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THE GIFT OF THE WORD #122 (175)
Projective lexicon of the Russian language April 17, 2005

Congratulations to our dear readers on the upcoming holiday -
Intellectual's Day, which is celebrated on Thursday, April 21,
between two totalitarian holidays:

April 20 - Hitler's Birthday
April 21 - Intellectual's Day
(Alternative Consciousness Day)
April 22 - Lenin's birthday

For information about this holiday, see the previous issue .

DAR IS 5 YEARS OLD. ANNIVERSARY ISSUE (1)

Dear friends! Today is the first big anniversary of “The Gift of the Word” - its fifth anniversary. The first issue (with the one-word "one-word") was published on April 17, 2000, and then had about 30-40 readers. Now their number has increased to 2150. I am grateful to all Dar readers for their attention and creative participation in this project!

Here are some anniversary statistics for five years:
First year: 28 author issues, 185 new words; also 1 guest (4 words) and 3 reader issues
Second year: 13 author's issues, 63 words; 12 competition (220 words), 2 guest (54 words) and 2 reader
Third year: 22 authors, 156 words; 5 guest (63 words) and 4 reader
Fourth year: 29 authors, 223 words; 1 guest, 1 reader
Fifth year: 30 author issues, 211 words; 6 guest (133 words), 1 reader

In just five years: 122 author issues, 838 words.
12 competition - 220 words, 15 guest - 254 words, 11 reader's editions.
Total - 1312 words

In this issue:

Sergey Kuznetsov about "The Gift"
Preliminary results
The most successful author's neologisms in the Russian language
The most common words of "Dara": the first seven

Sergey Kuznetsov about "The Gift"

A book by the famous writer and journalist Sergei Kuznetsov was recently published. Feeling the elephant: Notes on the history of the Russian Internet. M.: New Literary Review, 2004. One of its chapters (Part 2, Chapter 6, pp. 134 - 135) is dedicated to “The Gift of the Word.” It includes an early note (2000) and a contemporary commentary. Due to brevity, I present the text in its entirety. I insert updated data in square brackets.

What is sunshine? "Vesti.ru", April 2000
“Probably, Mikhail Epstein was one of the first - if not the very first - professional Russian culturologist to come to the Network.
In 1995, he created the Intelnet project and even received an award for it.
London Institute of Social Invention. At the same time, in Runet he
always looked a little strange. Firstly, a high professional status in the humanities (teacher at an American University, author of seven - now eight - Russian and American, member of the Writers' Union, and so on and so forth). Secondly, after all, age: this year Epstein will turn (turned) half a century old... May Ivanovich Mukhin, of course, is older, but everyone else seems to be much younger.

In short, Epstein was a little younger than the American sixties,
who started this very Internet, and are much older than the young punks,
developing the Network in recent years. No wonder he always
avoided the Russian Internet community (it was not for nothing that the Russian version of Intelnet appeared later than the English one) and existed as if on its own. However, isn’t this why the Internet was invented - so that we could all be comfortable on our own?

But on April 17, Mikhail Epstein presented his new project,
called "The Gift of the Word". It is a kind of mailing list, to which once a week Epstein sends a “word of the week” with definitions, interpretations, derivative words and examples of use.

SOLNOCH (with emphasis on the first syllable, as in the word
"midnight") - bright darkness, black sun, radiance of darkness. "Night -
this is also the sun" - this is what Nietzsche’s Zarathus said to the Sun
- this is the night, bright and shining like the sun - the black sun
Apocalypse.

A similar project "A.Word.A.Day" operates on the English-language Internet. However, the words and interpretations that are sent daily to subscribers
are generally known and are taken from standard dictionaries.

The peculiarity of the “Gift of the Word” project is that none of the proposed
words are not in any of the existing dictionaries. Each word is created by the author of the project and transmitted to all subscribers and readers freely
use. A new word can become the refrain of the coming week, a password in the communication of subscribers, the subject of further reflection and literary creativity.

At the moment, three words have already been sent: “one-word” (at the same time describes the genre), “come true” (that is, having the property of coming true) and “sunny” (if you haven’t guessed it, see the announcement at the top). The words are succinct, the interpretations are long and convincing, with examples and explanations. Epstein promises the project will last a year and encourages everyone to sign their friends up for the sheet. As a result, in two weeks the number of subscribers increased by about forty people - I think that it would not be a violation of netiquette to encourage readers to join as well. To do this, you need to send an email with the subject dar subscribe to russmne@emory.edu. To “unsubscribe”, you must, of course, send a letter dar unsubscribe.

