist community, the purpose of which was to overthrow the constitutional system. According to the case file, a person under the nickname "Ruslan D." He suggested that activists convert the opposition chat into a political movement, wrote a political program and rented a premises for conducting "constituent assemblies". Later it became known that he was the informant of the special services.

Two different cases still at the investigation stage became resonant due to the conditions for the maintenance of the accused and complaints about torture

The so -called "network" was initiated at the end of 2017. For several months, 11 young people from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Omsk, Penza and Belarus (Yegor Zorin, Ilya Shakursky, Vasily Kuksov, Dmitry Pchelintsev, Andrey Chernov, Arman Sagynbaev, Viktor Filinkov, Igor Shishkin, Julius Boyarshinov, Mikhail Kulkov, Maxim Ivankin) were under arrest. They were accused of creating a network terrorist organization, which, according to special services, planned terrorist attacks during the presidential election and the World Cup to destabilize the situation in the country. Most of the arrested first agreed with the accusations, but then stated that they gave conference to torture. Viktor Filinkov, Igor Shishkin, Ilya Shakursky and Dmitry Pchelintsev said that they were tortured by a stamper, fastened to a red -hot battery, threatened and beaten.

Parents of the accused in both cases demand to stop the pursuit of their children. They are convinced that these affairs fabricated the special services. It was for such a position that at the end of 2018 the human rights activist Leo Ponomarev was arrested for 16 days, his associates were convinced - he actively defends the interests of the accused in the case of the “new greatness” and the case of the “network”.

Oyub Titiev: 180 grams of marijuana

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: Since the summer of 2018, the head of the local human rights center "Memorial" by Oyub Titiyev has been underway in the Shalinsky Court of the Chechen Republic. He is accused of buying and storing large -scale drugs. In January 2018, the police detained Titieva, 180 grams of marijuana were found in his car, and since then he has been in custody. Lawyers claim that there are a lot of inconsistencies in police officers. The human rights activist himself denies the prosecution. According to him, drugs were thrown to him, and the case was opened at the direction of the Chechen authorities to prevent the work of the "memorial" in the region. The sentence to Oyub Titiev should be announced in early 2019.

Battle for Telegram: Continuation should

Natalia Dzhanpoladova: The Telegram messenger in 2018was banned . In April, the Tagan court of Moscow satisfied the requirement of Roskomnadzor to block the service. For several months, the Federal Security Service has achieved from the creators of the messenger of the transfer of the encryption keys to them. The authorities are convinced that “extremists and terrorists” use Telegram, and they disseminate information that can harm people's life and health. The Telegram leadership refused to comply with the requirements of the special services, referring to the Constitution of Russia, which guarantees the secret of correspondence, and that it is technically impossible to convey the encryption keys. In the first days after the ban on the messenger, Roskomnadzor mistakenly blocked millions of other IP addresses, as a result of which hundreds of sites were injured. Telegram in Russia is still working. But in 2019, it seems, the confrontation between the messenger and the authorities will continue.

Yuri Dmitriev: The excuse has not passed

Yuri Dmitriev

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: For the head of the Karelian “Memorial”, Yuri Dmitrieva, 2018 began with good news: in April, the Petrozavodsky court justified him on charges of making children's pornography and appointed a restriction of freedom on charges of storing weapons - an old rifle, which the historian, as he claims, brought excavation. However, in the summer, the Supreme Court of Karelia canceled the acquittal, the case was sent for a new consideration. A few days later, Yuri Dmitriev, one of the researchers of the largest burial for the victims of political repression in Karelia - the Sandarmokh memorial cemetery, was again arrested. This time he was accused of violent acts of a sexual nature in relation to the adopted daughter.

Criminal prosecution is aimed at ensuring that Dmitriev stops human rights activities, as well as to discredit the Memorial Society

At the very end of December 2018, the Petrozavodsk court began to consider this case. The historian extended the arrest until March, he faces up to 20 years in prison. Dmitriev’s supporters are sure that criminal prosecution is aimed at ceasing his human rights activities, as well as to discredit the Memorial Society.

Mikhail Benyash: #Zaadvokatamatov

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: This hashtag appeared in the Russian network in the middle of the fall - as a response to the work of the Kuban lawyer Mikhail Benyash. On September 9, when Benyash was traveling to defend the detainees against promotions against raising the retirement age, he himself was detained, and then arrested for 14 days for calls to participate in an inconsistent campaign and for the resistance of the police. Before the lawyer had time to leave the special receiver, a criminal case was opened against him - under an article on violence against the police - and sent to the pre -trial detention center. According to investigators, during the detention of September 9, Benyash bit his hand and hit the police. The lawyer denied the guilt and stated that in the car the police beat him. A few days later, the second case was opened against Mikhail Benyash - under the article on obstruction of justice: he was bothering with the judge and conducted an unauthorized audio recording.

