"Complete update"

On Sunday, Russians will determine the country's development on Sunday an event that, according to Vladimir Putin, should “set the tone for the election of the new president of Russia,” because “the country enters the stage of complete renewal of the highest bodies of state legislative and executive branch.” Simply put, elections to the fifth State Duma. According to the CEC, 107.062 million Russians have the right to vote. They will come to 95.78 thousand polling stations in the country and 364 abroad. In total, 108.78 million ballots for voting are printed.

Why go to the polls “Vladimir Putin:“ But if we want to live really with dignity, then we cannot allow those who once tried to unrest the country to the authority again, and today I would like to block and illuminate the development plans of Russia, change the course supported by our people, return the times of humiliation, dependence and decay. ” Boris Gryzlov: "We understand that those who cannot be called friends of Russia are also preparing for the upcoming elections. But they have not the slightest chance: Russia will be able to defend its national interests." Gennady Zyuganov: "We would like these to be elections. Not dirt, but elections. And for this we must meet teams, discuss problems, and not to fall into Hallelujushchin." Boris Nemtsov: “If you are boycotting the elections, it means that you give the authorities to throw the ballot for you. To vote as it should be ... I think that your protest, sitting at home, is pointless. We need to go and vote for the opposition if you do not agree with Putin’s course. If you are happy with Putin. If you have problems, then vote for the opposition.” Vladimir Zhirinovsky: "Now the democracy. The king, the CPSU and the Soviet government are not, and you can decide which deputies will come to the State Duma building in winter, and in the spring the main issue is about the president."

Despite the fact that the current elections are considered the most predictable compared to the previous ones, surprises are still possible. There is a feature in the proportional electoral system: if citizens consider voting by non -alternative, they can vote in protest for an outsider of the electoral race - spite the favorite. “In one African state, in the late 1990s, the authorities were so unconditional that as a result, in addition to the ruling candidate in Bulletin, only a dummy person had no chance. As a result, oddly enough, it was this unknown candidate that won the election, ”political analyst Alexander Kynev recalled.

According to the latest forecasts of sociologists, at least two or more than four parties should go to the fifth State Duma. The first option is more likely than the second. Thus, all the votes cast for the remaining seven - nine parties that will receive more or less worthy, but impassable interest will be equally distributed between the winners of the election race.

Crowned voices

On Thursday, a member of the Public Chamber (OP), Chairman of the Coordinating Council of NPOs to protect the electoral rights of citizens Andrei Przhezdsky and co -chair of the Civil Control Association, Alexander Brod, summed up the results of the hotline with voters, which was established by the OP together with the CEC. During the work of the line, more than 15 thousand people turned there, and over the past day about 2 thousand calls were received. Citizens began to complain less about the organizers of the elections, but they are increasingly outraged by the violation of the rules of election campaign.

This election campaign has a real boom of absenteeism. The heads of enterprises in order forced employees to come to vote at the place of work. “People take a certificate of their own free will,” Andrei Przdomsky told the newspaper correspondent. “Some people think that everyone needs to be brought to the polling station, and this is wrong.” Nevertheless, Przhezdsky believes that absenteeisms are unlikely to be used to vote several times in different areas.

On Monday, Russian Railways reported that polling stations will be opened at all large stations so that people who will hold the election day can also vote. Obviously, at railway stations, voting control will not be very strict. This creates conditions for different violations, social activists warn. “Theoretically, a situation is possible when a person will vote several times at different stations. However, I doubt that it will be practically able to implement this, ”said Przhezdsky. “In any case, the percentage of such violations will be so minimal that it is unlikely to be able to really affect the results of the vote.”

Sales and sales

Even on the Internet, citizens are actively offering to sell their votes. A resident of St. Petersburg reported on a hot line that a site appeared, where everyone was offered to take an absenteeism and vote in a certain site. For this they promise to pay 500 rubles. In the suburbs, unknown violators of the electoral legislation for a voice have already given 1 thousand rubles and a free lunch, another message said. In addition, there are many complaints about violation of the election procedure: people simply do not find their surname in the lists.

