Volgodonsk, September 16, 1999

The process ending in the Moscow City Court over terrorists participating in the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow and Volgodonsk took place closed, and only fragmentary information was received about what was happening. Having met with the participants in the process, the correspondents of the "authorities" Fedor Maksimov and Olga Allenova found out the details of the high -profile business.

Yusuf Krymshamkhalov and Adam Dekushev could not find lawyers. The defenders refused for several reasons: from the very beginning it was clear that it was impossible to win the process, it was not necessary to count on a large fee either, and there was no good PR at such a court. As you know, no one loves defenders of terrorists.
As a result, Dekkushev received a defender for its intended purpose: they became a colleague of Nechaeva lawyer Natalya Tarasevich from a legal consultation serving the Lefortovo pre -trial detention center, which has been contained in 2002 since 2002. Krymshamkhalov was helped by relatives who hired lawyer Shamil Arifulov. By the way, at this court, the lawyer Arifulov again opposed the prosecutor Igor Verbin, whom he first encountered the process in the case of Eduard Limonov.
New lawyers decided to build a line of defense as follows: to admit the guilt of the accusations, but to achieve an exclusion from the sentence of the 105th article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (murder), which provides for the highest measure of punishment. This was the only chance to get away from a life sentence. The accusations of organizing illegal armed formation and participation in it, storage and transportation of explosives, terrorism and illegal manufacture of weapons put forward by the prosecutor, for a total of twenty years, no more. And it was impossible to prove the failure of these accusations: the investigation has enough evidence.

Photo: ITAR-TASS

Achimeza Gostiyev (second on the right) the accused called an ordinary action movie, subordinate along with all the organizers of the Arabs (to the left of him - the guard of Hattaba, on the right - assistant Khattab Isaev, nicknamed Elsi Red)

How prepared
For example, in the village of Mirny Stavropol Territory, where Yusuf Krymshamkhalov lived, a shed was found, rented from one of the locals under the workshop for the production of dry paint. The examination showed that they were preparing not Serebryanka there, but the mixture, which was then called a hexogen from the light hand of journalists. In fact, a hexogen is an explosive of factory production, used, in particular, for filling the detonators capsules. In the barn, a mixture of sugar, aluminum powder and nitrate were kneaded in the barn - it was the particles of this mixture that found an examination. The forensics did not immediately understand why sugar was needed. At first it was believed that for covering the mixture during transportation. But later it turned out that in the recipe that terrorists received in sabotage camps in Chechnya, sugar is the most important ingredient. It is he who, during the explosion, creates a high temperature at which even stones melt. The mixture was made with the help of a concrete mixer, they were packaged in sugar bags and packaged using a special firmware, also rented. The investigation established the owners of concrete mixers, cars and sellers of sugar bags, who confirmed that they were dealing with Krymshamkhalov and Dekkushev. They also found the owner of the KamAZ, rented by Dekkushev in Kislovodsk for the transportation of explosives. In general witnesses, there were more than enough accusations.