Happy monologues!"

Because, as I wrote, Epstein is not some young punk, but a serious humanitarian person, and he has solid projects. Well, how long would such a newsletter have lasted if any other hero of this book had done it, especially considering that there was so much money for this work?
one can judge that Mikhail Epstein is not getting paid.
I, of course, do not want to say that everything on the Internet is based on money - I know better than many that it is not (take LiveJournal, for example). However, the longest-running projects are those in which the authors replace each other - for example, Manin's "Burim". "The Gift of Speech"
Unlike him, the project is still the author’s, although, true to the spirit of the Network, Epstein involves readers in his work.
One way or another, to this day the newsletter continues to be published, it has just under two thousand subscribers, 130 [175] issues have been published, of which 45 [53] are reader, guest and competition issues, and the rest are written by Epstein himself. A serious result, whatever you say.
However, mailing is only the tip of the iceberg. During this time, Epstein published several issues in Komsomolskaya Pravda and Novaya Gazeta; another 25 were published in Russian Journal. Once every two weeks, Topos publishes the Projective Dictionary of Philosophy, akin to the Gift of
words", and the publishing house "Russian Language" plans to release the entire corpus of single words in 2005 [2006 or 2007].
Unfortunately, I personally am completely mediocre at coming up with new words - and I would really like to come up with some word for Epstein himself... say, “conceivable” - in the sense of “solid” and “unpredictable”. Or “versebenny” - that is, “true to oneself” and
"unfuckable" (in the sense of "grandiose").
No, I told you, I don’t know how to write one-word sentences.

Sergey Kuznetsov. Feeling the elephant: Notes on the history of the Russian Internet. M.: New Literary Review, 2004, pp. 134 - 135.

Preliminary results

The goal of the project is to loosen the soil of the Russian language, so to speak, to prepare it for spring sowing, for lexical and grammatical renewal. But, of course, I am not indifferent to the fate of the already sown seeds: are any sprouts visible from them? Five years is a tiny period in the life of a language. Prof. Alan Metcalfe, based on extensive observations of English neologisms, believes that only after 40 years it is possible to judge whether a given word has taken root in the language. [1] Even if a word was a great success in one generation, it is unknown whether it will pass on to another. In addition, some new words that were not adopted at one time are then reinvented and introduced into use by other authors.

And yet, a five-year period is sufficient to roughly draw preliminary results. Although many words are still in their infancy (1-2 years), some have already matured into youth, since they were proposed before they appeared in The Gift - since 1982.

It seems to me that eight words have so far been truly mastered in the language: “sovok” (“scoops”), “metarealism” (“metarealists”), “eroticon”, “ossetit”, “lyublya”, “real”, "network" and "one-word".

“Erotology” is often used, but in this case it is a semantic, not a lexical neologism: the word was used before, but only as a rare, archaic synonym for the word “sexology”, and only since 2001 has it acquired the meaning of a special humanitarian discipline (comparable to aesthetics , linguistics, art theory), in contrast to sexology as a natural science discipline, along with the sections of physiology and medicine. “Intellectual network” is often used, but more as a proper name, in relation to my project (megasite).

On the approaches to the “inner possessions” of the language there are such words and terms: “svoepravye” (“one’s own right”), “yar” (male dignity) and “yarit”, “em”, “love”, “lie”, “communicate”, “elya”, “essayism”, “videology”, “humanology”, “transculture”, “object studies”...

