Translated material
Egor Otroshchenko. Century=text. Issue 44: 1944
Egor Otroshchenko
Publication date: January 19, 2001
POEM OF THE YEAR | EVENTS | BOOK OF THE YEAR | CHARACTERS AND PERFORMERS
Poem of the Year
Before the attack When they go to death -
═ ═ ═ ══sing,
and before that
═ ══you can cry.
After all, the most terrible hour in battle is
an hour of waiting for an attack.
The snow is full of mines all around
and turned black from mine dust.
Gap.
“And a friend dies.
And that means death passes by.
Now it's my turn.
Follow me alone
═ ═ ═hunting is underway.
Rocket
asks the firmament
and infantry frozen in the snow.
It seems to me that I am a magnet
that I attract mines.
Gap.
“And the lieutenant wheezes.
And death passes by again.
But we already
═ ══unable to wait.
And he leads us through the trenches
numb enmity
a hole in the neck with a bayonet.
The fight was short.
═ ═ ══And then
drank ice-cold vodka,
and picked it out with a knife
from under the nails
═ ══I am someone else's blood.
Gudzenko S. Fellow soldiers. Poetry. - M.
Events
On New Year's Eve, the new national anthem of the Soviet Union was played on the radio for the first time.
During the year, the magazine "October" publishes the 2nd volume of V. Kaverin's novel "Two Captains" .
On April 29, A.S. Novikov-Priboi died.
In November , returning from the front, the poet I. Utkin died in a plane crash.
The persecution of M. Zoshchenko, which began last year, continues.
In "Bolshevik" #2 an article " About another harmful story " appeared, signed: V. Gorshkov, G. Vaulin, L. Rutkovskaya, P. Bolshakov.
“...We, Leningrad ordinary readers, were greatly impressed by “Rainbow” by Vasilevskaya, “The Unconquered” by Gorbatov, “Front” by Korneychuk, “The People are Immortal” by Grossman, the works of Nikolai Tikhonov, Al. Tolstoy. In all these works we found a fiery a call to life and struggle, unshakable faith in the triumph of our just cause.
A different, directly opposite impression is left by Zoshchenko’s vulgar, anti-art story “Before Sunrise,” published in the pages of the magazine “October.”
Zoshchenko's story is alien to the feelings and thoughts of our people...
It's disgusting to read the story. The author himself is also unattractive. It was in vain that we thought at one time that Zoshchenko was looking for the spit-stained everyman, trying to show him as a dying piece of a long-forgotten past. ...There are few people in the Soviet country who, during the days of the struggle for the honor and independence of our homeland, would find time to engage in “psychological picking”, studying their own person. Soviet people never get bored, and workers and peasants have never suffered from such “illnesses” as Zoshchenko drowned in.
How could Zoshchenko write this nonsense, needed only by the enemies of our homeland?..
The editorial board of the magazine "October" committed criminal negligence by placing this vulgar and harmful work on the pages of the magazine in our time."
Book of the Year
Schwartz E.L. The Dragon. A fairy tale in 3 acts. - M.
"... a fairy tale is told... so that the listener understands something in it, guesses something. In the Middle Ages, both in Russia and in the West, the fairy tale was one of the most common forms of expression of progressive, revolutionary and popular thought ... This is how the fairy tale was preserved in folklore, and Pushkin wrote:
The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it:A lesson to good fellows.
A very dubious lesson is taught by the fairy tale “The Dragon” by Evgeniy Schwartz, presented in dramatic form and distributed by the All-Union Copyright Office...
The author of this tale made it a rule to follow the traditions of Western European folklore. But through the fairy-tale veil and traditional images, a harmful, ahistorical and anti-people, philistine point of view on modernity is being dragged through...
The moral of this tale, its “hint” is that there is no need to fight a dragon - other, smaller dragons will take its place; and the people are not worth breaking spears for; and the knight fights only because he does not know all the baseness of the people for whom he fights.
“So it was, so it will be” - this notorious libel by L. Andreev on the revolution of 1905 is remembered when you read the fairy tale by E. Schwartz. What a callous heart one must have, how far one must be from the national struggle against Hitlerism, in order to compose such a draconia.
