The drums of war are rumbling more and more heard ...

Last week, two events occurred almost imperceptibly, each of which can mean the beginning of a new, extremely expensive arms race.

Russia took one step by testing a new generation missile system, which will freely overcome protective barriers similar to the national missile defense system , deployed by the United States ...

Another event was the new US Air Force report under the modest title "Plan for Changing flights" , published last week. Behind this, the non -meaningful heading hides a large -scale plan for the deployment of weapons in outer space. In orbit, it is planned to place laser weapons, space bombers, and among other things, a completely new weapon under the mysterious name "bundles of hypersonic damaging elements".

The third event was not so significant, but it took place nearby: after a conversation with President Putin, Academician Dobretsov (Chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), who returned to Novosibirsk, announced at a meeting with the scientific public that the president promised to appoint scholarships of 20 thousand rubles for graduate students, conducting studies on defense subjects. Feeling the public perked up ...

By the way, I recalled promising words from the spring message V.V.P.

"The retention of the state in the extensive space, the preservation of the unique community of peoples in the country's strong positions in the world is not only a huge work. It is also huge sacrifices, the deprivation of our people. It is such a millennial historical path of Russia. This is a way of reproducing its country as a strong country."

Well, they didn’t live well - there is nothing to start. True, I would like to try something else in life, except for deprivation and victims.

And after all, there are interesting offers on this score! The book of A. Krivov and Yu. Krupnov “House in Russia” with the subtitle “National Idea” has just been published in the publishing house of Olma Press. The authors - a professional urban planner and publicist -state - analyze the dead end, in their opinion, the situation in housing construction and propose to change the "multi -storey" housing paradigm, starting to use the last, unleashed resource of the Fatherland - suburban land that adjacent to road and iron roads for individual development. The Russians have the opportunity to stop living with each other on their heads in the cramped and stuffiness of cities that are dangerous for the life of cities, stop constantly rushing between the apartment - work - garage - cottage, and focus all this in a spacious estate with a good modern and inexpensive (up to $ 200 per square meter) with a single family house, equipped with autonomous systems of life support. A similar process unfolds in the country and by itself - according to the state building, already half of the newly introduced housing is built by individual developers. But most often it is an illiterate, ineffective and too expensive development, which is also associated with overcoming the mass of bureaucratic obstacles. According to the authors of the book, Russia needs a new state housing policy that will not only resolve, finally, the housing issue, but also to create the largest industry -oriented industry with millions of jobs in the small and medium -sized business sector.

The “national idea” of Krivov and Krupnova seems very attractive to me, especially since there is nothing unrealistic in it. Sixty years ago, Canada went the proposed way, creating a national mortgage agency and holding an open competition for the optimal type of family dwelling. Now 80 percent of the population of this country live in individual or interlocked houses with the following common characteristics: they are inexpensive in construction and operation, rapidly far, energy -efficient, autonomous, environmentally friendly. Many Canadian firms produce such houses for export, and they are willingly buying, including in Russia.

“ It is stupid to buy, if we can do all this perfectly ourselves, and even improving building materials, structures and equipment, ” says Igor Ogorodnikov, the Novosibirsk physicist, who more than ten years ago, switched from defense themes to work to create a Russian modification of an “ecological house”. Now dozens of specialists of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are cooperating with Ogorodnikov, a demonstration house-laboratory and a small village of Ecodoma are being built by their joint efforts, the main characteristic of which should be energy efficiency. Scientists believe that if the country is able to significantly reduce the cost of heating residential and industrial premises, the Russian economy will increase its competitiveness.

The reform plans already voiced by President Putin are given great attention to mortgage. But she will not solve all issues, as evidenced, in particular, a small study conducted in Novosibirsk on the initiative of the head of the local chamber of trade and industrial chamber Boris Brusilovsky. Judging by the resulting part, the authors of the study are very close to the point of view of Krivov and Krupnov:

"For a number of objective and subjective reasons, a mass mortgage in Russia is difficult to become a sufficient condition for solving a housing problem.

The backwardness of the Russian construction complex has led to the fact that even a modest demand for expensive housing on an scale is not satisfied, so the flow of mortgage money to this sector of the economy will most likely only to increase in prices, and not to increase the offer of housing. The low -power construction industry is simply not capable of earning on the volume of inexpensive housing construction.

The Russian construction complex is in the literal sense of the word heritage of the previous regime. In the Soviet paradigm of housing construction, housing was budgetary, tied to city -forming enterprises and was built mainly by the industrial method in reinforced concrete design. The existing housing stock of cities and towns is provided with extremely costly centralized life support systems (in that period of the city, in particular, in Siberia, they were often built for non -economic reasons). Now all this farm is declining, multi -storey buildings and entire cities are transferred to the category of dilapidated and emergency - which exacerbates the housing problem in the state.

