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Projective lexicon of the Russian language February 14, 2005
Happy St. Day to all those who love and are loved. Valentina!
This issue is dedicated to Valentine's Day. The lexical and conceptual possibilities of the root "lyub-" have already been discussed in the 2003-2004 issues. (from the 79th , November, to the 94th , May). Their result was 179 one-words on the topic “love” and 12 on the topic “phil”. But there is another international root “eros/erot”, which is presented in this issue.
I would like to once again draw your attention to the new “Observer” section, where neologisms from current literature and the press will be tracked.
Root of the week: eros/erot
Eroticon - a collection of erotic materials. Erotology is the science of tender passion. Erotema is a unit of sensory experience. The erotosphere is the planetary sphere of libido.
eroticon
erotology
erotema
erotosphere
eroticon (eroticon) - a collection of materials on erotic themes; collection, collection, compendium, encyclopedia, review, review, website with erotic content.
Now this word has become widely popular. Google gives 12 thousand cases of its use only in the nominative singular form. The word "Erotikon" refers to online and paper magazines, websites for young people, concerts and pop performances. But when and how did this word originate? According to my information, it was first used in January 1991, in the work “Ivan Solovyov’s Reflections on Eros.” Compilation and foreword by M. N. Epstein, magazine "Man", M., Science, 1991, No. 1, pp.195-212. The Preface says:
I still have several completed works by IvanThe word " eroticon ", as far as I know, was formed in the late 1980s. based on the model of the word "Satyricon" - this is the name of the famous novel by the Roman classic Petronius. To the Greek root "eros" is added the same Greek suffix "kon" as in the words "lexicon", "typicon", giving the word the meaning of an adjective ("lexikos", "relating to words") and then a noun formed from it (" lexicon", i.e. something containing what belongs to words). Accordingly, the “ eroticon ” contains everything that relates to eros.
Solovyov, which, I think, should find their reader, as well as sketches for a huge work, which the author himself considered the main and “definitive” for himself. This is a kind of encyclopedia of the mental quests and misconceptions of mankind. One of the sections of the book was supposedly called “ Erotikon , or Review of All Desires,” from which the following fragments are taken. Their main theme is
variety of erotic experience, which in Ivan’s interpretation
Solovyov acts as a path of intimate, involved knowledge of the world in general.
erotology - erotology (erotology) - the humanitarian science of love, eros, the cultural and creative aspects of sexual desire and the psycho-moral categories associated with it (desire, jealousy, temptation, pleasure, etc.).
Unlike sexology, which established itself as a science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (in the works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, etc.), erotology does not yet have an independent scientific status. This term is used rarely and irregularly. Most often, erotology refers to ancient manuals on the technique of sexual relations: Indian erotology - “Kama Sutra”; Persian erotology - “Peach Branch”, ancient erotology - Ovid’s “Ars Amatoria”... In other words, erotology is “the science of tender passion, which Nason sang about” and which Pushkin’s Onegin was fond of until he got fed up with it. In this understanding, erotology is not the science of sexual relationships, but the art of such relationships as the subject of didactic descriptions and practical instructions. Erotology - this is, as it were, an ancient, “pre-scientific” stage in the development of sexology, when it developed in the forms of (a) intuitive-descriptive, (b) naive-edifying and (c) artistic-narrative.
It is unlikely that such a relationship between “ erotology ” and “sexology”, as a kind of alchemy and chemistry, can satisfy the criteria of expediency. After all, no one, except historians of science, deals with alchemy anymore - so why study ancient erotology , if there is sexology, equipped with medical devices and the latest scientific methods? This is what it says, for example, in the encyclopedic reference book “Sexology”: “However, ancient erotology , i.e. the theory and practice of love, did not set as its goal to explore sexuality. Only with the development of a whole complex of biological and social sciences, after overcoming the resistance of the church and sexological hypocrisy, the prerequisites for an objective study of sexuality arose... Recent research in genetics, endocrinology, neurophysiology, embryology, evolutionary biology, gynecology and other disciplines has made it possible to significantly enrich and expand knowledge in the field of differentiation and relationships between the sexes, the manifestations of human sexuality." [1] In the newest American "Complete Dictionary of Sexology" the term " erotology "has no place at all. But sexology is interpreted as an interdisciplinary science of sex, including medical, physiological, historical, legal, religious, literary aspects. [2]
It turns out that sexology, as it were, absorbs and cancels erotology, as its naive, semi-mythical precursor. Indeed, ancient erotology did not “investigate sexuality” using the neurophysiological, genetic, evolutionary, and other methods that modern sexology uses. But this is precisely the difference in methods , not stages of development. Sexology as it appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. and was established towards its end - this is a natural science discipline, close to medicine and based on a biological basis. It is no coincidence, as noted in the same reference book, that doctors were the first to begin a systematic study of sexual life, and they began not with normal, but with pathological forms." According to M. Foucault, "our society, having broken with the traditions of ars erotica, has equipped itself with a certain scientia sexualis .... Sexuality has defined itself as that which “by nature” is an area permeable to pathological processes and, therefore, requiring intervention - of a therapeutic or normalizing nature...” [3] Sexology from the very beginning was guided by medical interests, was aimed at studying and healing diseases and disorders in the development of sexuality. In this it is akin to other branches of medical science (endocrinology, gynecology, cardiology, etc.). Erotology, on the contrary, turned to the norm, to pleasure and desire, to the creative, joyful manifestations of eros. The norm could be interpreted as broadly as desired, including what later, in the Middle Ages, began to be interpreted as deviation, perversion, devilish lust, etc. But it is important that mythopoetically inspired erotology, in contrast to medically oriented sexology, proceeds from the presumption of health, not illness, in the phenomena of sexual life being studied.