Proportional system Conscious citizens who will come to polling stations on December 2, the newspaper does not advise to tear or take the ballots with them, because in this case their voice will simply not be taken into account. The same thing will happen if the voter, for example, draws a new column for voting with his own hand or puts a check -in opposite the name of the party that does not participate in the elections. There are two conditions under which elections can be recognized as failed. First: not a single party received more than 7% of the vote, the second: all the participants in the campaign together received no more than 60% of the votes of citizens who participated in the vote. This is spelled out in Art. 82 of the Law "On the elections of deputies of the State Duma." Accordingly, only parties that took the 7-percent barrier are allowed to the distribution of the Duma mandates, provided that there are two or more, and together they collected more than 60% of the votes of citizens who came to the plots. If the two parties -winning collected less than 60%, then the rest of the mandates are allowed to deliver the rest of the parties - in the order of descending of the votes filed and until the total percentage exceeds 60. The same thing happens if some party scored more than 60% of the vote alone, and the rest is less than 7%. In this case, the second party is allowed to the distribution of the Duma chairs. This Sunday, elections in Russia are first held according to a completely proportional system, in which all mandates are distributed by the number of votes fed for federal lists of parties. The primary distribution of mandates compared to the previous elections, when half of the deputies were elected around the districts, it was simplified: the total number of votes is divided into 450 (the number of mandates). As a result, the division is “private”, which the CEC operates in the distribution of mandates between parties. The total number of votes set for the federal list of the winning party is divided into this private. The whole part of the number obtained is the number of mandates. Before the turnout becomes known, a simplified calculation is used - 450 seats are divided by the right number of percent. In this count, 7% of citizens' votes are converted to 30-34 places in the Duma. The principle of proportionality is observed later, when the winners share the voices cast for the parties-loser. Accordingly, the party, which gained 20% of the total number of voters who came to the sites, receives another 20% of the amount of votes cast for the losers of the parties as a prize. In Art. 83 of the Federal Law “On the elections of State Duma deputies” is described in less understandable terms: “Retained deputy mandates are transmitted according to one federal lists of candidates, which are the most fractional part of the number obtained as a result of the division provided for part 2 of this article.” The parties, the losing elections, have a modest comforting prize: if the party gained more than 3% of the votes who took part in the vote, then in the next four years it will receive state funding - now it is five rubles annually for each vote filed in the election. And if more than 4%are scored, then the party does not need to be paid for the media, it will receive the introduced electoral deposit. In the case of a shortage (less than 3%) of the party, you will have to pay for free broadcasts and printed areas, and be left without state financing.

The media also became a platform for violations. Alexander Brod noted that not all parties are equally represented in mass media. There are too many information about some parties, while the activities of others are almost not illuminated or presented in an unprofitable light. In addition, two-two newspapers and leaflets with compromising and obviously false information appear.

Rolled buses

Not only citizens, but also election participants suffer from violations of the election campaign. The representative of one of the parties, Alexander Morozov, said in an interview with Gazeta that in the last three weeks the party has encountered all possible forms of struggle. “Our billboards are removed, they do not allow agitators to work, arrest whole circulations of the party newspaper, they take out propaganda leaflets out of mailboxes and even close our headquarters in the regions,” said Morozov. “In most cases, it is simply impossible to prove guilt.” Morozov emphasized that in St. Petersburg all advertising agencies refused to cooperate with the party. Only one agency that places advertising on buses agreed to accept the order. On the night, when they glued party advertising, policemen burst into the building and torn all the buses. Yesterday, a part of the party from Mordovia turned to Morozov and said that gynecologists of one of the hospitals were collected and obliged to come to polling stations with several sets of clothing on December 2 in order to participate in the vote several times.

