Sevastopol suffering

150 years ago, the Crimean War began the most important event, the defense of Sevastopol lasted 349 days. After one and a half centuries in the Ukrainian city of Russian Glory, the observer of the newspaper Peter Brantov visited. From the letters of the retired fleet, Lieutenant Captain Peter Ivanovich Leslie the fruits of the Crimean campaign, its participants still reap

"I was before the revolution Senbernar"

Olga Baranovskaya was a magnificent old woman. For thirty years now, how she had gone, and Henrietta Vasilievna Paramonova, the lady herself in years, who had served in the Museum of the Black Sea Fleet all her life, cannot forget this breed, this posture, these thin aristocratic fingers, about which “fingers” can not be said, but I will certainly want to “fingers”. However, Olga Alexandrovna was not arrogant, she had no estimated prejudices at all, on occasion she could have amused the interlocutor from the former life. For example, so.

Imagine the 18th year. Hunger, a cold, the Cheka was completely brutalized. Two mongrels, dirty, shabby are sitting in a snowdrift, in a word - the lousy are valid. One another says: "And you remember how before the revolution - after all, in every garbage can you get a juicy bone, not like now." The other replies: "No, I don’t remember, before the revolution I was Senbernar, I lived on the estate, with the prince. That's what the Bolsheviks brought me to ..."

Grandfather Olga Alexandrovna, Petr Ivanovich Baranovsky, was a sailor, the captain of the first rank, the commander of the Nakhimov flagship "Empress Maria". On this ship, the Great Admiral drowned the Turks on the Sinop raid; The flag sheltered by his flag lay in a coffin with his head pierced with a French gibberish bullet.

True, the son of Pyotr Ivanovich was somewhat tuned to a family reputation, because in 1905, he served on the Prut Educational ship, not that he made up the revolutionary instincts of subordinates who came up with rebel with Potemkin, but looked at them somehow through his fingers, for which he was set aside from the fleet, as called, without a uniform. Who knows, perhaps this father’s liberalism is fifteen years later and saved his daughter's life.

... In the 20th year, when the last steamer, critically overloaded with a Russian elite distraught from horror, set off from the counting embankment of Sevastopol, she remained in the Crimea. Olga Alexandrovna was already at forty, she was lonely, belonged to herself and the point of fleeing from fate, she did not see any.

She was not touched. From the family mansion to the Old Evpatoria Halup, it was not even without delicacy. Having allowed a nurse to work, they did not deprive the means of existence. Seeing such an attitude from the new government to herself, Olga Alexandrovna even began to think that this power was not at all as bad as it might seem to those who in the 20th year, distraught from horror, saved from her on critically overloaded steamers. However, the further course of historical events forever averted her from these blessed thoughts.

Once - it was already somewhere in the mid -1920s - Olga Alexandrovna decided to visit the famous panorama "Defense of Sevastopol" - a recognized world masterpiece of battal painting.

The saw and mainly what he heard there struck the granddaughter of the Sinop triumph in the very heart. Having ascended under the spreading panoramic vault, she suddenly saw a guide in front of her (herself, I must say, boorish appearance) and a bunch of visitors, listening to him almost with reverence. Poking a pointer to the endless canvas, depicting the bastions of Malakhov Kurgan and finding on it either Nakhimov himself or the legendary sailor of the cat returning from the night outing, the guide honored them only as the "royal henchmen", and turning to the events of the Sinopian battle, found that the attack of the Russian fleet on the Turkish was on the Turkish "treacherous."

Olga Alexandrovna could not listen to such a long time. She turned and, slightly staggering from the shocked, went to the exit. Following her rushed: "Here the wounded soldier is bleeding. But in vain he is waiting for help - the nurse is in a hurry to the officer. There - and a helpful pop with a cross ..."

Olga Alexandrovna has never been to the Sevastopol Panorama.

Soon, the proletarian hatred of the "henchmen" reached the climax and resulted in the decree "On Monuments to the Tsarev Servants." In Sevastopol, the bronze cat, the arrogant Vinnitsa peasant, “well done of a rare courage”, exiled to the recruits “for a violent temper”, a fan of drinking and “lazy”, was the first to rattle his podium. Then came the turn of the sailor Shevchenko, on the 4th bastion with his chest, which closed his lieutenant from the enemy bullet and, for that, the first of the Russian lower ranks of a certified personal monument. Following Shevchenko, Nakhimov himself could not resist, and soon the fighters with a heavy heritage pulled to the tomb of the Vladimir Council and, having smashed the granite tombstones to smithereens, threw out the “this carrion” - the remains of nine most important admirals. The 30th began, in Soviet Russia football came into fashion. Sevastopol boys played the popular game with skulls of the heroes of the Crimean War, and Olga Alexandrovna Baranovskaya collected a suitcase. She laid some linen in him, a box of tooth powder, a tin bowl. And she began to wait.