How they drove
The most serious accusation of murder was - it was it that formed the basis of the sentence to a life sentence. It was almost impossible to disown from the 105th, but the defenders tried.
After the first batch of explosives was prepared and packed in bags, Achimez Gostiyev, who, according to the investigation, came to Krymshamkhalov and Dekushev, who, according to the investigation, was the leader of an organized criminal group and one of the organizers of the explosions in Moscow and Volgodonsk. (The accused themselves, however, called Gostyev an ordinary action movie, subordinate to all the organizers of the Arabs.)
Gostiyev took the batch of explosives, but, according to Dekkushev, he was going to send it not to Moscow, but to Chechnya and use it not to kill civilians, but in hostilities against military personnel. Lawyers tried to focus the attention of the court on this: they say, the demolitions were preparing not for the murder, but for the defense of Ichkeria. But this argument did not work: Gostiyev still went not to Chechnya, but to Moscow.
When Gostiyev took the explosives, Deckushev acquired aluminum powder in Volgograd, and in the barn in the village of Mirny, the second batch of explosive mixture was made. KamAZ, loaded with explosives, was sent to Kislovodsk to Uncle Krymshamkhalov. A truck with a broken cab on the road stopped a road patrol. The problem was helped by the old friend of Krymshamkhalov Stanislav Lyubichev from the local traffic inspectorate: he missed the car to the city and even accompanied it. For this, the traffic cop received a bag of granulated sugar, and then, after the end of the investigation, four years of strict regime.
From Kislovodsk, the explosives moved to Volgodonsk. According to the investigation, the terrorists planned to make explosions of houses in Moscow and Volgodonsk at the same time, but the truck in which Krymshamkhalov, Dekushev and their third accomplice Khakim Abaev rode, broke down along the road. While the truck was repaired, in Moscow two houses flew into the air one by one. In the country, the Operation Vortex-Antterror began: road checks, examinations of attics and basements, detention of suspicious people. The trinity of the explosives did not know anything about this until the police stopped them. Having fluently examined the documents and the cargo, the traffic cops told saboteurs to better return home, because "such blacks are now caught everywhere." However, the car continued the path. Deckushev, who knew the Volgodonsk well, in which he lived for several years, competently traveled around the posts, but still unnoticed to drive-the three terrorists who showed suspicious were in the police. In the department, the detainees suggested "disperse in a good way", but the police were honest: they did not take money, but let the potato go for a bag. At the trial, the lawyer of the victims Igor Trunov raised the question of their responsibility: why was the traffic cop from Kislovodsk, who received a bag of sugar, was convicted, and the one who from Volgodonsk is just passing in a witness in the terrorism case? But judge Marina Komarova said that he was judging terrorists, not police officers, and did not consider this issue.

Photo: ITAR-TASS Prishita tried to prove that Adam Dekkushev (right) and Yusuf Krymshamkhalov (left) are guilty of terrorism, but not in the murder

How exploded
Having left the police department, the terrorists carried out their plan. True, the Krymshamkhalov and Deckushev themselves at the court claimed that they were not going to blow up a residential building, but planned to undermine the dam or bridge. This has become a key position of protection: a crime not directed against people can be qualified as a terrorist attack, and not as a murder. "We wanted to blow up the dam or bridge to stop the war in Chechnya and achieve negotiations," the defendants said. Nevertheless, it was unlikely that one could count that the court would seriously relate to such an argument: at the time of the explosion of the house in Volgodonsk, there was no war in Chechnya.
How it turned out that the explosives ruined the civilians of Volgodonsk, the defendants do not know. According to Dekkushev, they realized that the bridge and the dam was not explosive due to the large number of police officers, drove the truck into the courtyard of one of the houses and left in the care of Khakim Abaev, the eldest in the group: "We thought the car would stand there, and Abaev had to guard it just in case." The investigation, however, did not believe in this: it is known that the criminals are lying all the blame on the dead or not detained accomplices. Khakim Abaev really disappeared after the explosions, and the FSB, claiming that in the case of explosions of houses in Moscow and Volgodonsk only Gochiyev remained to detain, indirectly confirms that Abaev was killed, although he was alive in the criminal case and even submitted in the federal wanted list.
According to the prosecution, the picture of crimes looks somewhat different. The explosion in Volgodonsk was carried out by Deckushev, not Abaev. The terrorist was driven by a timer, which, along with the charge of plastic, initiating an explosion, in bags with explosives. During the investigation, Dekushev gave just such testimonies by changing them already at the trial.
The testimonies of the defendants that they did not know anything about the planned explosion of residential buildings was refuted by their accomplice Taukuan French, serving a sentence for the preparation and participation of houses in Moscow. He said that Adam Dekkushev and Yusuf Krymshamkhalov, like other participants in the terrorist group, were aware of the preparing terrorist attacks and acted completely consciously. Talking in the indictment of the role of Krymshamkhalov and Dekkushev in the organization and execution of explosions in Volgodonsk, the prosecutor Igor Verbin focused on the fact that the defendants passed sabotage training in the field camps in Chechnya, where random people do not fall. Moreover, Adam Dekushev was there in front of the explosions of the houses, and Yusuf Krymshamkhalov - already after, which indirectly confirms his desire to continue terrorist activities. True, lawyers interpret this fact differently: “Crimenshamkhalov and Deckushev did not go through sabotage preparation. Having visited the camp in Sergenen-Yurt, Deckushev passed only the first religious training course, which is called the Taliban. Krymshamkhalov was in this camp. They did not possess sabotage skills.”

