The muck is rare. In the suburbs they decided to destroy the hogweed with fines

Starting September 1, fines for land owners who do not clean the hogweed from their plots are introduced in the Moscow region. From 2 to 5 thousand rubles it will be necessary to pay to private individuals, from 20 to 50 to officials and from 150 thousand to 1 million rubles to legal entities. The idea of fines for the non -concern of the hogweed causes an ambiguous reaction among the landowners and experts near Moscow.

The revenge of Stalin

The hracleum sosnovsky hogweed is a large plant that reaches four meters in height, it usually lives from 2 to 7 years, then blooms, gives about 20 thousand seeds and dies. Borshshik seeds are very easily sprouted even on poor soil and in almost any Russian climatic conditions - this is one of the reasons why this unpleasant plant captured 15 percent of the natural landscapes of the European part of Russia - more than a million hectares, and the offensive does not stop. To cultivate Sosnovsky’s hogweed as cattle began in the USSR in the post -war years: it was assumed that this would help the rapid restoration of agriculture (in Eastern Europe the nickname "Stalin's Revenge" was assigned to the plant), but it quickly turned out that animals eat borshshik without a large hunt, the milk has a bitter in taste, and even the juice of the plant has photoxo juice, but also photoxo, but also photoxo, but also photoxo, but also photoxo, but also mutagenic properties. Borshshik ceased to cultivate, but it was too late - he began to spread himself, especially with the beginning of perestroika, when many previously cultivated lands were empty.

Due to the enormous size, Sosnovsky’s hogweed suppresses the growth of other plants and easily captures the empty fields, it grows a lot and along the roads-the seeds are well spread by car wheels. But the problem is that this is not just a weed, but the weed is quite dangerous: the hogger juice, which has fallen on the skin or mucous membranes, deprives the cell of protection from ultraviolet radiation - this can lead to severe burns, and sometimes even blindness.

However, there are those who consider the danger of hogweed exaggerated. The head of the public organization "Gardeners of Russia" Andrei Tumanov is sure that this is largely a myth:

I repeatedly naked on the camera rubbed the leaves of hogweed. And ate it: Rare nasty things

- On the back of the leaves of hogweed there are furocomarins, substances that remove from the skin protection against ultraviolet rays. So the burns do not occur from the hogweed, but from the sun. You just need to know. You will not climb naked in nettle? So it is not necessary to climb naked into the hogweed, and then stand in the sun. In past years, for different television channels, I have repeatedly naked on the camera rubbed over the leaves of hogweed. And ate it: the nasty thing, you can’t spare it away, but they cannot be poisoned, ”says Tumanov.

Others see even potential benefits in the hogweed: “I’m chasing the moonshine from the juice of hogweed, the glucose content has the same with sugar beets and sugarcane. You can make biofuel from it,” the farmer Mikhail Shlyapnikov convinces.

Indeed, hogweed is not necessarily weeds, it is used in beekeeping as a medosos plant, as a raw material for the paper and chemical industry, there are modern hogweed technologies that still allow it to use it for livestock feed: the task with which Soviet agriculture has not been cope with. But for this, of course, a million hectares do not need.

Budget costs

- Everyone sees that the hogweed is growing every year exponentially. The struggle complicates the fact that hogweed keeps his seeds in the ground for five to six years. The regional program to combat marmage will be prolonged in the following years, otherwise it will be money thrown to the wind, ”says Radio Liberty Alexander Volnushkin , deputy of the Moscow Regional Duma.

Last year, State Duma deputies from the Committee on Agrarian issues called for the creation of a federal program for the fight against hogweed, but this proposal has not yet been implemented. In many areas there are regional programs for the destruction of hogweed. This year, the most “dear” program in Russia began in the Moscow region: only for 2018, 298 million rubles were allocated.

- Municipalities are engaged in the destruction of hogweed, receiving serious subsidies from the regional government. But there is no way to remove it from private land plots. Therefore, it is necessary to force the owners to destroy it - so Volnushkin explains the need for fines.

Inspectors of municipal land control will be fixed in private areas. The interlocutor of Radio Liberty in Rosreestr noted that the inspectors have many ways to do this: from conducting checks or examinations in the presence of the owner of the site to filming from the air.

The press service of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Moscow Region did not comment on Radio Liberty, but suggested contacting the materials published on the website of the ministry.

