October 1993. Chronicle of the coup. September 22nd. Second day of confrontation.

10.00. The Presidium of the Government of the Russian Federation canceled its meeting. As the press service of the Russian government told reporters, this decision is due only to the fact that the presidium considered it necessary to devote more time to preparing for the meeting of the CIS heads of state on September 23. A number of news agencies, citing the prime minister’s press secretary, report that the postponement of the meeting to September 23 is due to the cancellation of Chernomyrdin’s trip to the Nizhny Novgorod region, due to which the meeting was initially decided to be held on Wednesday, and not on Thursday, as usual. The head of government's trip to the Gorokhovets military camps for army exercises was canceled "due to the current situation in Moscow," Chernomyrdin's press secretary said.
The joint meeting of the board of the Moscow government and the Moscow Regional Council has been postponed to a later date.
Russian Defense Minister, Army General Pavel Grachev, told reporters that “nobody in the Russian Armed Forces takes the appointment of the Russian Armed Forces as the second leadership of the country, including power ministers, seriously. The commanders of districts, fleets, armies and other individual formations unanimously declared their subordination to the Minister of Defense and the legally elected President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin." Grachev also expressed bewilderment at his removal from office by the Russian parliament.
Grachev also said that, despite the decision of the RF Armed Forces to immediately arrive at the RF Ministry of Defense and assume the post of Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General Achalov did not appear at the building of the RF Ministry of Defense.

According to Defense Minister Pavel Grachev, at night military units, divisions and educational institutions received a telegram from Colonel General Vladislav Achalov, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation elected by the RF Armed Forces, demanding to immediately arrive at the house of the RF Armed Forces.
In connection with this telegram, Pavel Grachev gave the following orders:
1. Conduct explanatory work in the troops to prevent a split of the officer corps into two camps.
2. Strengthen the service of troops, the security of command posts and not allow any unauthorized person on the territory of military units or educational institutions.
3. Suppress all attempts at agitation, calls for violence, calls to take up arms, calls to disobey the legitimate authorities elected by the people.
4. Strengthen the security of all facilities and, first of all, warehouses with weapons, ammunition, and other military and technical equipment. Pay special attention to the protection of facilities where nuclear weapons are located.
5. Form operational duty groups in all units and institutions, strictly monitor the situation, react immediately in case of changes and take all measures to prevent any terrorist and provocative acts against military personnel.
6. Under no circumstances should any military personnel succumb to provocations.
7. To avoid any troubles, do not issue weapons to personnel.
8. Keep strict records of personnel, know who is and where.
9. Recheck all orders in order of subordination and carry out only orders signed by the Russian Minister of Defense, Army General Pavel Grachev, or the Chief of the General Staff, Colonel General Mikhail Kolesnikov. Do not follow all other orders.

10.00. The session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has begun, and the draft law “On Amendments and Additions to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation” has been adopted as a basis. The draft law proposes to supplement Article 64 approx. and 70 paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the following content:
"Article 64-note: Actions entailing a violent change in the constitutional order.
Actions entailing a violent change in the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, as well as threatening the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, are punishable by imprisonment for a term of 6 to 12 years with or without confiscation of property. The same actions that entailed grave consequences, as well as those committed by an official, are punishable by imprisonment for a term of 10 to 15 years with or without confiscation of property, or the death penalty with or without confiscation of property.”
"Article 70 part 2. Obstruction of the activities of legitimate government bodies.
Obstructing the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation provided for by law is punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to 5 years. The same actions that entailed grave consequences, as well as those committed by an official, are punishable by imprisonment for a term of 5 to 10 years with or without confiscation of property.”
The session decided to put the law into effect from the moment it was signed by Alexander Rutsky, who was declared the acting president of Russia by the RF Armed Forces.
At the proposal of the Chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the RF Armed Forces Ramazan Abdulatipov, the parliament decided to continue further work on September 22 at closed sessions of the chambers.
As reported at the session of the Supreme Council, a conference call of deputies of all levels began in the collegium hall of the Ministry of Communications. At the suggestion of Ruslan Khasbulatov and with the consent of the deputies, deputies Alexey Adrov and Valentin Agafonov were sent to the Ministry of Communications.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin sent greetings to the participants of the All-Russian Assembly "Small Towns and the Future of Russia."