How to answer
The prosecutor Verbin said that the defendants deserve the death penalty, but since a moratorium has been declared in Russia, he asked for a life imprisonment for them.
“There will be a fair day, but today is the trial of our conscience,” Adam Dekkushev answered this.
This phrase partly shed light on the reasons that prompted Dexkushev to engage in terror.
“He is from a poor family,” his lawyer Natalya Tarasich told the “authorities”. “When Islamic preachers appeared, explaining that“ all problems come from the Russians, ”Dekkushev fell under their influence. In the mosques and camps of militants, such as him, were subjected to strict ideological processing. Already during the trial, Dekushev told me: "Now I am a completely different person, not the same as I was in 1999." In this regard, I insisted on conducting an examination to identify a hidden psychological impact on Dekkushev at that time. The court refused. Although I think that the Research Institute of Psychiatry could establish that at that time Adam was subjected to approximately the same influence as women who become shahids are now.
Adam Dekkushev, according to the lawyer, was under the strong influence of Arabs-instructors and, in particular, Abu Umar. The instructors constantly reminded that he was fighting for faith. For example, when Dekkushev, after the explosions, came to the camp near Sergeni-Yurt and asked Abu Umar to pay him money, Arab was surprised: "What are you talking about, brother? What money? We are fighting for faith." Dekkushev did not even return the money spent on the rental of KamAZ. After that, the terrorist waved his hand at the Vera brothers and joined the gang, attacking the federal columns - there they paid the money regularly, it was only necessary to fix the participation in the attack on the video film. At the trial of a video of the video on which Deckushev participated in the reprisal against military personnel, became one of the important testimonies against the accused. So Whether Dekushev was sincere with his lawyer when he said that after the explosions of the houses he had changed a lot, now he could no longer understand.
The accused Krymshamkhalov and Deckushev smiled all the time while the judge read the verdict. And when the judge asked if the sentence understood, they continued to smile. As if they did not understand what they were sentenced to. Or maybe, on the contrary, they realized that the life sentence was equivalent to the execution, especially if you take into account the experience of Salman Raduev, who was sentenced to life and who died in prison, - which means that soon they will get to where the Jihad warriors get.

Photo: ITAR-TASS for sugar received from terrorists, the traffic police inspector Stanislav Lyubichev (on the left; next to Lyubichev-his lawyer Leonid Lyubimov) paid a four-year period. The policeman from Volgodonsk got potatoes for free

Who will pay
The victims of the explosions in Volgodonsk were in Moscow almost all the time while the process was going on. They arrived not only in order to see people who destroyed their relatives and friends, and to achieve the maximum sentence, these people hoped to receive compensation from the Russian government for damage suffered. But judge Marina Komarova refused to consider the claims filed by the victims of the Russian government, although it was the government, according to the law on the fight against terrorism, that is responsible for what happened. The claims declared to the terrorists themselves were completely satisfied: the court ordered them to pay about 5 million rubles. In favor of 23 victims as compensation for moral damage. The judge also called on the other two thousand victims who did not come to the process, to sue terrorists. These claims will surely be satisfied.
The victims and their representative Trunov did not agree with this, promising to appeal the verdict. “The court did not investigate the organization of terrorist attacks,” Mr. Trunov told the authorities. “For example, to find out what organizations are worth the financing of terrorism in Russia.” According to Mr. Trunov, if it were proved that the preparation and financing of terrorist attacks were conducted from abroad, say, from Saudi Arabia, the Russian authorities could make claims to this country, and only then due to the funds received to compensate for the damage to the victims. However, realizing that it would not go so far, the lawyer, along with his wards, filed lawsuits against the government in the Basmanny Court.
I doubtfully reacted to the court’s decision on the recovery of funds from convicts and lawyer Natalya Tarasevich: “May they not pay anything ! For example, Dekkushev has a dash in the inventory of property. I don’t think that he is able to pay off lawsuits and Krymshamkhalov (Yusuf Krymshamkhalov comes from a wealthy Karachai family, but all his property was rewritten to relatives. I believe that the funds to repay damage must be collected from the state, but in our courts the decision will not be made on this. "