From these publications it follows that, first of all, hogweed in the Moscow region was destroyed along the tracks, along which teams of teams - participants in the World Cup. The Moscow region is ready to compensate to private landowners with funds spent on the destruction of hogweed - 18 thousand rubles per hectare, but 54 million rubles were allocated for such subsidies. This year in the Moscow region it is planned to destroy 18 thousand hectares of Borschevik, but at the end of June the authorities reported on the destruction of hogweed only one thousand hectares.

"How to fools"

The Chairman of the Ecology Committee of Business Russia, businessman Ildar Neverov believes that the idea of fines for the hogweed is understandable: if taxpayers are spent on the destruction of hogweed in public places, and the hogweed will remain in private areas, and the seeds will continue to spread, efforts will not make sense. But, according to Neverov, it is not clear how all this will be realized.

They removed the unemployed from the labor exchange, they go, stick it with sticks so that there is no way out of the road, thus spreading the seeds even more

- In our Yegoryevsky district, 17 million rubles were allocated to fight Borschevik. What is done? They waited until the hogweed dries, the seeds would scatter. Now they removed the unemployed from the labor exchange, they go, stick it with sticks so that there is no one can see from the road, thus spreading the seeds even more. Then the tractor will be soldered from above: the germination of hogweed will be even better for the next year, ”says farmer Shlyapnikov, who, however, agrees that the compensation that the authorities of the Moscow Region offer for the destruction of hogweed on private lands is adequate.

Andrei Tumanov also doubts the effectiveness of control over the implementation of the law:

-During my life, I did not see a single controller who would come to the summer residents and controlled something. Let's see in a year: they will forget about fines for the hogweed, they will not work, ”he suggests.

- I, too, have never seen any land controllers in garden partnerships. How will the reporting of fines be recruited? You can assume, for example, as follows: one summer resident will be tapped to a neighbor, with whom a bad relationship is that he has a hogweed on the site. Or they will be fined by village grandmothers, who do not have enough health to care for their plots, ”suggests the hostess of the country near Moscow Catherine .

- This is an attitude towards people as fools who can only be scared by punishments. On the part of the authorities there is no educational work about the danger of hogweed. How will ordinary people destroy it? Borshshik does not immediately become a “giant with umbrellas”, at different stages of his height he looks different, not everyone knows about this, ”says Dmitry , the owner of the cottage in the Moscow Region.

- There should be fines, but this is not the first to start. There is no knowledge about this weed and understanding how to deal with it. I do not see any educational component in the project to combat Borshshik in the Moscow region, ”says Natalya Dronova , the head of the non -profit project" Borschevik factory ".

Dronova says that there are 70 species of hogweed, there are only a few dangerous of them - city residents know especially little about this: "Who will determine that it is precisely Heracleum Sosnovsky?" She asks.

Abandoned land

- The feedback mechanism with society was not invented. If the society self -organized to fight the hogweed, we would have been a neighbor who did not remove him, without fines forced him. Or they themselves would be removed from his site, ”Shlyapnikov suggests.

The farmer tried to take the initiative in the field of the fight against hogweed, but did not succeed:

- I tried three years ago to scream about this topic, I invited journalists. I squeezed out the hogweed from my site, and the neighbors did not fight: we understand everything, but there are not enough hands, there is not enough money, then, then, ”he says.

- Every day I have been traveling to horticultural partnerships, over the past 15 years I have not seen a hogweed in any of them. It is enough to mow it three, four, five times every year - and it will not be. I just arrived from the Baltic states, there was also this problem there, but they solved it without any laws - they began to regularly rely the roadsides of the roads, says Tumanov. - Borshshik - a plant of abandoned territories. It grows either where the owner does not plow or sow, or along the roads, supposedly on a draw. In fact, part of this land belongs to the road economy, part to the forestry. Our land is not clear whose hands. There are some lands that someone bought as an investment of money. Something banks took away for unpaid loans. A lot of land, which from the means of production has turned into a means of savings and is empty. She is overgrown with hogweed.

According to Tumanov, the fines "for the hogweed" will help to get rid of the hogweed, but the sanctions to the owners of the land for its non -use. Also, a possible option for fogs considers the redemption from the population of the “green mass of hogweed by analogy with scrap metal”: “You will find at least one lying piece of iron now? Everything is collected.”