1949: NATO born

Of the events of 1949, 9 out of 15 experts and readers chose the creation of the organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO). This happened on April 4, when representatives of 12 states - the USA, Canada, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Portugal, Italy, Norway and Iceland signed a North Atlantic Treaty in Washington. The law of the jungle from the North Atlantic Treaty: "In the case of an armed attack on one of the countries participating in the contract, each country ... will help it by immediate adoption of all necessary measures, including the use of armed force." From the newspaper "Wall Street Jornal" dated April 5, 1949: "Atlantic pact practically reduces the principles of the United Nations to zero. He again makes military power a decisive factor in international relations ... We do not condemn this, because we believe that the" Jungle Law "that underlies the Atlantic Pact is better in the current situation than the abstractly humane principles of the UN." The marching prime minister from the Memorandum of the USSR Government of March 31, 1949: "The North Atlantic Treaty was sent against the USSR, as well as against the countries of popular democracy." From the English newspaper Times of September 12, 1949: "countries that have entered the North Atlantic Union establish military cooperation and weapons. However, they have to admit that the main factor that protects their independence is the military power of the United States. The other day, Belgian Prime Minister Aiskens confirmed this recognition, having made a visit to the American military base. The prime minister was interested in the preparation of the soldiers and even marched with them on the parade ground, which, during his complexion, made a comical impression. " From the speech of the US President Truman in Congress on July 25, 1949: "We are supposed to provide NATO countries with military assistance to three types: to transfer to them all types of modern weapons with the exception of the atomic; provide them with loans to expand military production; send American military and civilian specialists to these countries." At first, half a step before the war was the main trump card of NATO in a military-political confrontation atomic bomb. However, on August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union announced that he also had atomic weapons. Soon the West was inflicted on another psychological blow: on October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of People's Republic was proclaimed in Beijing. From an interview with Winston Churchill, the Daily Telegraph newspaper on October 15, 1949: "In the hands of the Communists was a third of the population of the globe, inexhaustible human and natural resources ... Democratic countries are in the face of a mortal threat." It was decided to include West Germany in the European defense system. On September 20, 1949, the western zones of occupation united in the Federal Republic of Germany. Soon, the German Democratic Republic arose in the Soviet zone. The split Germany became the front edge of the confrontation of the two systems. From the National Security report of the United States for 1949: “America, being the world's largest free country, has moral and political right to protect freedom around the world and arm itself to exercise this right ... unlike the Soviet Union, which is added to a service of 13.8 percent of its GDP, the expenses of the United States for these purposes are only 6-7 percent. In the coming years, we should increase this figure to 20 percent and get the same from our same Allies ". In 1949 - 1954 The United States pledged to guarantee the security of 64 countries of the world and provided them with military assistance for $ 17 billion. At different points of the globe, 675 military bases were created, where there were more than a million American soldiers. The arms race between the two blocks lasted 40 years. ... And yet the Warsaw Pact collapsed by Boris Halosha, an academician of the Academy of Military Sciences March in the afternoon of 1949, I, a diplomatic student of the Moscow Institute of International Relations, went to visit my fellow student. And suddenly I saw on the street stand near the Kyiv station the number of the newspaper Pravda with an arshin heading. I stuck to the stand and did not move away until I read the statement of the Soviet government on the creation of the North Atlantic block. On that day, my friend and I at his house were violently discussing this document. It was absolutely clear to us that this event means a new stage in the confrontation of the East and West. And in fact, the Cold War from that moment went on a new round and rushed in full swing ... There was a sensational moment in this war: the note of the Soviet government dated March 31, 1954. It spoke about the possibility of the Soviet Union entering NATO. It was emphasized that if the USSR were accepted into the North Atlantic block and thus all former participants in the anti -Hitler coalition would become its participants, this would significantly change the nature of NATO. She would lose a pronounced anti -Soviet character. This statement made the impression of an exploding bomb in the West. Some NATO figures were inclined at that moment to start the relevant consultations with the USSR. But the position of the “hawks” prevailed, who believed that there was a struggle not to life, but for death, and in no case should I allow slack. Therefore, the USSR was forced to return a step. In May 1955, the Warsaw Treaty was created. I worked in his system as a consultant and I remember what titanic efforts were made on the eve of his breakdown in order to save him. I proposed supplementing the contract with non -union aspects and thereby save. This was not done properly, and the Warsaw block collapsed. In NATO, non -military aspects have been actively developing since 1956. And by the beginning of the discharge of international tension, an extensive non -unit infrastructure (a system of political consultations, parliamentary assemblies, economic mutual assistance, etc.) helped this coalition adapt to new conditions and - survive. Along with activities in the military and political regions, NATO began to pay great attention to the numerous non -universe - humanitarian, environmental, scientific and other - programs. This field of activity has turned into one of the important foundations of the development of cooperation between the NATO participants, Russia and other CIS countries with the organization of the North Atlantic Treaty. Many aspects of NATO activity are attractive and promising. For example, the program "Science for the world". In the mid -nineties, an agreement was concluded on the retraining of eight hundred thousand of Russian troops dismissed from the army. Retraining expenses took on NATO. I spoke about this, speaking in 1998 at an international conference dedicated to the anniversary of the fundamental act of relations between Russia and NATO. The conference participants - politicians, military, scientists, both of our and on the NATO side, agreed that the NATO NEO Cooperation of Russia and NATO has a tremendous significance today ... it was about the possibilities missed in the confrontation and east. They can be considered a reserve for the development of our relations.