11.00. According to news agencies, the overall situation in the capital is calm. A rally in support of the Supreme Council continues at the White House of Russia. 2-3 thousand people take part in the action. On the approaches to the building, barricades were constructed from reinforcement bars and fence sections. Stones, fragments of brick and asphalt are piled behind the barriers. Around the White House fence are groups of mostly elderly people, many of whom are wearing gas masks and red armbands with the words "Vigilante" written on them. The security of the Moscow City Hall building has been strengthened by police forces.
At least one unit from a separate special-purpose motorized rifle division of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after. Dzerzhinsky brought into Moscow 5 trucks adapted for transporting soldiers with the division’s identification mark and standing near the government building on Old Square.
Former President of the former USSR Mikhail Gorbachev intends to shorten his nine-day trip to Italy and return to Russia in connection with the events taking place there. Reuters reported this from the city of Modena, where the Gorbachev couple are now located. On September 21, according to Reuters, Gorbachev described the actions of President Boris Yeltsin as “stupid and undemocratic.”
Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus', who is in the United States in connection with the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Orthodoxy in America, expressed the hope that “the conflict that has developed in relations between the two branches of government will not grow and will not lead to civil war.” He refused to comment in detail on the actions of President Boris Yeltsin, which he learned about on the way from Alaska to California.
As the press service of the Central Bank of Russia told reporters, the Central Bank is operating as usual. A management meeting is taking place at the bank. The presidential decree regarding the bank, according to the press service, does not change anything in the activities of the Central Bank, since, in accordance with this decree, it must act within the framework of existing legislation, according to which the Central Bank is not subordinate to anyone, but is only accountable to the Supreme Court and the government of the Russian Federation .

12.00. The dollar exchange rate at MICEX trading was 1,102 rubles. by $1, an increase of 66 rubles. compared to the previous auction on September 21.

12.00. Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Viktor Chernomyrdin held a conference call with regional leaders. Opening the meeting, Chernomyrdin, in particular, said: “The President of the country made a decision that marked the beginning of a real way out of the deadlock situation. Of course, this decision is not easy, not popular, forced. But the obstructionist position of the leadership of the RF Armed Forces pushed it towards it. The government did not take a step could set foot - it was tied hand and foot. ...The Russian government supports the choice made by the president. In the coming days, in October, at the Federation Council we will discuss the economic situation of the country, priority measures in the field of economic, social, financial policy. We are encouraged by the understanding "the situation of the leaders of the CIS countries. The people will figure out who to trust."
After the Prime Minister’s address, regional leaders reported via intercom on the situation in their regions.
Assessing the results of the conference call, Chernomyrdin told reporters: “I came here not without excitement. Today, in fact, was the first conversation with the whole country, with all the leaders of all regions. Today everyone spoke out for stabilization, everyone supported the president’s actions. I am deeply satisfied "the results of the conference call. The country must be governed by a legitimate authority, a legitimate president. The country will wait two months, but after two months the people themselves will determine who is who."
Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree according to which the Decree of the President of Russia dated September 1 of this year is declared invalid. regarding the temporary removal from duties of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation Vladimir Shumeiko.
A permanent press center began work in the House of Russian Press (Pushkinskaya St., 26), organized to cover the implementation of the Decree of the President of Russia “On phased constitutional reform in the Russian Federation.” The press center was created to inform journalists about the actions of the president, the government of the country, IMB, MB and MO.