The most successful author's neologisms in the Russian language

First of all, let’s pose the question: which of the author’s neologisms introduced into the Russian language over the past two centuries have turned out to be the most successful and in demand in the language? The following list of words with decreasing frequency is compiled according to Yandex . It is, of course, far from complete, but it outlines the historical background of neological activity. The author of the word is indicated in brackets and then the number of its uses throughout the Russian-language Internet.

industry (N. Karamzin) - 26.191.577

sensitivity (N. Karamzin) - 3.799.694

abstruse, abstruse (A. Kruchenykh) - 229.663

noosphere (Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Edouard Leroy, V. Vernadsky) - 187.610

mediocrity (I. Severyanin) - 127.952

Ladomir (V. Khlebnikov) - 55049

stupidity (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin) - 53545

whopper (V. Mayakovsky) - 42362

to fade away (F. Dostoevsky) - 38868

bungler, bungler (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin) - 36827

unity (V. Soloviev) - 34747

pro-meeting (V. Mayakovsky) - 22445

chronotope (A. Ukhtomsky, M. Bakhtin) - 19415

defamiliarization (V. Shklovsky) - 14952

clerk (K. Chukovsky) - 9932

education (A. Solzhenitsyn) - 8440

laugher (V. Khlebnikov) - 7186

all-man (F. Dostoevsky) - 4841

semiosphere (Yu. Lotman) - 4192

out-of-place (M. Bakhtin) - 1974

creator (V. Khlebnikov) - 720

terry cloth (D. Prigov) - 409

tolerance (E. Yevtushenko) - 371

mother (A. Voznesensky) - 151

The most common words of "Dara": the first seven

Now, using the same Yandex search engine, let’s turn to the words from “The Gift”. I present data on the 7 most common words, in descending order of frequency. Each word is given with a reference to the corresponding issue of "The Gift" or to another source, accompanied by a definition and examples, as well as dates of first use and publication (sometimes these vary greatly, especially in Soviet times).

scoop, scoops 2,370,304 uses
For the first time: 1984, book "The Great Owl". BBC radio series, April 1989. Published: New York: Word, 1994.

sovki (the root combines the meanings of “Soviet”, “owl”, “council”, adding the diminutive disparaging suffix “k”) - Soviet people, characteristic representatives of everything Soviet; ordinary workers of the Great Owl, a northern midnight country that reveres owls as their totemic ancestors.

Scoops scurry mainly around the lower areas, their job is to catch mice. Their color is so gray that you can’t tell them apart in the twilight, so the mice, so to speak, fall into their claws themselves. Many Sovtsy and Sovietites consider the Sovs to be exemplary representatives of the entire Velikosov people. Unlike the owls, who sit on the tops, and the owls, who look into the gaps, the owls constantly live and hunt in the twilight for mice as gray as twilight, and they themselves are gray as twilight, which means they are completely similar to those among which remain, fulfilling the philosophical covenant: “light determines the reflection, shadow determines the shade.” Therefore, even more than the Owls, they have earned the right to be considered exemplary citizens of the Great Twilight, and their charcoal portraits are far more represented on the slate Board of Honor than other groups.

eroticon 21433 usages
For the first time: Ivan Solovyov’s reflections on Eros. Compilation and foreword by M. N. Epstein, “Man” magazine, 1991, 1, pp. 195-212.

eroticon (eroticon) - a collection of materials on erotic themes; collection, collection, compendium, encyclopedia, review, review, website with erotic content.

Now this word has become widely popular. The word "Erotikon" refers to online and paper magazines, websites for young people, concerts and pop performances. First published January 1991. The Preface to Reflections on Eros states:

I still have several completed works by Ivan
Solovyov, which, I think, should find their reader, as well as sketches for a huge work, which the author himself considered the main and “definitive” for himself. This is a kind of encyclopedia of the mental quests and misconceptions of mankind. One of the sections of the book was supposedly called “ Erotikon , or Review of All Desires,” from which the following fragments are taken. Their main theme is the diversity of erotic experience, which in Ivan Solovyov’s interpretation acts as a path of intimate, involved knowledge of the world in general.

The word " eroticon " is formed on the model of the word "Satyricon" - this is the name of the famous novel by the Roman classic Petronius. To the Greek root "eros" is added the same Greek suffix "kon" as in the words "lexicon", "typicon", giving the word the meaning of an adjective ("lexikos", "relating to words") and then a noun formed from it (" lexicon", i.e. something containing what belongs to words). Accordingly, the “ eroticon ” contains everything that relates to eros.

metarealIzm , metarealIst 8040 uses
For the first time: “Theses on Metarealism and Conceptualism”, read out on June 8, 1983 at the Central House of Artists (Moscow), as the beginning of a discussion evening “On the debate about metarealism and conceptualism.” The first publication is in Art. M. Epstein. A generation that has found itself. About young poetry of the early 80s. Questions of literature, 1986, #5, p. 40-72. See also in the book. Literary manifestos from symbolism to the present day. Comp. and preface S. B. Dzhimbinova. M. XXI century - Consent, 2000, p. 514-521.