Law of the jungle

From the North Atlantic Treaty:

"In the event of an armed attack on one of the countries participating in the contract, each country ... will help it by immediate adoption of all necessary measures, including the use of armed force."

From the newspaper "Wall Street Jornal" on April 5, 1949:

"The Atlantic Pact practically reduces the principles of the United Nations to zero. It again makes military power a decisive factor in international relations ... We do not condemn this, since we believe that the" Jungle Law ", which underlies the Atlantic Covenant, is better in the current situation than the abstractly human principles of the UN."

Marching prime minister

From the Memorandum of the Government of the USSR of March 31, 1949:

"The North Atlantic Treaty was sent against the USSR, as well as against the countries of popular democracy."

From the English newspaper "Times" of September 12, 1949:

"The countries that have entered the North Atlantic Union establish military cooperation and the production of weapons. However, they have to admit that the main factor that protects their independence is now, the military power of the United States. The other day, Belgian Prime Minister Eiskens confirmed this recognition, making a visit to the American military base. The premiere was interested in the preparation of the soldiers and even marched with them according to them The parade ground that made a comic impression during its complexion. "

From the speech of US President Truman in Congress July 25, 1949:

"We intend to provide NATO countries with military assistance to three types: to transfer to them all types of modern weapons with the exception of the atomic; provide them with loans to expand military production; send American military and civilian specialists to these countries."

Half a step before the war

At first, the main trump card of NATO in the military-political confrontation was an atomic bomb. However, on August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union announced that he also had atomic weapons. Soon the West was inflicted on another psychological blow: on October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of People's Republic was proclaimed in Beijing.

From an interview with Winston Churchill, the Daily Telegraph newspaper on October 15, 1949:

"In the hands of the Communists was a third of the population of the globe, inexhaustible human and natural resources ... Democratic countries are in the face of a deadly threat."

It was decided to include West Germany in the European defense system. On September 20, 1949, the western zones of occupation united in the Federal Republic of Germany. Soon, the German Democratic Republic arose in the Soviet zone. The split Germany became the front edge of the confrontation of the two systems.

From the US National Security Report for 1949:

"America, being the world's largest free country, has a moral and political right to protect freedom around the world and arm themselves to exercise this right ... Unlike the Soviet Union, which is on weapons of 13.8 percent of its GDP, the US expenses for these purposes are only 6-7 percent. In the coming years, we must increase this figure to 20 percent and achieve the same from our allies."

In 1949 - 1954 The United States pledged to guarantee the security of 64 countries of the world and provided them with military assistance for $ 17 billion. At different points of the globe, 675 military bases were created, where there were more than a million American soldiers. The arms race between the two blocks lasted 40 years.

... And yet the Warsaw Pact collapsed

Boris Halosha, Academician of the Academy of Military Sciences

The March Day of 1949, I, a diplomatic student of the Moscow Institute of International Relations, went to visit my fellow student. And suddenly I saw on the street stand near the Kyiv station the number of the newspaper Pravda with an arshin heading. I stuck to the stand and did not move away until I read the statement of the Soviet government on the creation of the North Atlantic block. On that day, my friend and I at his house were violently discussing this document. It was absolutely clear to us that this event means a new stage in the confrontation of the East and West. And in fact, the Cold War from that moment went on a new round and rushed in full swing ... There was a sensational moment in this war: the note of the Soviet government dated March 31, 1954. It spoke about the possibility of the Soviet Union entering NATO. It was emphasized that if the USSR were accepted into the North Atlantic block and thus all former participants in the anti -Hitler coalition would become its participants, this would significantly change the nature of NATO. She would lose a pronounced anti -Soviet character. This statement made the impression of an exploding bomb in the West. Some NATO figures were inclined at that moment to start the relevant consultations with the USSR. But the position of the “hawks” prevailed, who believed that there was a struggle not to life, but for death, and in no case should I allow slack. Therefore, the USSR was forced to return a step. In May 1955, the Warsaw Treaty was created. I worked in his system as a consultant and I remember what titanic efforts were made on the eve of his breakdown in order to save him. I proposed supplementing the contract with non -union aspects and thereby save. This was not done properly, and the Warsaw block collapsed. In NATO, non -military aspects have been actively developing since 1956. And by the beginning of the discharge of international tension, an extensive non -unit infrastructure (a system of political consultations, parliamentary assemblies, economic mutual assistance, etc.) helped this coalition adapt to new conditions and - survive.

Along with activities in the military and political regions, NATO began to pay great attention to the numerous non -universe - humanitarian, environmental, scientific and other - programs. This field of activity has turned into one of the important foundations of the development of cooperation between the NATO participants, Russia and other CIS countries with the organization of the North Atlantic Treaty. Many aspects of NATO activity are attractive and promising. For example, the program "Science for the world". In the mid -nineties, an agreement was concluded on the retraining of eight hundred thousand of Russian troops dismissed from the army. Retraining expenses took on NATO. I spoke about this, speaking in 1998 at an international conference dedicated to the anniversary of the fundamental act of relations between Russia and NATO. The conference participants - politicians, military, scientists, both of our and from the NATO side, agreed that the non -enlarged cooperation of Russia and NATO has a tremendous significance today ...

It was about the possibilities missed in the confrontation. They can be considered a reserve for the development of our relations.