13.00. According to the headquarters of the Russian Armed Forces, 20 Councils of People's Deputies of the constituent entities of the Federation condemned the decree of the President of the Russian Federation #1400. Information is being received about similar decisions of a large number of city and district councils.
Alexander Rutskoi made an attempt to usurp power, said the press secretary of the Russian President Vyacheslav Kostikov on September 22 at a meeting with journalists at the House of the Russian Press. The measure of suppression of this step must be determined by the prosecutor's office. Regarding the night meeting of the Constitutional Court, Kostikov noted that the Constitutional Court met contrary to the presidential decree. The decision taken by the Constitutional Court is “disheartening,” said the press secretary of the Russian president.
The majority of the republics, territories and regions of Russia expressed support for the presidential decree on stage-by-stage constitutional reform in Russia, Kostikov said, informing about the results of negotiations held by employees of the Presidential Administration Department with the heads of administrations of the republics, territories and regions of the Russian Federation.
A statement was adopted by the executive committee of the Council of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, which noted that the FNPR considers the actions of the President of the Russian Federation a “coup d’etat.” The FNPR Executive Committee called on organizations and collectives, workers and employees by all available means, including strikes, to protest against anti-constitutional actions, no matter who they came from.
MVK members Andrei Makarov and Alexey Ilyushenko are ready to submit new documents to the Moscow prosecutor’s office confirming the involvement of Vice President Alexander Rutsky in corruption. As the Ekho Moskvy radio station learned from well-informed sources, on Tuesday members of the Interdepartmental Commission for Combating Corruption and Crime returned to Moscow from Canada, where they continued the investigation under the patronage of the Royal Canadian Police.

As the Moscow riot police told reporters, the special police detachment adheres to neutrality and does not interfere in politics.
The Council of Ministers issued a statement indicating support and unconditional implementation of the presidential decree “On the phased constitutional reform of the Russian Federation.” The Council of Ministers considers this decree “the only possible way out of the current political crisis, taken in the interests of the people, who have the highest power in Russia and who, at the April referendum, unequivocally spoke in favor of the president and the reform policy.”
The Moscow government issued a statement saying that the mayor and government of Moscow consider the president's actions to be timely, welcome his determination to restore order in the country and express their full support for the president's decree on gradual constitutional reform in Russia.
Moscow City Council deputy, leader of Labor Russia Viktor Anpilov said in an interview that, according to his information, at present the opposition movement does not intend to take any actions other than campaigning. He also said that, according to the opposition, they will receive support not in Moscow, but in most regions of Russia.

Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed the Decree “On streamlining payments for agricultural products and food products.”
The congress of the Entrepreneurs for a New Russia association scheduled for September 24-26 in Kemerovo has been cancelled.
In an interview, Russian Minister of Culture Yevgeny Sidorov said that any certainty is better than a long struggle between the two branches of government: “The presidential decree has outlined a real path to the creation of a democratic professional parliament.”
As the press service of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation told reporters, the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Valery Zorkin, has had his telephone communications with the regions of Russia via a government special switchboard disabled, as well as open radiotelephone communications in his official car. Currently, the chairman of the Constitutional Court can communicate by telephone only with subscribers in Moscow and the region.
Boris Yeltsin signed a decree appointing Mikhail Fedotov as Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations on Educational, Scientific and Cultural Affairs (UNESCO).
In an interview, the president of the Bee Gas Sea corporation, Alexander Volovik, assessed the actions of the Russian president as the only correct and lawful ones.
The Presidium of the All-Russian Union "Renewal" (VSO) published a statement in which, in particular, it is noted: "The Presidium of the All-Russian Union "Renewal" (VSO) strongly condemns the coup attempt undertaken on September 21 by Russian President Boris Yeltsin." The statement also emphasizes the unconditional authority of the Constitutional Court, which recognized the violation by the President of the Russian Federation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Presidium of the WZO sees a way out of the crisis in simultaneous national elections of a new president and parliament in accordance with the deadlines established by the constitution.
The press secretary of Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Vyacheslav Kostikov, issued a statement that, in part, says: “Former deputies of the former Supreme Council, acting in deepening political isolation, anticipating their political collapse, are making attempts to intimidate the population and political figures who support the president’s actions. The hastily adopted “law” “On Amendments and Additions to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation” provides for the most cruel measures against political opponents, including the death penalty. Russia, which experienced the worst terror in the history of mankind under the rule of communists, cannot be sympathetic to people openly declaring the possibility of mass repression."