Metarealism - artistic and intellectual movement of the 1970s and 1990s. in Russia, represented by the poetry and essays of Viktor Krivulin, Olga Sedakova, Alexey Parshchikov, Ivan Zhdanov, Alexander Eremenko, Elena Schwartz, Arkady Dragomoshchenko, Ilya Kutik, Vladimir Aristov, etc. In philosophical terms, metarealism is meta-physical realism , i.e. that is, realism not of physical reality, but of the superphysical nature of things. In terms of style, this is metaphorical realism , moving from the conditional similarity of things to their real mutual involvement, i.e. from metaphor - to metamorphosis.

What is usually called “realism” in art is the realism of just one of the realities, the social-empirical one. Metarealism is the realism of many realities connected by the continuity of metabolic transformations. There is a reality open to the vision of an ant, and a reality open to the wandering of an electron, and a reality folded into a mathematical formula, and a reality about which I and the heavenly flight of angels are said. Metareal image, metamorphosis, metabola is a way of interconnecting all these realities, affirming their growing unity.

The metareal image does not simply reflect one of these realities (mirror realism), does not simply compare, liken (metaphorism), does not simply refer from one to another through hints, allegories (symbolism), but reveals their true involvement, mutual transformation, reliability and inevitability of a miracle . “...I know something about miracles: they are like sentries on a clock” (O. Sedakova). Miracles observe the laws of another reality within this one, the image becomes a chain of metamorphoses that embrace Reality as a whole, in its dreams and awakenings, in its dropping and connecting links. The prefix “meta” adds to “realism” what it itself subtracts from the all-encompassing Reality.

OsEtit 5457 usages
For the first time in this meaning in the online magazine Grani.ru 5/30/2001

osEtit - bring to the Internet; post, publish, publish on the Internet.

Without waiting for the paper edition,
Kalugin recently visited his new
novel "Prisoner of Freedom".

It's time for your business to settle down , it's not
can only move paper
advertising.

In the face of attacks on freedom of speech
need to urgently visit the main
sources of independent information. So,
Lenta.Ru recently visited
weekly "Itogi", paper version
which was closed.

loving 4632 uses
For the first time The Gift of the Word , issue 6, 22.5.2000. Published in Novaya Gazeta , 22.8.2002.

loving - carnal love, intimacy; love as play and pleasure; joint, reversible actions of lovers and loved ones.

The word " lyublya " combines the root "lyub" with the productive suffix "la" of verbal nouns (cf. "rowing", "purchase", "trade").
Thus, in the Russian language there can be at least two main nouns from the root "lyub": "lyubov" and " lyublya ".

One night together in a hotel - and many years of memories. In Bunin's story "Sunstroke" what happened as love turns into love with separation.
Oleg spent a long time watching the love of pigeons, turtles and other innocent creatures, filled with tenderness for nature, which deprived no one of this joy. Now everyone has a choice of how to love, “ov” or “ la ”.

“Love comes first, and loving comes later,” said old man Pogodin in his instruction to the young.

Lyublya is Venice, “a golden dovecote by the water,” as Akhmatova wrote. Love is a soft word, like cooing; I want to stroke him like a dove. Love is Bunin's "Dark Alleys" - a veil, a glove, stiletto heels, violets, light breath, a greenish stocking, a warm pink body... Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Blok, Mayakovsky - everyone wrote about love, and only Bunin managed to find enchanting words for love.

“Love” and “ lyublya ” have different methods of prepositional control. "" Love to someone with someone or something ", i.e., a prepositionally and case, expressed compatibility is not provided for by the rules of compatibility of the Russian language [5].