Mikhail Benyash

The case of Mikhail Benyash was an example of the unprecedented solidarity of the legal community: in court, 19 lawyers from six regions of Russia represented his interests. Almost four hundred colleagues put their signatures under the appeal to the Federal Chamber of Lawyers with a request to investigate the attack on Mikhail Benyash. In October, the Kuban lawyer was released from the investigative insulator on bail of 600 thousand rubles - he was introduced by the Krasnodar Chamber of Lawyers. In December, it became known that the case of obstruction of the justice was terminated, but Mikhail Benyash was still waiting for a trial on charges of attacking police officers.

FSIN in Yaroslavl: from a colony to a pre -trial detention center

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: The most sensational case of torture against prisoners was initiated against employees of the Federal Punishment Service of the Yaroslavl Region in the summer of 2018. They are accused of excess of official powers. The reason was the publication of video from colony No. 1 of Yaroslavl, on which several men in the form beat the prisoner Evgeny Makarov with battles on the back and legs and periodically water it with water to enhance pain. In September, it became known that the case was also instituted in the use of torture in colony No. 8. The accusations were charged with 15 FSIN employees, 14 of them are in jail, one under house arrest. At the end of December, the court extended them a preventive measure until March 2019. Most of them pleaded guilty.

And several more noticeable stories of 2018

Natalya Dzhanpoladova: In February, the former governor of the Kirov region Nikita Belykh was convicted of eight years of colony: he was found guilty of receiving a bribe. White, who complained about serious health problems, is serving a sentence in a maximum security colony in the Ryazan region.

In the summer of 2018, the "Case of Three Sisters" was actively discussed. Christina, Angelina and Maria Khachaturian are accused of killing their father, Mikhail Khachaturian, whose body was found with a dozen stab wounds. According to the girls, for many years they have been under hard pressure on his part. The sisters spent several months in jail, at the end of September they were released.

The New Year in the pre -trial detention center is celebrated by Russian football players Alexander Kokorin and Pavel Mamaev, whose arrest attracted the attention of the largest Russian media. They are accused of hooliganism by prior conspiracy and beatings - according to investigators, on October 8 they beat the driver of the leading Channel One and two federal officials.

At the end of the year, 24 Ukrainian sailors were delivered to the Russian investigatives of Lefortovo and Sailor Silence. They were detained on November 25 in the Black Sea and accused of illegally crossing the border. Sailors do not plead guilty and consider themselves prisoners of war. A team of 34 lawyers will protect the arrested.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: In 2018, a quarter of a century of the current Constitution of Russia was fulfilled. And I represent the TOP-5 topics regarding human rights in Russia, which, according to the team of the "person have the right", caused the greatest resonance in 2018.

Torture

In the summer of 2018, thanks to the employees of the Public Verdict Foundation , which unveiled the shocking video torture in one of the Yaroslavl colonies, federal channels were also talking about the problem of mockery of prisoners. The FSIN leadership was forced to make excuses for the actions of his subordinates and the beginning of large -scale inspections of correctional institutions.

The fight against extremism

Numerous courts for posts and likes on social networks, Telegram blocking and even prohibition of concerts of artists popular among youth - so in 2018 in Russia they decided to win extremism.

Retirement age

Large -scale protest rallies did not help those citizens of Russia who opposed raising the retirement age. The Central Election Commission did not let the popular referendum on this matter, and the deputies, senators and president of voters did not hear. The retirement age will begin to be raised already in 2019. Five years later, most Russian women will be able to retire no earlier than 60 years, and most men are not earlier than 65.

Garbage wars

К концу года митинги жителей, протестующих против роста мусорных свалок, перекинулись из Подмосковья на север страны. В Архангельской и Мурманской областях, куда чиновники решили вывозить московский мусор, люди протестуют. Они не хотят принимать на себя "мусорный удар".

Сексуальные домогательства

В этом году чуть ли не впервые в современной истории России всерьез заговорили о харассменте. Это произошло после того, как сразу несколько журналисток обвинили председателя Комитета Госдумы по международным делам Леонида Слуцкого в сексуальных домогательствах. В любой европейской стране, США и Канаде против депутата тотчас бы начали, по меньшей мере, служебное расследование. But not in Russia.

Таким команда программы "Человек имеет право" увидела 2018 год. Мы остаемся с вами и в 2019-м: будем рассказывать ваши истории и разбираться в том, как действовать, если ваши права нарушают.