13.45. 11 people, including 4 armed ones, led by Colonel General Albert Makashov, entered the command post of the Russian State Committee for Emergency Situations in Moscow, where, apparently, they hoped to contact the regions and regions using special communications of civil defense, the State Committee for Emergency Situations told reporters. Having made sure that they would not be able to use special communications at the command post, since it was under maintenance, Makashov and his accompanying guests left the command post.
Russian Defense Minister General of the Army Pavel Grachev told reporters: “The army must be left alone. If the army is not left alone, it will explode; if it is provoked, no force will then be able to hold it back. The army will sweep away everything in its path.” According to Grachev, if confrontation with the presidential government continues in the country, the army will not remain on the sidelines. “The army will try to do everything to prevent bloodshed,” Grachev emphasized.
At a meeting with Muscovites on Pushkin Square, Russian President Boris Yeltsin confirmed that he, as president, is in control of the situation. He said that he had already spoken with many heads of Russian regions. Most of them support decree #1400 on gradual constitutional reform. “Maybe two or three regional leaders have doubts, but this is not decisive,” Boris Yeltsin noted, emphasizing the need to implement this reform before December. According to the president, he “has enough strength and health to bring the work he has begun to completion - to the democratic elections of the Federal Assembly.”
According to Yeltsin, “dialogue with the Supreme Council is currently impossible. This organization does not exist today, and therefore there is no dialogue.” Speaking about the attempts of the Armed Forces to seize the initiative, Yeltsin said: “We would not like to use any forceful methods, we want everything to end peacefully, without blood.” At the same time, the president emphasized that everything constructive that was developed by the Supreme Council will be taken and implemented.
Answering a question about his attitude towards Alexander Rutskoi, Boris Yeltsin said that he considered his step frivolous, and called Rutskoi’s actions an initiative, “which has nothing to do with the right or the law.” At present, a split in the security forces is impossible, Boris Yeltsin said. Pavel Grachev and Viktor Erin, who took part in the meeting, confirmed this point of view.

The State Committee of the Russian Federation has issued an appeal to the peoples, republics, and all territories of the Russian Federation, which speaks of the need to “form truly capable structures of federal power” and contains calls to “prevent clashes” and “preserve law and order.”
First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Andrei Kokoshin told reporters that the armed forces in any state have a special responsibility for the security of the country, but the Russian armed forces have a double responsibility, since Russia is “a great nuclear power, and this circumstance must not be forgotten even at any time.” minute."
A message from the Center for Public Relations of the Ministry of Bank of the Russian Federation has been distributed, which, in particular, states: “The management and personnel of the Ministry of Bank of the Russian Federation act strictly in accordance with the current laws of the Russian Federation. Heads of local authorities have been instructed to ensure continuous monitoring and timely information to government and administrative bodies, the Ministry of Security about emerging crisis situations and measures to prevent and localize them. Instructions were given to intensify activities to identify, prevent and suppress attacks on the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, acts of terrorism, violent actions of illegal armed groups, and other extremist manifestations."
At an operational meeting at the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate, it was noted that the main task of the Moscow police is to fight crime. As it was reported at the meeting, all police units are working in enhanced mode, and a headquarters has been created to guide their actions. It was headed by the deputy. Head of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate Dmitry Kiselev. The mayor of Moscow was urgently summoned to the President of the Russian Federation.
At a rally taking place near the House of Soviets of Russia, a battalion of defenders of the Supreme Council and its supporters is formed. According to the head of the press group of the Union of Officers, Vladimir Kutkin, the number of the battalion already reaches 600 people. Acting appointed by parliament spoke to the rally participants, whose number reached 5 thousand people. President of the Russian Federation Alexander Rutskoy. He called for decisive action and stressed that “the gang that destroyed the state” must be brought to justice. Rutskoi believes that “this clique will not just go away, because it will have to answer to justice.”