After the verdict, the lawyers of the convicts filed a short complaint, the so -called flyer, so that, as they put it, to “stake” the time to appeal the sentence. The main complaint will be prepared after they receive and study the text of the court decision. According to Mrs. Tarasevich, there are many reasons for cassation in the sentence. In particular, lawyers argue that during the judicial investigation the fact of the existence of an organized criminal group, which included Crimenshamkhalov and Dekkushev, was not proved. “It turns out just the opposite,” the defenders noted. “Our clients, as follows from the accusation, were engaged in the manufacture of an explosive mixture. But they did not prepare it for members of a certain organized group of terrorists, but for the formations acting in Chechnya, and then, according to the prosecution, for themselves. As a mixture came to Moscow, they did not know that they did not participate in the capital's explosions, and therefore did not participate in the capital's explosions, and therefore not It is guilty of the deaths of people with terrorist attacks on Guryanov Street and Kashirskoye Shosse. " However, the appeal of the sentence is unlikely to affect the terms appointed by the convict, even if the defense manages to achieve the exclusion of some articles of the Criminal Code or their retraining to less serious ones.
“If we break us, there will be no truth,” said Yusuf Krymshamkhalov in the process. In general, he is right. Probably, now no one will ever know why law enforcement officers did not pay any attention to the Wahhabi underground in the south of Russia, why no one was interested in illegal production in a peaceful, producing tons of explosives, did not stop trucks sent to Moscow and Volgodonsk for normal verification. There will be no answer to the main question: why did the Wahhabis needed to blow up at home, causing fire not only on themselves, but also to Chechnya, who could otherwise avoid war with Russia.

What the victims get
Explosions of houses in Moscow on Guryanov Street on September 9, 1999 and on the Kashirsky highway on September 13, 1999. Relatives of the victims received one -time help of 10 thousand rubles. In addition, the survivors received compensation for the lost property up to 75 thousand rubles. for each person and new apartments.
The explosion of the house in Volgodonsk September 16, 1999. Relatives of the dead received 16 thousand rubles each, 8 thousand rubles each. It was paid to suffering serious damage to health. The remaining without housing was purchased apartments in the secondary market, some people were resettled in the hostel.
The explosion in Moscow in the transition to Pushkinskaya Square on August 8, 2000. The families of the dead received 20 thousand rubles, seriously wounded - 10 thousand rubles, other injured - 3 thousand rubles each.
The explosion at McDonald's in the south-west of Moscow on October 19, 2002. The family of the deceased received 40 thousand rubles, the injured - from 3 to 10 thousand rubles.
The capture of hostages in the theater center on Dubrovka on October 23, 2002. 100 thousand rubles each. received families of the dead, 50 thousand rubles each. - The victims.
Во всех последующих крупных терактах в России семьи погибших получали 100 тыс. руб., получившие серьезные ранения — по 50 тыс. руб., получившие легкие ранения — от 3 до 15 тыс. руб. Местные власти также оплачивали расходы на похороны погибших.
Для сравнения: столько же (100 тыс. на погибшего и 50 тыс. на раненого) получают родственники погибших военнослужащих и пострадавшие военнослужащие, участвовавшие в контртеррористической операции. Дополнительно родственникам погибших выплачивается 120 должностных окладов погибшего и по 25 окладов на каждого члена семьи по военной страховке.

Журнал "Коммерсантъ Власть" №2 от 19.01.2004, стр. 24

Authors:

Olga Allenova

"Such blacks are now catching everywhere"