Schwartz composed a lampoon on the heroic liberation struggle of the people against Hitlerism. His tale is a slander against the peoples languishing under the rule of the dragon, under the yoke of Hitler's occupation, the peoples fighting against Hitler's tyranny. Then the author needed the language of allegory, a fairy-tale veil thrown over pacifist ideas." ( S. Borodin . Harmful fairy tale. "Literature and Art", #13).
Characters and performers
Shklovsky V. In memory of Tynyanov | Simonov K. Days and nights | Gudzenko S. Fellow soldiers | Inber V.M. About Leningrad | Ehrenburg I. War | Other worksShklovsky V.
In memory of Tynyanov. "Banner", #1.
“At the Vagankovskoye cemetery, under a black forked, leaning tree, sand lay on the snow.
Tynyanov was buried.
He was sick with multiple sclerosis, the disease covered his nerves with lime, tore them the way frost tears telegraph wires.
The disease sometimes retreated, then returned and gripped him even deeper and more terrible.
Tynyanov died.
Streams fell into the river. He carried his burden.
In Leningrad, in a dark apartment, not far from the Kazan Cathedral, there are Tynyanov’s manuscripts, his novels are on the shelves, and there is Kuchelbecker’s archive.
Brick dust rises over Leningrad. The Germans are firing long-range shells at the eternal city.
There are more than fifty small volumes of Russian poets on the shelves; The library of poets was conceived by Gorky and completed by Tynyanov. Novelist, scholar, editor - he delivered a triple burden.
He was in a hospital in Sokolniki. The disease followed him for a long time, then next to him.
Then in front of him.
He was shielded by her.
A large, almost empty room, a bed obscured by a hammock net so that the patient would not fall to the floor in agony.
He lay there, overgrown with a beard; his forehead, convex and beautiful, had not changed. He didn't recognize me right away.
We started talking. I told him about the war, about the twelfth year, about “Woe from Wit.” Chatsky's monologue is spoken in the conflagration of war.
Chatsky saw the fire of a great fire; Byron compared the fire of Moscow with the fire of the revolution. Chatsky is incomprehensible without the Patriotic War. The Russian great nineteenth year in literature was raised by the exploits of the twelfth year.
Tynyanov emerged from the fog of half-oblivion. He returned, he started talking about Platov, Dorokhov, Pushkin, Kutuzov.
The saved quotes flowed with golden rhythm in the old manner of the old Tynianov style.
The friend was returning.
So Odysseus, at the threshold of Hades, returned the souls of the dead to consciousness, allowing the spirits to taste the sacred sacrificial blood.
Tynyanov spoke about the war, about his homeland, about the Aegean Sea, about the fields of the Pskov region.
He died in Moscow and was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery under a black tree. The tree is forked, one trunk is tilted like a yard.
On the Sozh - a fast river with sandy banks, where the Russians were pushing back the Germans, near the battle, soldiers and officers asked me about Tynyanov under the barking of a six-barreled German machine gun.
After the victory, our literature and science will grow.
The feat is not in vain.
Few people came to Tynyanov's funeral.
Friend! Your reader is at war, your reader continues Russian history, the Russian sea reaches its shores, history continues and there is no end in sight.
December, 1943."
Simonov K.
Days and nights. Tale. - M.
“K. Simonov is a keen and observant writer of everyday life of war. The speed with which Simonov casts his observations of life into one literary form or another makes some people wary and distrustful. Can an artist in such a short time comprehend such stunning experiences?
The story is better than Simonov’s Stalingrad essays, and the fictional characters not only did not discolor life observations, as sometimes happens, but, on the contrary, allowed the author to raise a deeper layer of them...
The author captures well the details of people's behavior and the features of everyday life, the most important things characteristic of the historical moment. Following the tradition of Tolstoy, the author finds the heroic in the ordinary...
Wars pass, but art remains. Not so long ago, the author of these lines had to break through an open door, proving the need for such art in this war, which remains. Of course, it is never too late for an artist to say the truth about his time. But a word spoken for its time is precious...
Simonov's story with all its artistic merits and shortcomings is the honest, passionate word of a contemporary about a great historical event. We are grateful to the author for the honesty, ardor and dignified simplicity of the narrative." ( V. Pertsov . The Tale of Stalingrad. "October", #9).
Gudzenko S.
Fellow soldiers. Poetry. - M.
“What is the main drawback of many poems about war written by famous authors? They are conventional. The war in these poems is similar to the paintings of a battle painter. This is war according to Kipling: not courage, but a kind of “male” courage... This is a war from the outside...