14.30. At a press conference, the chairman of the Constitutional Court, Valery Zorkin, issued a statement saying that in its conclusion, the Constitutional Court stated that the presidential decree did not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. V. Zorkin noted that he basically shares the assessment of the situation in the country given in the preamble of the decree and the goals that the president sets for himself. However, he considers the methods of achieving them unacceptable.
V. Zorkin proposed the following legitimate way out of this situation:
1. The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation decides on simultaneous early elections of parliament and president, for which it adopts an election law and a law on government bodies for the transition period until the adoption of a new Constitution. After this, the congress ceases its activities
2. The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation instructs the current Cabinet of Ministers to carry out its duties, while working in a regime of broad publicity, while maintaining the control function of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the transition period. The President retains the powers established by the Constitution over the government.
3. After the adoption of the proposed decisions, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation suspends its legislative activity and remains the guarantor of compliance with the rule of law during elections.
4. The Constitutional Court is recognized as the guarantor of the agreements reached, ceasing at this stage the functions of a mediator in political confrontation, and continues to work as usual, focusing on protecting the constitutional rights of citizens.
Valery Zorkin stated that the decision of the Constitutional Court adopted on the night of September 21 to recognize the unconstitutionality of the decree and the president’s appeal was not dictated by political expediency or under the influence of any party; In adopting it, the Constitutional Court was guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Describing the presidential decree, V. Zorkin noted that by this decree the president has appropriated to himself the functions of all branches of government and the consequence of this will inevitably be a dictatorship.
Answering the question whether he recognizes A. Rutsky as president, the chairman of the Constitutional Court said that he is obliged to recognize the resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, however, if this resolution is challenged in the Constitutional Court, the Constitutional Court will be obliged to consider it.
“We fully support the actions of Russian President B. Yeltsin and his decree on stage-by-stage constitutional reform in the Russian Federation - common sense requires an early resolution of the conflict between the executive and legislative powers, which has long exhausted the time limit,” says the appeal, which was made on September 22 leaders of Russian sports. The document was signed by the heads of the Coordination Committee under the President of the Russian Federation and the Committee on Physical Culture. Russian Olympic Committee, National Sports Foundation of the Russian Federation.

First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Oleg Soskovets interrupted his vacation and returned from Sochi to Moscow, his press secretary Yuri Mikhailov told reporters. Immediately upon arrival in the capital, Oleg Soskovets met with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation, Viktor Chernomyrdin, and had a conversation with him for more than an hour, during which the main tasks facing the production and industrial complex at the present time were identified.
In an interview, Russian Minister of Agriculture Viktor Khlystun said that from the point of view of the logic of the development of events, Russian President Boris Yeltsin “had no other choice.”
The General Directorate of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company at its meeting unanimously expressed support for the president’s actions as “the only possible one in this political situation.”
The Democratic Party of Russia issued a statement in which it draws attention to the fact that once again the authorities are turning to the people when they cannot agree with each other. The DPR believes that the president violated the Constitution, but at the same time notes that the procedure for swearing in the vice president was not followed. The DPR also stated that the extraordinary congress should call early elections for both branches of government and agree that the main legislative body of the Russian Federation should be the Federal Assembly, and not the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
The Political Council of the Moscow organization of the Democratic Party of Russia qualified Boris Yeltsin's actions as an attempted coup.
Co-chairman of the Moscow Confederation of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs Elena Voldemarova said that Moscow entrepreneurs have suspended all business operations because there is no confidence in their normal completion.
People's Deputy of the Russian Federation, political scientist and economist Tatyana Koryagina told reporters: “I have the impression (by the way, not for the first time) that Gorbachev is overthrowing Yeltsin on the shoulders of the opposition, taking revenge on him for his political defeat.”