Currently, everywhere, in addition to Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Soviet construction industry is located in ruins. In cities, almost exclusively piece brick and monolithic houses are built for the "point" development rich in the method. For all the high cost, often this is the houses of dubious quality, tied to the old communications that served their age. As a result, in the "elite" housing, for example, for months there is no hot water for months.

The lack of free capacity for heat and sewage, the maximum wear of engineering networks limits the possibility of multi -storey mass housing construction in cities.

The obvious decline of multi -storey housing construction is partly compensated by the growth of individual construction of low -rise single -family houses. This process develops spontaneously, without the attention and support of the state, and goes in two price groups - as housing for very rich (cottages) and for relatively poor (self -building rural type on the outskirts of cities). In principle, it is in this sector of the housing market that the principle of "housing availability, respective to income" is most fully embodied. These houses can be attached to centralized networks, and can be built in an autonomous design and be very economical in operation. An individual residential building with a land plot in any case is a full -fledged property, in contrast to a privatized apartment in a municipal house. Often this property is used by owners for the development of various types of entrepreneurial activity, which in the conditions of post -industrial society can be considered good.

The problem is that in Russia there is almost completely no offer of modern city single -family houses for people with average income. They are forced to buy an old apartment housing in the secondary market. The same citizens put savings in the construction of houses in garden areas, which can be very expensive and high-quality, but are not full-fledged housing due to the lack of necessary infrastructure for permanent residence.

An analysis of world experience shows that it is possible to build the housing policy of the state, encouraging individual construction based on modern technologies. Modern single -family houses can compete in cost with ordinary apartments and at the same time have undeniable advantages - they are spacious, comfortable, rapidly far, energy -efficient, autonomous, cheap in operation. Such housing, in principle, is more consistent with the conditions of a market economy. Examples of this type of residential development are also available in Russia, in particular - in Novosibirsk (the village of ECODOM CJSC ). Joint industrial production and construction of lightweight residential buildings with Canadians was mastered in the Rostov region and in Tver.

To approve this new housing construction paradigm, state support measures - legislative and information ”are required at the first stage.”

The legislative and non -control framework for the development of mass individual construction, in principle, exists - this is an article of the Constitution, the Law "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy", the Civil Code, the Law Code, the Law on Local Self -Government, the Urban Planning Code, the Law on Energy Savings, the draft housing code. Some provisions of these documents should be coordinated in favor of a new housing policy, to facilitate the allocation of land for development with the help of coordinated general planes of cities and suburban territories adjacent to roads and railways. The minimum engineering preparation of territories for mass construction should be carried out at the expense of municipalities, which is quite possible with a competent tax policy in the housing sector (it is advantageous to increase the base for collecting land tax from the owners of the plots).

Since the proposed type of housing in Russia is almost unknown, to accelerate the process, measures of centralized propaganda of such construction should be provided, by analogy with the "introduction" in Rus' of potatoes during the time of Peter the Great. It would be desirable to build demonstration houses or even villages at the expense of the budget - for example, for retirees who expressed a desire to settle in strategically important border territories.

The listed measures will contribute to the influx of free funds of citizens in housing construction and will allow you to quickly double the commissioning of housing. This, in particular, is about funds that are now irrationally spent on the construction of capital houses in summer cottages and for the purchase of cheap apartments in reinforced concrete houses with a limited life.

In addition, the transition to this housing paradigm, in turn, will accelerate the formation of a full -fledged mortgage, because the easy frame housing of the Canadian type is built very quickly - from a week to a month. Banks will not have to wait a long time to wait for payments on loans.

The production and construction of lightweight houses in many countries is a family business, does not require large capital investments and can become a dynamic new sector of the Russian economy. ”

The above housing policy, like everything new, causes many objections. For example, the Institute of Economics of the city refers to a certain sociological study confirming that Russian townspeople prefer to live not in individual houses, but in apartments. But comfortable manor houses at the price of apartments have not yet been offered!

It was also said that Canada did not have a decree, Canadians have a different mentality. Probably, he is more individualistic there - so after all, in the way of building capitalism, it does not bother to strive for this. The owner of his own home is much more dependent on himself than a resident of a high -rise building. The deputy of the Novosibirsk City Council Alexander Lyulko shared interesting observations in this regard: the inhabitants of a very poor "private sector" on his polling station are much less complain about communal problems and inaction of the authorities than the inhabitants of high -rise buildings.

The new housing policy (unlike military policy) does not require large financial and organizational investments from the state. And it is much more optimistic. Here is what Valery Shumilov ’s vice mayor said on this occasion: "If we can’t provide citizens with housing, so we will give at least land for development and provide minimal infrastructure." Very timely thoughts.