Gudzenko's poems, if I'm not mistaken, are the first successful poems written not by an observer of the battle, but by a participant in it. There is no beauty in them. These are not romances or songs from the film. These are real poems. They'll probably only appeal to poetry buffs, but that's no fault. I was always amazed by people who wanted to assure others and themselves that they adore and understand all the arts, that they live in a world of sounds and colors and lines. If people who are not receptive to poetry praise this or that collection of poems, it means that this collection contains some additional “sensation” that is far from poetry.
Poems are good when they say what prose cannot say. It's funny to rhyme a leaflet, essay or novel...
Of course, there is also reflected light in the first book of the young man Gudzenko. It is clear that the stylization or pose of lines such as:
Ashes of fires and ashes of hairThese are soldiers' nomadic traces.
Gudzenko does not yet know “Ashes of Hair” and therefore writes about it conditionally.
It is not, however, a matter of some inevitable mistakes of youth. The point is the birth of a new poet. The war took him. And these poems are about war, about grief and courage, about military friendship, about how the heart expanded in our terrible time. A tiny book, it will replace many poems in which there is water colored like blood. And here are a few drops, but not water - blood." ( I. Ehrenburg . Poems of a Soldier. "Banner", #5-6).
Inber V.M.
About Leningrad. Poem and verses. - L.
“Vera Inber’s collection “About Leningrad” includes, in addition to the poem “Pulkovo Meridian”, the most powerful and significant work in the book, a number of poems. Most of them are original sketches for the poem. They resemble the artist’s sketches for an unfolded canvas, musical sketches, preceding the big symphony. And “Day Concert”, and “Soul of a Leningrader”, “Caring Female Hand”, “We Remember You” and many others - these are all her different variations of the same motives, images, her different shades of the same poetic ideas that captured in the poem.
The poems included in the collection reflect two streams characteristic of the “Pulkovo Meridian”. Some of them continue the traditions of lofty, solemn lyricism... others depict war through everyday life, through everyday life, through concrete human joys and troubles...
The poem and poems of Vera Inber were included in a large and ever-growing cycle of works dedicated to Leningrad: “The Blockade” by Z. Shishova, “The February Diary” by Olga Berggolts, the poem by N. Tikhonov “Kirov with Us”, his poems, poems by Sergei Spassky, Anna Akhmatova and many others. A new page has been written into the wonderful poetic “history of the city” of Peter and Lenin." ( L. Polyak . Vera Inber. About Leningrad. "Banner", #4).
Ehrenburg I.
War. (April 1943-March 1944). - M.
“The moral superiority of the Soviet people over Hitler’s disciples, over millions of German fascists and their satellites - this was Ehrenburg’s most important theme during the war days. Ehrenburg wrote about the superiority of our ideology and morality, about their inevitable victory over the ideology and morality of the fascists in most of the articles included in the third volume "War"...
Ehrenburg persistently reminds: it is impossible to allow criminals to hide behind the backs of disguised semi-fascists in neutral and warring democratic countries. This makes the book especially topical now, when in some places in the West similar semi-fascists are trying to prevent the complete military, moral and political defeat of Hitler’s Germany." ( B. p . "October", #11-12).
And others:
Aliger M. Poems and poems. 1935-1943. - M.
Asanov N. Miracle on the Nim River. Stories. - M.
Bazhov P. Zhivinka in action. (Ural tales of craftsmanship). - Molotov.
Tales about the Germans. - M.
Bek A. Panfilov's men on the first line. (A Tale of Fear and Fearlessness). - Magadan.
Berggolts O.F. Leningrad. Poems and poems. - M.
Leningrad diary. Poems and poems. 1941-1944. - L.
Vasiliev S. Portrait of a partisan. Trilogy in verse. - M.
The Great Patriotic War. Poems and poems. - M.
German Yu.P. Far to the north. Tale. - M.
Cold sea. Tale. - M.-L.
Gladkov F.V. Oath. Stories. - M.
Gordeev S. Ukraine. Poetry. - Ufa.
Grossman V. Old teacher. Stories. - Magadan.
Gudzenko S. Fellow soldiers. Poetry. - M.
Dolmatovsky E. Faith in victory. Poems 1941-1943 - M.