Another significant difference: as part of a broad range of biological disciplines, sexology also studies the sexual activity of animals. Meanwhile, erotology is a humanitarian discipline that studies not sexual relationships, but love and jealousy, desire and pleasure, prohibition and temptation, passion and play as a specifically human phenomenon.
The difference between sexology and erotology is not a difference in stages, but in types of science , a difference between natural science and human science . Sexology studies the biological, physiological and psychophysiological nature of the sexual instinct, while erotology studies the spiritual-physical nature, psychocultural issues and symbolic forms of love relationships. Sexology fits into a number of biological disciplines, and erotology coexists and collaborates with philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, psychology, linguistics, semiotics, art theory and other humanities disciplines. Ancient treatises on the "art of love", as a rule, contain rudimentary elements both sexology and erotology , which are differentiated only many centuries later. These treatises contain physiological observations and practical instructions close to medicine, and at the same time a poetic and philosophical comprehension of human nature, the phenomenology of desire and pleasure.
The word " erotology " was previously used in contextually vague meanings, greatly inferior in popularity to the term "sexology" and practically replaced by it. The term “erotology” acquired independent meaning, in contrast to sexology, in a series of my notes in the online magazine “Grani”: the first publication was “ Erotology and Sexology ” (October 16, 2001)
eroteme (eroteme) - structural and thematic unit of erotica; an erotic event, a unit of sensory experience and action, what makes up the dynamics, the “plot” of erotic relationships. The term is formed with the same French suffix “em” as other designations of structural units of language: “lexeme, morpheme, phoneme”, etc. And also: “theorem, philosopheme, mythologeme”... If eros has a special language, then the use of linguistic methods of term formation is appropriate here.
When determining the eroteme, you can use Lotman’s well-known explanation of the eventfulness of a literary text. “An event in the text is the movement of a character across the boundary of the semantic field.... The movement of the plot, the event, is the crossing of that prohibitive boundary that the plotless structure affirms.... The plot is a “revolutionary element” in relation to the “picture of the world.” [4 ]
Erotema is the crossing of a border, which in the sensory sphere is defined as open - closed, permitted - unauthorized, attractive - repulsive, close - distant, separation - touching. The crossing of a boundary - and therefore an erotic event - can be a touch on the arm, or the lifting of a skirt, or the movement of fingers along the bend of the elbow - it all depends on which boundary determines the structure of the relationship at a given moment in time.
Here is an example of an erotically rich description in I. Bunin’s story “Galya Ganskaya”: here the erotemes are built on the alternation of tactile and visual sensations, as well as on the border of open and closed.
“I walked up the slippery silk greenish stocking, up to the clasp on it, to the elastic band, unfastened it, kissed the warm pink body, the beginning of the thigh, then again into the half-open mouth - she began to slightly bite my lips...”In this sentence, tactile sensations alternate with visual ones, and precede them in a series of epithets. Erotemes here are built on contrasting transitions: from the greenish color and slippery surface of the stocking to the pink color and warm surface of the body. The passage ends with the eroteme “half-open mouth - biting teeth”, where the sensually contrasting sensation of both letting in and pushing out is expressed.
erotosphere (erotosphere) - the totality of all civilizational processes in their relation to desire, as ways of satisfying and containing it, defusing and deferring.
For Freud, only the individual unconscious existed; Jung discovered a deeper layer of the collective. The erotosphere is a collective libido in the same sense in which Jung speaks of the collective unconscious. It has the same carrier as the collective mind that forms the noosphere - united humanity as the subject of history and all volitional, mental and labor transformations of our planet.