The waiting for decades for decades was in vain. No one came for Olga Alexandrovna either in the 30s, or later, when the war with the dead bones and unrequited sculptures came to naught, and the statues themselves began to gradually return to their places. She was allowed to grow old and fall into a desperate poverty, which, however, no one had ever heard from her. In this regard, it is even amazing how the neighbors, non -sounding and compassionate people visited Olga Alexandrovna about the disasters of Olga Alexandrovna. It was they who sent a letter to the Sevastopol Museum of the Black Sea Fleet, the essence of which came down to the fact that he lives, they say, in Yevpatoria, such a Baranovskaya, granddaughter of the glorious Nakhimov comrade -in -arms, she was already ninety years old, and she almost starves, and she would not even buy coal to her.

So they met - Olga Aleksandrovna Baranovskaya and Henrietta Vasilievna Paramonova, thanks to which 1972, the last year of Olga Ivanovna’s life, became almost the most prosperous for her since she decided not to go to the count, from where the last saving steamer set off. Shortly before his death, Olga Alexandrovna handed over to the Naval Museum the only relic remaining from her grandfather - a carpet from the captain of the Empress Mary. Cold several times, and now he lies in one of the museum windows next to the brown woolen dress and a pair of laid, on a low heel of a shoes of a modest thirty -eighth size. These items of the ladies' wardrobe are the little that remained the offspring of memory of the famous Dasha Sevastopol, the first Russian sister of mercy, who assisted the wounded directly on the battlefield.

Memory of Dasha Sevastopol

"Defense of Sevastopol." This film now you will not see anywhere, only in the film pavilion of the City Museum of Defense. Meanwhile, in 1911, he was the "first Russian historical action movie", whose premiere was honored by the sovereign himself Emperor Nikolai Bloody. It is said that, amazed by the type of autocrat, the Balalaechniki orchestra, whose accompaniment passed the solemn viewing of the dumb tape, lost and struck the "lady" not in the scene of Easter celebration on the besieged Malakhov mound, as required by the script, but exactly in the episode of Nakhimov’s mortal wound. The sovereign, however, decided not to make a scandal out of what happened and deigned to react to an annoying miss only with a restrained grunt.

It must be assumed that the session, which later passed without a bitch and a bitch, impressed Nikolai. The producer of Khanzhonkov attracted even submarines to the shooting, one of which in the scene of the flooding of Russian ships on the Sevastopol raid pulled the twelve apostles fading layout mounted on the wheelhouse. The artists also played not sparing the strength: the megazvezda of the then symematographer Ivan Mozzhukhin, who represented Admiral Kornilov, protesting against the destruction of the ships, so desperately hesitated the densely brought in black eyes and so hysterically irritated that the audience, although deprived of the opportunity to hear the contrargans of Admiral Menshikov, should have understood that there was nothing left for him to announce The obstinate subordinate: "Do not want to drown, so put them in your pocket and go to your wife to Nikolaev."

Dasha Sevastopolskaya in a group of young old people - veterans of the Crimean war appears on the screen already under the final of the picture, on this segment unexpectedly turning from artistic into documentary. The 75-year-old, graying like a moon and a straight pine, in a white scarf and a black dress, she sits on a bench, folding her withered hands on her knees and tiredly covering deeply sunk eyes, seeing a lot and many. Then he gets up, takes a few steps forward, two, three seconds with a mournful detachment look into the camera, and, unexpectedly sharply turning around for his years, leaves the frame.

This is the end of the film. Dashin's life ended even earlier: she died in 1910, a year before the premiere. She died, as she lived, Dasha Sevastopol, and until recently no one knew even her full name. When, after long archival excavations, it was still possible to find out some details of Dashina’s biography, this did not have any practical significance. From the "round orphan, the daughter of the sailor of the sailor Lavrenty Mikhailov, Daria Lavrentievna Mikhailova, who was killed under the synop of the 10th vast crew of the sailor, for the efforts of her in Sevastopol when leaving for the wounded medal" For Zealing "and 500 rubles, there was not even a grave. The cemetery in the dock beam on which it was buried was destroyed in the 60s of the last century, so that the only memorial to Dashin’s mercy is still her image on the canvas of the Sevastopol panorama.

There, on a huge canvas, the picturesque young Dasha with a rocker on the textured shoulder, not bowing to the enemy bullets, is strokeing with colodeine water with two grenadiers of the Poltava regiment, and a little to the right, on the so -called objective plan, a drooping signaling flag dangles on a skinny pole, scarlet as Dashin's skirt. He has his own story.

