Programs - Seventh Continent

Today's program will open the material of Alexander Kostinsky about the "National Electronic Library" - the first of the series dedicated to extensive storage of information on the network.

Then Oleg Rodin will tell about the website of Grigory Belonuchkina "Politics".

Radio "Freedom", the program "Seventh Continent". Alexander Kostinsky tells about the "National Electronic Library".

Kostinsky

Digital technologies quickly change the information market. The exchange time of exchange for almost any form and filling with messages decreased to a few seconds.

The most diverse information was located on the universal web nodes and began to belong to all residents of the network.

But there is another undoubted achievement of the information revolution - the creation of super -large digital massifs and a full -text search in them. This will lead, in our opinion, in the very near future to the emergence of new methods of studying and managing mass consciousness.

In the next programs, we will talk about three such arrays, the most voluminous information resources of the Russian Internet. This is the National Electronic Library, the Information Project Garant Park and the Integum project of Integum - Techno.

Each of them has their own achievements and features, its own curious story. Starting in different ways, they find many common features in the development.

Let's start with a project called "National Electronic Library". More precisely, it would be called the "electronic library of Russian -language media." Since newspapers, magazines, analytical reports, texts of television and radio programs are entered in the digital data bank, but fiction does not include fiction in all its varieties. For the brevity of the media, we will be called further - the media.

The project arose five years ago, when Kommersant's publishing house created the National News Service. With it, the digital archive of the domestic press began to form. Two years ago, the news service fell asleep with a lethargic sleep, leaving the electronic library its memorable name www.nns.ru. According to the first letters of English words: National News Service. Now the library is a resource independent of parents with their own commercial life.

Now the "National Electronic Library" is the largest digital archive of the Russian -speaking media. It has more than four million documents. Every day it grows on average by seven thousand texts that come from 300 - 400 media. The total number of sources is more than two thousand.

It must be clarified that an independent document of the electronic library is not a newspaper or a journal, but a separate article. Such a division is reasonable, given the texts of the radio and the body of the programs, where often with a round -the -clock flow of information, it is simply impossible to highlight a reasonable larger storage unit.

One of the main features of the library is that it collects all Russian -speaking texts. What is valuable, its contents are not only the central, but also the regional press. With a decrease in the circulations of Moscow publications, their influence decreased. The archives allow you to see the country of the last five years entirely and in motion. And to see not only from the inside, but also outside. The most dynamic segment of the National Electronic Library project has now become a foreign Russian -speaking press. And not only from countries - fragments of the Soviet Union. It is also replenished with publications of all waves of Russian emigration.

An important advantage of the team, which creates the library, was the stream line of newspaper scanning and recognition. This allows you to transfer not only modern publications, but newspapers and magazines of past years into a machine -readable digital. The line is equipped with expensive industrial scanners that process the whole newspaper strip. A third of modern publications entering the library has to be translated into electronic form. But they represent a significant part of the Russian life, and without them the archive will be incomplete. The possession of the streaming line of digitization promises fundamental advantages. "National Electronic Library" can move back in time. Now in the plans to flash several key publications the entire Soviet-Bolshevik segment of Russian history. If it turns out, move further deep into it.

But most of the materials forming the library come already in digital form, and the information suppliers require the identity of paper and digital options. After all, almost all Internet versions of famous publications are significantly different from the printed original.

A natural question arises. Why collect all this heterogeneous and multi -level material together? Does the unification appear at least some qualitatively new understanding?

Let us recall the "American" of Vail and Genis. Only eight years ago they wrote: “The news is always fresh, the news is always the latter. We live exclusively in today's day. There is only a lot of what is happening now. The momentary is dictated to us a discrete picture of the world. Who will be in the head of reading the old newspaper? And tomorrow does not exist at all. The whole past and the future should fit on the day today” (end of the quote).

It is remarkable that now you can object to the authors of the Russian "Americans" and firmly answer - yes, the old newspapers will read if they fall into accessible digital archives. A new understanding that we asked about arises when using a full -text search throughout the database. This means that when searching, everything is visible to a single word of all texts without exception.