At a press conference of the leaders of the Democratic Russia movement, which was attended by the co-chairman of the DR Ilya Zaslavsky, a member of the Coordination Council of the DR, the head of the writer's organization "April" Alla Gerber and the co-chairman of the Moscow organization of the DR Yuliy Nisnevich, a statement was distributed, which, in particular, says, that the decision of the President of the Russian Federation “broke the vicious circle of power.” Zaslavsky told reporters that he considers the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation "a get-together of frivolous people."
Russian Muslims are neutral in the current conflict situation between the President of Russia and the parliament, reporters were told at the Moscow Cathedral Mosque. The imam of the mosque, Ravil-hazrat Gainutdinov, refused to comment on the current events, emphasizing that for Muslims the main priorities are “calmness, peacefulness, goodwill.” The leadership of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European Part of Russia takes a similar position.
Radio Armed Forces of the Russian Federation invited all female deputies to gather on the 13th floor to develop an appeal from female deputies to the women of Russia. The initiator was the Supreme Council Committee on Women's Affairs.
By decree of President Boris Yeltsin, Valentin Stepankov was appointed Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.
The Political Council of the Economic Freedom Party (PES) adopted a statement saying that the PES fully supports the idea of ​​the President of the Russian Federation on the need to immediately hold elections to the new parliament of Russia and re-election of the President of the Russian Federation.
“September 1993 reminds me of August 1991. As then, the vice-president and the chairman of the Supreme Council ended up together. This is the same State Emergency Committee,” said co-chairman of the Economic Freedom Party (PES) Konstantin Borovoy.
Answering the question: “How did Russian entrepreneurs react to the political events that took place?” PES co-chairman Konstantin Borovoy said that businessmen fully support the policies of the President of the Russian Federation. “The only thing we are afraid of,” noted Borovoy, “is that Uncle Borya might hand us over. We are not afraid of anything else.”

At a closed session of the RF Supreme Court, deputy Svetlana Goryacheva spoke with a draft resolution “On measures to ensure political stability.” Suggested:
1. To ensure the protection of constitutional authorities, means of communication and the protection of public order, connect certain military units according to a closed list.
2. Instruct Defense Minister Achalov to ensure the security of constitutional authorities and take all appropriate measures. At the same time, all orders of former Defense Minister Pavel Grachev are considered invalid as of September 21, and their implementation is equated to a state crime.
Commenting on the decision, Ruslan Khasbulatov said that by this decision the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation takes upon itself to ensure the protection and work of constitutional authorities, at the same time, the new Minister of Defense was not given permission to open hostilities, although in this difficult situation he (Achalov) has the right take all measures to implement the decision of the RF Armed Forces.
The Prime Minister of the Russian Federation sent a telegram to the heads of administrations of territories, regions, autonomous okrugs, the autonomous region, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg: “In connection with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation #1400 of September 21, 1993 “0 phased constitutional reform in the Russian Federation” decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation ", the documents distributed under the signature of Rutskoi from 20:00 on September 21 have no legal force and cannot be executed. I warn you about personal responsibility for the implementation of the decree and orders of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation on your territory."

“There will be no forceful actions on the part of the presidential government,” First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Shumeiko said at a meeting with journalists on September 22.
In his opinion, it is necessary to “react very decisively to disagreement with the presidential decree.” Thus, according to V. Shumeiko, the presidential decree states: “Invite the Constitutional Court not to hold its meetings until the elections of the Federal Assembly.” The Constitutional Court responded to the president’s proposal by holding a meeting, disagreeing with the president’s proposal, making its decision and making it public. “I think that now the president must take the next step: no longer propose, but simply not convene the Constitutional Court before the elections; we, as the executive branch, will do everything in our power to prevent this body from working. This will be done without any violence. The government has For this there are many different technical and any other means, such as depriving these buildings of water, gas, electricity, electricity, etc.,” Shumeiko emphasized.
The Deputy Prime Minister described Alexander Rutsky’s actions as “a direct violation of the law, a seizure of power under a living, popularly elected, actually functioning president.”
Grigory Yavlinsky said at a press conference that the decisions taken by the President of the Russian Federation are not optimal for the given situation, despite the fact that “the parliament is very illegitimate.” The head of the Epicenter called the conflict between the parliamentary and presidential structures “the agony of failed power” and refused to “unconditionally support any of the parties to the conflict.”
Free trade unions of Russia, including the Independent Trade Union of Miners, the Trade Union of Air Traffic Controllers, the Trade Union of Scientists, the Trade Union of Coal Industry Employees and some others, stated that they consider the actions of the President of Russia the only civilized way out of the current political crisis.
General Director of the Center for Applied Political Research Georgy Satarov, in a conversation with reporters, said that, in his opinion, in a week everything will calm down and be settled in favor of the president.

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