Drozdov A.M. Green Garden. Tale. - M.
Dudin M. Military Neva. Poetry. - L.
Guard Road. Poetry. - L.
Zharov A.A. Boris Safonov. Poem. - M.
Kerim. Poem. - Makhachkala.
Zhdanov N. People of strong will. Stories. - M.
Ivanov Vs.V. On the Borodino field. Stories 1939-1943 - M.
Ilyenkov V. Return. Stories. - Magadan.
Inge Yu. Logbook. Selected Poems. - M.
Isakovsky M.V. Hello, Smolensk. Poems and songs. - Smolensk.
Poems and songs. - M.
Kaverin V.A. White yacht. Stories. - M.
Belt. Stories. - Magadan.
Karavaeva A.A. Lights. Novel. - M.
Kataev V.P. Wife. Novels and stories. - M.
Kezhun B. Stories of the Northern Mountains. Poetry. - Belomorsk.
Kozhevnikov V. War workers. Stories. - M.
Kozin V. Mountains and night. Stories. - M.
Koldunov S. Stories. - M.-L.
Kochnev M. Embrace of the Earth. Poetry. - Ivanovo.
Warriors of labor. Poetry. - Ivanovo.
Lebedev-Kumach V. Komsomol members-sailors. Poems and songs. - M.
Lunch L. Emergency reserve. Humorous stories and fairy tales. - Rostov on Don.
Lifshits V. Oath. Poems 1941-1943. Active army. Leningrad Front. - M.
Lyashko N.N. Russian nights. Stories. - Sverdlovsk.
Martynov L. Heat-color. Poems. - Omsk.
Marshak S.Ya. Military mail. Poetry. - M.
Matusovsky M. When Lake Ilmen makes noise. Poetry. - M.
Mikhalkov S. For big and small. Poetry. - M.
Nagibin Yu. At the cost of life. - M.
A big heart. Stories. - M.
Two forces. Stories. - M.
Guardsmen on the Dnieper. Feature article. - M.
Nikulin L.V. Golden Star. Tale. - M.
Novikov-Priboy A.S. Captain 1st rank. Novel. - M.
Ostrovoy S. Poems. - M.
Pavlenko P. On a high cape. Stories. - M.
Popova L. Wings of Life. Poem. - L.
Prokofiev A. Harmon. Poetry. - L.
Rylenkov N.I. Father's house. Poetry. - M.
Savin L. Old people. Stories. - Tashkent.
Sayanov V.M. Stories about Russian warriors. (In verse). - M.
Sedykh K. Dauria. Novel. - Irkutsk.
Serafimovich A.S. In native places. Stories. - M.
Sidorenko N.N. On watch. Poetry. - Khabarovsk.
Simonov K. War. Poems 1937-1943 - M.
Poems. 1936-1942. - Magadan.
Russian heart. - M.
Extermination camp. - L.
Front line poems. - M.
Skosyrev P.T. Farhad. Tale. - M.
Sobolev L.S. The roads of victories. - M.
Soloviev L. Sevastopol stone. Stories. - M.-L.
Somova S. Tashkent. Poetry. - Tashkent.
Sofronov A. Steppe soldiers. Poetry. - M.
Feather grass. Poetry. - M.
Surkov A.A. Russia is punishing. Poems of 1943. - M.
Tikhonov N.S. Leningrad takes the battle. Essays. - L.
Tolstoy A.N. Carry out stories. 1910-1943. - M.
Utkin I.P. About the Motherland. About friendship. About love. Poetry. - M.
Fadeev A.A. Leningrad during the siege. (From the diary). - M.
Fedin K.A. Gorky is among us. A picture of literary life. - M.
Fish G.I. Birthday. Tale. - M.
Helemsky Ya. On the Oryol land. Poetry. - M.
Chukovsky N.K. Nine brothers. Tale. - M.
Shaginyan M.S. Ural on defense. Writer's Diary. - M.
Shishkov V.Ya. Rogue. A story from the times of Pugachev. - M.
Shishova Z. Blockade. Poem. - M.
Shklovsky V.B. Meetings. Essays. - M.
Shubin P. People of battle. Poetry. - Belomorsk.
Shchipachev S.P. Selected Poems. - M.
Ehrenburg I. In the fascist menagerie. Essays. - M.
The path to Germany. Articles. - M.
Stories from these years. - M.