The composition of the erotosphere is no less complex than the composition of other planetary spheres - the noosphere, the semiosphere. It includes the same cultural values, means of communication, sign systems, tools and objects of labor and consumption... Desire is mediated by all these countless hierarchies of signs and values, restrained and strengthened by systems of prohibitions and indulgences, thereby moving from instinctive-sexual to actual erotic sphere.
The erotosphere was built over thousands of years, and with each new era its internal tension increased. Hence the almost physical difficulty that is felt in the modern erotosphere , which can barely cope with the mass of accumulated desire. This is how these growing and barely restrained potencies of the all-human libido are characterized in Michel Houellebecq’s novel “Elementary Particles” (in the words of the main character Michel Dzherzinski): “The advertising-erotic society in which we live... strives for the organization of desire, for its growth on an unheard of scale, keeping his satisfaction within the intimate sphere. For such a society to function, for competition to continue, it is necessary to increase desire, it is necessary for it, spreading, to devour human life." [5]
You can learn more about the above ideas and concepts in my book The Space Sign. On the Future of the Humanities . M.: New Literary Review, 2004, pp. 396-460.
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1. Sexology. Encyclopedic reference book, 3rd ed. Minsk, Belarusian Encyclopedia, 1995, p. 271.
2. The Complete Dictionary of Sexology. New Expanded Edition, ed. Robert T. Francoeur. NY: Continuum, 1995, p. 588.
3. Michel Foucault. The will to knowledge. History of sexuality, vol. 1, in his book. The will to truth. Beyond knowledge, power and sexuality. Per. With Tabachnikova. M., Magisterium Castal, 1996, pp. 168, 169.
4. Yu. M. Lotman. The structure of a literary text. M., Art, 1980, pp. 282, 288.
5. Michel Houellebecq. Elementary particles. M., Inostranka, BSGPRESS, 2001, pp. 210-211.
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Aphorism
As soon as I see you, I’m not able to utter a word. But the tongue immediately goes numb, a light heat quickly runs under the skin, the eyes stare, seeing nothing, and there is a continuous ringing in the ears. Then . I’m drenched in heat, all my limbs are covered in trembling, the grass becomes greener, and it’s as if I’m about to say goodbye to life
Sappho, ancient Greek poetess (6th century BC)
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Memo (from previous issues)
love is the state of being loved; the experience and atmosphere of universal love; love is like a cosmic element. Love is when I love , when This , It , called “ LOVE ,” comprehends me from above, overwhelms me with itself. Love (from whom to whom) has a separate subject and object, and in love, the subject himself becomes the object of an impersonal, subjectless state. Love is when the heart wants and can love, when it “loves.” “And the heart burns again and loves because it cannot help but love” - this is love , which precedes love and embraces it, just as possibility precedes its incarnation. Love is more than love, it is like God towards man.
fell upon him Then a great love - sleepy, dreamy. “Dope,” he called it to himself. It’s not that he loved anyone, but his heart asked for love, and not even love, but some kind of boundless love : beloved and loving faces, eyes, voices...The gaze is directed into the distance, the mind into the depths, and the heart into love.
--------------------------------------------------------------------Where the Great Guba has been for centuries
She took cities by pestilence,
Suddenly Great Love came :
Kill the poison or kill the lion -
You will never die.
( issue 7 )
Observer
M. Kulakova
Culture = system of prohibitions, -
Marina said, and I
answered her something to this,
but I looked like a pig.
Away from the culture of poets?
Of course, since they
such a system of prohibitions ,
God save Marin!
Alexander Eremenko. New poems. "Znamya", 2005, page 1.
Otpret is the antonym of the word “ban”. Wed. antonymity of the prefixes "from" and "for"
in verbs such as “open - close”, “unlock - lock”; hence the possible “ prohibit ”, in the sense of “remove, eliminate the ban.”
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network project Mikhail Epstein's "The Gift of Words" has been published since April 17, 2000. Every week, several new words are sent to subscribers, with definitions and examples of use. These words are not in any dictionary, and yet they denote significant phenomena and concepts for which there has not yet been a place in the language and public consciousness. “The Gift of Words” also conducts discussions and competitions for the best one-word sentences, discusses letters and suggestions from readers. “The Gift of Speech” can serve as a guide to word creation, an introduction to the world of linguistic fantasies and mental technologies.
All previous issues
Association of Word and Term Finders is a linguistic community on LiveJournal.
PreDictionary - a collection of English neologisms by M. Epstein.