A full -text search extracts everything that is involved in the topic of interest to us from the “temporary tape”. It is indifferent to the political orientation of publications. He sews all the information and time space into a single fabric. The documents that have entered the well -known electronic archive always remain relevant. He returns our memory. It retains the breadth and horizon of opinions, which is so important with an all -winging dependence of the media.

The first consequence is an heightened attitude to polemic articles and unverified facts. Now you cannot but answer the charge. It lays down on the accused and lies. Direct lies, manipulations with numbers, designed for momentary effects, are now not protected by defects in our memory and are waiting in the wings, like a patient on the operating table.

Another promising achievement is a frequency analysis of the use of words and language constructions in the media. In our opinion, his role in linguistics, social psychology and sociology will increase immeasurably. The fact is that the frequency dictionary of the Russian language has not yet been created, which would reflect its real state. The old dictionaries had a small base, which allows them to be called only the frequency dictionary of several Soviet newspapers. Now, having a billion two hundred million words, you can with sufficient completeness build a common frequency dictionary of Russian -speaking media. But is it worth creating a single dictionary of domestic and foreign press, newspapers and television. Maybe it would be more interesting to create several dictionaries? After all, the dynamics of usage is much less controlled than the political orientation of materials. This is so important, in our opinion, the topic that it is worth returning to her later again.

Here are two not very strict, but indicative examples of the use of frequency analysis. They were brought by Valery Bardin, the development director of the National Electronic Library. After the economic crisis of August 17 last year, the frequency of references to three concepts increased sharply. Soap. Salt. Matches. This is all the more interesting that it was these three products that the Russian rural community did not produce, but received from the outside. And therefore, it was they who were not enough during periods of cataclysms frequent in our history. Interestingly, during the development of the crisis, Moscow was more worried about matches, St. Petersburg - soap, and the regions - salt.

But the famous domestic problem of fools and roads. Fools are more concerned about capital journalists, and the rest of the country's residents are roads.

Access to the main array of information on the Internet node of the National Electronic Library Paid. The reader must register and pay an advance on forty dollars. He receives a password and requests the necessary documents on the Internet. Search by the word or group of keywords costs 40 cents. Since September, it will be free. After looking at the headlines, you can get acquainted with the necessary texts. For each you must also pay 40 cents. Money is withdrawn from the account automatically. Several publications did not agree with the general price policy and established a higher price for their articles. But the user will learn about this in advance.

There are free resources on the site. Having an information base at hand, the National Electronic Library creates its own popular product: daily reviews of the central, regional and foreign press. According to the rating of the popularity of Rambler, they stand high, often entering the first three. Another interesting site was the Crossroads section, where, according to the authors, “media articles are clearly or hidden by polemic. The topics are interesting, the attitude to which is not determined from the society, or is radically changing at the moment” (end of the quote). Many will probably like the section "Interview of the Week", where you can find out from first -hand the opinions of people whose names "by ear".

The section "Analytical materials" deserves attention. They relate to political, economic, social processes, national security and the sphere of political science. Here, institutions and firms place their reviews. Detailed preparation of key modern problems with different tools on the common area will be interesting to many. In addition, it will help to navigate the analytical services market.

From the "National News Service" the library inherited the archive of the personalities of leading Russian politicians remained. With small additions, it is at the 1997 level, but it has interesting details of the recent past.

And yet, we believe that the biggest surprises are waiting for the one who decides to independently turn all over the all of the accumulated information, finding the appearance and development of many new concepts in the media, and the departure into the shadow of the old ones. And then, using sociological measurements, observe how the language and representations of readers, viewers and radio listeners change after this. And that means our life.

Oleg Rodin will talk about the website of Grigory Belonchkina "Politics".

Rodin

In the materials of the Seventh Continent program, we have already addressed the political pages of the Russian Internet. Today we propose to get to know each other in more detail with one of the most informative sources in the Politics section: this is the site of Grigory Belonchkina, which is called "Politics and has the address" www.cityline.ru/politika ". By the number of references to all kinds of online addresses, probably the site" Politics "occupies one of the first places in the Russian computer network and opens its main page" References among them. Among them are the press service of the President and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the main information agencies, sites of some parties and personal pages of several famous politicians, the Internet forums, in particular, are mentioned, dedicated to human rights and posted on the pages of the Russian journal on the Internet, relevant problems of our society such as licensing on the Internet, and the introduction of the time for time, which painfully beats the Russian users of the World Wide Web, secret control of special services for Russian information networks and so on.