The peculiarity of the proportional system

In the last week, many tips for voters appeared. Among the openly politicized and provocatives there are many and useful ones. The head of the regional programs of the Information Policy Development Fund, Alexander Kynev, said in an interview with Gazeta: “If a citizen does not want half or a third of his vote any of the unloved parties, I would recommend to vote for a possible winner. Only in this case, his voice can play a role. ”

However, according to the legislation, voting can generally be recognized as failed. For example, if not a single party received the necessary 7% or if all the parties did not score in the amount of 60% (see. Name). But there is a more exotic option: if more than 40% of the ballots turn out to be spoiled, which, of course, is unlikely.

Will you go to the polls?

Boris Grachevsky, artistic director of the film magazine "Eralash":

Yes, I will go to the polls, although nothing will change from this. Everything is clear: the stabilized state of the country and the general wishes of the people ...

But I will go anyway, because I am a citizen of my country. True, I will vote for a huge block, but these are not the same, and not all the best people. All of them are completely different, but honestly, I would still like to vote for someone personally. That is, not for some “general line”, but for a specific person. So that he only convinces me how good, wonderful and talented, and then I would come to him with his problems.

Nevertheless, these elections do not remind me at all those that were in Soviet times, because then I knew that although I did not choose, but, let’s say, I affirm one Ivan Ivanovich. And now I do not see Ivan Ivanovich, and I don’t know who I vote for. Okay, I will vote for the party line, and then we will see.

Oleg Malyshkin, State Duma deputy of the IV convocation, former presidential candidate:

I will definitely go. I always go to vote, because this is the sacred duty of every citizen. I’ll go not alone, but together and solemn, somewhere at 10 in the morning, with my whole family.

I myself am already in the parliament I do not run and do not regret it. Probably those who did nothing, but I worked well in the Duma. I worked hard in the sweat so that now it was necessary to rest a little.

I have not yet decided what I would do, but, as the president said, I will find my place in the ranks. But for whom to vote, I have already decided: the direction was chosen correctly, so now you need to deal with personnel.

Viktor Koklyushkin, writer:

I'll go. I like to go to the polls: both on the road and on the site you can meet those people whom you will not see on weekdays. And, as modern youth got used to beer, so I'm already used to going to the polls.

For some reason, I want my voice to be taken into account, and if they do something with my ballot, then I will be very indignant. And I like the setting in the elections when they sell confectionery and music sounds.

David Yakobashvili, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company "VIMM-Bill-Dann food products":

I'll go. But in general, it cannot be said that I always go to the polls. And this time I’ll go, because it is so necessary, and not because of some kind of “call of the heart” there. I don’t know if an important moment for the country is now or not. In my opinion, everything is always important.

Evgeny Petrosyan, People's Artist of Russia:

In communist times, I rarely went to the polls, and now I go. It seemed to me that from my voice, like a drop to the sea, which makes it wet, also depends on something.

Maybe this time I will not have much desire to go to the polling station, but I will go anyway, because the line is close to me “You may not be a poet, but I must be a citizen!” A comedian cannot be just a comedian. He must be a citizen if he is a real comedian, and not just some kind of hohmach.

Daria Dontsova, writer:

Yes, after all, from the one we choose, it depends on how we will live on. I am probably a naive person, because I am very active. If we say that nothing depends on my voice and remain at home, it is likely that then we will find ourselves with the power that we will not like, and begin to criticize it. But you still have to start with yourself, because I did not go to vote.

And in the Soviet years, everything was quiet and organized in the elections. For my eldest son, the election was a holiday because we voted in Madi’s building, and there was always a wonderful buffet with a scarce hard -smoked sausage, which he loved very much. So the elections for him forever merged with his favorite sandwiches.

11/29/2007 / Olga Pavlikova, Anastasia Novikova, Mikhail Vinogradov, the survey was prepared by Alexander Sargin Material published in the newspaper No. 225 dated November 30, 2007.