"Our native Soviet red flag"

Once, in 1954, Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov visited the Sevastopol Panorama, issuing a naval commander, First Deputy Minister of Defense and commander in chief of the Naval Forces of the Soviet Union. This happened just at a time when a panorama, who had almost died during the Great Patriotic War and rebuilt by a team of artists under the leadership of the painter Sokolov-Kali, was preparing for the discovery.

Nikolai Gerasimovich walked around the circular canvas, was very pleased with what he saw and was already making heavily left, when his gaze stopped on the flag, which was not yet scarlet, but was, on the contrary, as the author of the original panorama, the famous Batalist artist Franz Alekseevich Rubo. “What is it?” Kuznetsov turned displeased with displeasure to the painter Sokolov -Scale that accompanied him. “Why is he so color?” “Blue color, comrade Vice Admiral,” the painter answered with a bored heart. “In the language of symbols, it means:“ I am attacking, I ask for help. ”“ Replace, ”“ without listening to the answer, chopped off the naval commander. “To what?” Sokolov -crook was taken aback. “On Red,“ The military commander decided. - On our native Soviet red flag. "

Half a century has passed since then, but Lyudmila Vasilievna Golikova, a leading researcher at the museum-panorama, still cannot understand how really a gifted figure, like Nikolai Gerasimovich, could allow such a frank stupidity: “He was a very, very well-deserved person. He was not afraid to argue with Stalin, he was removed several times from the posts. - That's not, it's just a tragedy! " Lyudmila Vasilievna sighs. It is felt that she is very awkward for the redesigned vice admiral. She pronounces the words in his defense with the intonation with which condescending relatives usually speak of some kind of missing, but still a warmly beloved nephew: "No, you don’t look, actually he is good, and his hands are golden, but now he drinks ..."

However, in fairness, it should be noted that since the time of Nikolai Gerasimovich, persons endowed with vast power powers, so clearly not tried to enrich the history of the Crimean war with the details of the newly invented cults.

Although many were interested in it.

Book of Fates, or "Sleep calmly, brother Nakhimov"

In the office of Mikhail Vasilyevich Makareev, acting as director of the Museum of the Black Sea Fleet, most of the exposition of which is devoted to the Crimean War and the defense of Sevastopol, in a grandiose cabinet, an unprecedented thickness book of reviews in shabby red binding is stored. This is not an ordinary book - the right to reflect in it their thoughts and feelings that arose during the inspection are not given to everyone, but only to honorary visitors: citizens are easier to inform the directorates about their impressions through the book thinner, which is in the public domain in one of the halls.

Over the past thirty years, a great many autographs of faithful Leninists and prominent figures of international labor movement, talented commander and brilliant masters of culture, wrestlers for democracy and underwent from it have accumulated under the heavy cover of the VIP-foliant. Here, traces of Heydar Aliyevich Aliyev, the epistolary heritage of which resurrects the calls of the Central Committee of the CPSU to May Day, remain through centuries of the stay of Heydar Aliyev. Here you can find the reviews of the chairman of the Presidium of the Great People’s Khural Marshal of the Mongol People's Republic of Yumzhagigiyn Tsedenbal and the commander of the naval forces of the fraternal Ethiopia Tesfae Badhau, apparently friendly, but left in relatives for both languages and therefore not amenable to understanding. Here, finally, there are records indicating the visits of other recognizable characters in world politics, analyzing which, an inquisitive researcher can identify one rather strange, if not mystical, pattern: the career of many of them, after visiting the museum, sharply went to decline, if not rolled up at all.

Take, for example, the Minister of the National Defense of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Nguyen Ziap, who visited Sevastopol in 1977 and left the text monstrous in his revisionist in his audience in his audience Black Sea Fleet to constantly multiply the revolutionary traditions of the Potemkin sailors. " Not even a year had passed since the party’s comrades asked the recent winner of the American imperialists from all army posts, and soon completely withdrew him from the Politburo.

A similar nuisance befell Sergey Stankevich, adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on political issues. It was 1992, when fate brought Sergei Borisovich to the ill -fated museum, after the excursion on which he did not control the patriotic impulse and drew the literally the following in the book of reviews: “The current political leaders, big and small, we must learn stubbornness and fidelity to Kornilov, Nakhimov, Lazarev. Sleep calmly, Brothers, you don’t have to be for us for us. Brush ". But I had to ... In the same 1992, Sergey Borisovich was involved in the ugly corruption scandal, was accused of bribery and for a long time hid from prosecutorial attacks in neighboring Poland.