Belonuchochkin’s site “Politics” directly from the main page of DEPENSITY to users to gain access to information sources (as well as the addresses of the corresponding web-nurses of the Presidential Administration and the Government of Russia, the Council of the Federation and the State Duma, the Constitutional Court, the Commissioner for Human Rights, the Accounts Chamber, the Central Election Commission and the Central Bank of Russia, and the latter can be sent to the latter by e-mail. Questions and tips on the country's output from the economic crisis.

“Since the end of 1997 - early 1998,” said Grigory Belonuchkin, “in the Russian political vocabulary with the light hand of people such as Boris Berezovsky, Boris Nemtsov and others, the words“ oligarchy ”and“ oligarchs ”were rooted as a group of citizens and organizations owning and disposing of the shares of industrial enterprises, the media and banking capital of Russia. In the spring of 1998 on the site on the site. In the spring of 1998 on the site on the site Nemtsova worked as a theme of Russia: the oligarchy or democracy? ”Some forum participants have expressed the fact that they do not know what the oligarchs possess and who are at all, although they are all bad and they must be fought popularly in response to the wishes of the workers from May 5, 1998 on the“ Political ”website. Mentioned as oligarchs by private banking and raw financial and industrial groups in the register from the very beginning, 2 state (semi-state) financial and industrial groups were included: the Russian Federation and Moscow can get acquainted with the collected user.

Grigory Belonuchkin’s information about the new owners of the former property of the former state called the "Soviet Union". Even such a market entity as the Russian Federation as a whole was considered: as its managers are designated: president, chairman of the government, his first deputy, Minister of Finance, Chairman of the Central Bank, Minister of State Property, Managing Presidential Affairs. You can understand the foundations of the banking structure and the distribution of ownership of strategic resources, in particular, oil. From the contents of this page it becomes clear to whom, according to the compiler of the Politician site, now, say, Gazprom or Aeroflot, RAO UES of Russia or Demnivvest now belongs; how great the share of foreign property in the largest Russian companies; What are the external debts of Russia and under whose guarantees they fall; who owns the media, newspapers, radio and television in Russia; What is disposed of the metropolitan city hall led by manager Yuri Luzhkov; How Russian banks arose; As enterprising owners became oligarchs and so on. There are on the site "Politics" pages dedicated to the work of the Accounts Chamber: a list of many checks conducted by it has appeared, although the results of the Gazprom check are still available on the Internet. If that which is reported here really corresponds to reality, it is found that the existing legislation does not provide for the provision of the right to transfer trust management of property that are in federal property, and this question the situation in accordance with the disposal of Gazprom by part of its largest shareholders. However, with legal aspects, we will provide to specialists to deal with. Let's see what is still interesting for Internet users on the Belonuchkin website. And there is a page with the strange name of "I------h", "Little Russian Hierarchical Index with a noticeable political bias", as the subtitle reads. This is to help regular visitors to the Internet - “signs and look”, catalogs and links, addresses and lists of conferences, world web resources, sorted by politics and society, culture and science, law and regions, Internet and business, authorities and the media. Naturally, for our transmission, information on the Internet is most curious: you can get acquainted with the legislation, somehow related to the World Computer network, there is data on computers and modems, about providers in various Russian cities, about electronic libraries on the Internet, about parties and popular sites. There is a link to the "Politics" section of the well -known search engine Rambler, which determines the rating of various sites, in particular, political topics. There are tips - how to find people on the Internet or a universal converter of Russian encodings, and so on.

It seems that it was not for me that the oversaturation of the political theme of the Russian Internet in comparison with information nodes in other countries was striking. Apparently, as the Duma and presidential elections approached, the activity of the political pages of the Russian computer network will increase even more and we will carefully observe this process, including with the help of the site of Grigory Belonchkin's Politics.