According to the laws of grammar, love should always be “ to ” - to the one who may not notice it. You have love for your homeland or people, for work or freedom, but what do they need to you? But with luxury , it doesn’t happen, it is always “ C ”, like life and game, requires a creative case in the meaning of complicity, justice. " Lyubbly with his wife, with her husband, with a friend, a charming young lady, the first oncoming, mysterious stranger ..." It is the compatibility with the preposition "C" and the creation of the case that gives the word " luxury " a different lexical and grammatical meaning than "love". "Love" is a feeling and action in one direction, from a loved one. “ Lyubble ” is a reversible feeling and action, in which loving and loved ones participate jointly, “love each other”, “ love ”, “ licked ” without dividing into the subject and object. “ Lunie C ” is a mutual, divided, simultaneous or alternate action: love -game, pursuit, hobbies, intoxication, fishing, hide and seek, overtaking, swirls.

Real 4158 of the usage
For the first time in the network journal Grani.ru 04.07.2001

Realdom ( Realdom ) - the sphere of reality, taken in relation to other, virtual and normal spheres of being; everything that exists outside the Electronic Universe from the point of view of its inhabitant; Being outside the network (off-line).

Real should not be confused with reality. Reality is that which is primary, from all sides surrounds people, imposes its physical and social laws. Real is secondary. This is what reality turns out to be when we managed to forget about it, disconnect, enter the virtual dimension, and then we visit it like free wanderers around the worlds. Real is a reality from which you can leave and return.

The word " real " is formed according to the same model as the term "astral" - a subtle, mental plan of the "star" of the other, in which the communication of earthlings with spiritual beings occurs. For virtuals - The inhabitants of the network worlds - Real - is the same distant plan of being as the Astral - for the inhabitants of the Earth.

The meeting of our network group in real life is scheduled for 7 hours.

Much of what is now born on the network is transferred to Real .

Literary magazines are still published in real life , but they are less read: it’s easier to pull off an interesting thing from the screen.
One of the main pleasures of the network is that at the exit from it you can re -feel the taste of coffee, the smell of trees, etc., i.e. Return the high of Real Madrid , which disappears when you stay in it for a long time and hopelessly.

Reality tires and drives depression when there is nothing to change to. It is the transitions there and back, re - vi - re, form the charm of real -virtual being, and therefore, in principle, it is not worth ovirtualing the world and the network , let them be apart, like the notes of "re" and "vi" on which it is played out This music of double existence.

Settlement 3452 of the Wage consumption
For the first time: from the totalitarian era - to the virtual. USSR and WWW, " Introduction to the Book of Books ", April 21, 1998. transferred on the Radio "Freedom" on August 10, 1999.

Nouns on -xod can also be animated: “pedestrian”, “sailor”, “speed” - and inanimate: “all -terrain vehicle”, “steamer”, “snowmobile”. Therefore, the term " piecase " can also indicate a browser, a network all -terrain vehicle, and a user, a network pedestrian. The word was proposed in both meanings, but over time the second, for example, in such headings of the network press began to prevail: "China is already in second place in the number of settings ." " Seteems will be able to feel the goods in online stores."

Setwear (1) - a program for moving over the network, viewing electronic pages.

Network-on-sew-light quickly gained popularity with the creation of a secretary called Mosaic, which was developed in the United States by Mark Endrissen and others in the National Center for the Use of Applied Supervision of the University of Illinois and was released in September 1993. Mosaic allowed users to users Use the same graphics and technology of "spot pressing", which had previously been used in computers for several years. In April 1994, Endrissen became the uncertainr of the communication corporation Netskayip, whose product, Netskite navigator, became the prevailing model of a secretwork shortly after its release in December 1994.

Setwear (2) - network user, page on its pages.

The new processor will allow all the secretary to become soon.
Russian settings hold a competition for high -speed search on the network.
In Moscow, a new cafe for virtuals " Settlerings " opens.

-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
1. Allan Metcalf. Predicting New Words: The Secrets of Their Success. Boston, New York: Houthon Mifflin Company, 2002, P.168
__________________________________________________________________
The network project of Mikhail Epstein "The Gift of the Word" is released from April 17, 2000. Every week, several new words are sent to subscribers, with definitions and examples of use. There are no these words in any dictionary, but meanwhile they denote the essential phenomena and concepts for which there was no place in the language and public consciousness. "The Gift of the Word" also holds discussions and competitions for the best monosseouses, discusses the letters and suggestions of readers. "The gift of the word" can serve as a manual by word -making, the introduction of linguistic fantasies and mental technologies into the world of linguistic fantasies.

Sign on the "gift" of your friends and acquaintances
Subscription form - in the same place where all previous issues