Museum Rock also did not escape Sergey Vadimovich Stepashin, four years ago heading the cabinet of ministers and even as if thinking about presidency. His experiences about what he saw in the museum on July 17, 1999 he put on a brief minted formulations: "A person who does not remember the history of his homeland is not worthy of respect. If this person is in power, he is dangerous!" Is it necessary to remind that in less than a month, Sergey Vadimovich was set aside from the premier post and, bitterly cuddling Minister Aksenenko, retired to the canopy of the Accounts Chamber. By the way, the acting director of the museum Vasily Makareev is sad about this political fiasco. The fact is that, not yet sensing any catch, Sergey Vadimovich promised to equip the air conditioners entrusted by Vasily Mikhailovich, and then ... although he had been before?!

The latter at the moment, the honorary visitor, who left a written review on the results of a visit to the museum, is the secretary of the political council of the Moscow branch of United Russia, Professor Karabasov. By the simplicity of the soul, he carried out two approaches to the book of fates and, having recorded to begin with: "The Russian people are invincible! God keep you! There are many summer!" - Then he returned again in order to add to the postscript: "After communicating with the Sevastopols, the damn would like to work!"

And, you know, while it works ...

'I'm sitting in Shizuh for the fourth day'

In early October 2003, the southern summer is beautifully dying in Sevastopol. Над Историческим бульваром неторопливо крутится огромное Чертово колесо, из кабины которого хорошо видны и близлежащий музей-панорама, и тесно уставленная кораблями Севастопольская бухта. Видимо, желая сделать катание на колесе еще более приятным для горожан и гостей Севастополя, устроители аттракциона сопровождают его прокручиванием аудиозаписей весьма, впрочем, специфического свойства. '... Я четвертые сутки на нарах лежу, я по сучьему шепоту здесь отдыхаю', - брутальный напев плывет над бульваром, на излете достигая обелиска подпоручику Л.Н. Толстому, в 1855 году сражавшемуся на Язоновском редуте 4-го бастиона.

В тенистой каштановой аллее со всем возможным удобством расположилась Зинаида, продавец нашего наследия. На большом складном столе перед ней в примерном порядке разложены археологические памятники Крымской войны: английские, французские и русские мундирные пуговицы; различной формы и калибра пули; ременные бляхи; 'гренадки' и 'львы' с киверов и тому подобные занятные штуковины.

'Вот пуля, - говорит мне Зинаида, - возьмите пулю, недорого отдам, всего восемь гривен. Этой пулей Нахимова убило, прямо в голову'. - 'Как, вот именно этой?' - 'Ну, не этой, такой же, - досадует на мою непонятливость Зинаида. - Его французской убило, и эта французская. Настоящая, у меня все настоящее'.

'Откуда же вы все это берете?' - недоумеваю я. - 'Да тут этого добра кругом богато, - работница прилавка делает широкий жест, - и в Камышовой бухте, и в Балаклаве. Копнул поглубже, и полезло. Я сама и рою, один раз даже шинель откопала, почти целую...' - 'И что, никто рыть не запрещает? Это же, наверное, незаконно?' - 'Да нет, никто', - совершенно безразлично роняет Зинаида, всем своим видом давая понять, что ее интерес ко мне как к покупателю стремительно угасает. Видя это, я поспешно стараюсь его поддержать: 'Ну а вот если я у вас куплю что-нибудь, меня таможенники на границе не сцапают, не отберут товар?' - 'Да права у них такого нет, - с горячей убежденностью отвечает Зинаида, - это ж ерунда, бэушные вещи'. 'Ладно, - сдаюсь я, - давайте тогда торговаться...'

...Уже став полноправным хозяином нескольких военно-исторических реликвий и отойдя от Зинаидиного стола на почтительное расстояние, я вдруг услышал за спиной ее крик. 'Стойте, стойте, - кричала Зинаида, - может, еще ядро возьмете? Недорого, 15 гривен! И монеты есть, греческие, из Херсонеса, вы в Херсонесе-то были?..'

Я, кстати, был. И там, в Херсонесе, видел знаменитый сигнальный колокол, один из самых удивительных памятников Крымской войне. Много лет подряд его звон предупреждал о приближении к берегу заплутавшие в тумане корабли. В 1855 году взявшие Севастополь французы увезли колокол в Париж и водрузили на собор своей Богоматери, вернув его на родину только спустя 70 лет. С тех пор, подвешенный на крутом херсонесском обрыве, он никого ни о чем не предупреждает, а просто служит одной из достопримечательностей родного города. Однажды Туманный колокол даже снялся в кино у знаменитого режиссера Ролана Быкова: именно под его чугунным языком проскользнул не замеченный сонной охраной деревянный парень Буратино, пробиравшийся в Страну Дураков.

20.10.2003 /