Alexander Cherkasov: Expelled truths for ...

Do not respond to "Hey, soaring!", Be deaf and him.
Even if you know the language, don't speak it.
Try not to stand out in profile, anfas - sometimes
It's just not my face. And when with a saw
They cut the throat of the dog, do not wrinkle. Korya, Gasi
Cigarette in spit. As for things, wear
Gray, the colors of the earth. In particular - linen,
To reduce the temptation to bury you into it.

Joseph Brodsky. "Edification"

Forty years ago, in Leningrad, according to Akhmatova, they “made a biography” to Joseph Brodsky - in other words, he was condemned as a “a tuneyan”, and sent to indulge in physical work to the north, to the village of Norenskaya.

The biography turned out. So much has been written about the poet that, it would seem, there is nothing to add. The memories of him were left by those who talked with him both in Leningrad and in New York - and those whom he himself probably would not have mentioned.

Our life is saturated with his poetry - even where she does not suspect about it ... Almost everyone can recall this. In the sheets of the blind typewriting of samizdat, or to the guitar, performed by Evgeny Klyachkin and Alexander Mirzayan.

Between the lines - and immediately between the people - the spark slopes. This energy is capable of, for example, to light a spark of trust between you and the Chechen action movie with a green bandage. Or, conversely: to pacify, fascinate the brood of drunken aggressive punks, like rabbits, like Banderlogs in front of the boal. However, everyone could probably remember something like this.

This is a personal attitude - like "My Pushkin" Marina Tsvetaeva. The attitude is far from always enthusiastic. Undoubtedly, a big poet, like David Samoilov, who came to him from the threshold, not only drove away - he simply sent me: "He sends me as a reader - to @#%. So I have the full right to send him to @#%!"

What to do with them? - Poets ...

However, the Soviet government, according to custom, translated the "stylistic disagreements" (in the words of Andrei Sinyavsky) into a different discourse. The Svolok generally hated him fiercely and instinctively, this can be seen from the recording of the Brodsky process, made by Frida Vigdorova. This bacchanalia is also an example of the personal attitude of the bearers of its facelessness. After all, it’s not even a matter of politics - we recall the poet’s remark, known from Sergei Dovlatov’s words: “... he is so Soviet!” - "Have mercy, he is anti -Soviet!" - "Soviet, anti -Soviet - what's the difference ..."

Brodsky pathos - individuality, personal view - up to disappearance from the general field of vision. A passage made to the epigraph from the "edification" is an undoubted polemic with the same poem by Redyard Kipling. You can recall other lines from there, you can even buy and believe.

But personalities attract each other. And today we can say about the people who were nearby. Each of them is worthy of a separate article.

Brodsky’s poems, who went on the lists, published Alexander Ilyich Ginzburg in the Samizdat magazine Syntax - and for this his first term - two years. He was an informal leader of the company of a poetic, artistic, bohemian youth - and who knows, who would he become without such close attention of Soviet power? Formally, Alika was condemned under the criminal article - he passed the exam for someone, by kindness of sincere. But the KGB requested the sanction on this Amalgam in the Central Committee of the CPSU, and there, in the letter preserved in the archives, the true motives are indicated. At the exit, Alik did not calm down and failed - he compiled a "white book in the case of Sinyavsky and Daniel", and received five years of a strict regime. Freed from this walker, he became the manager of the Solzhenitsyn Foundation, and received ten years of special regime. So the human rights activist and journalist made him. But to instill "(anti) Soviet" ( "What difference!" ) They could not - the spider seriousness was alien to him. At the attempt to appeal by name and patronymic - "Alexander Ilyich" - Alik invariably responded: "Ilyich! Ilyich!"

The trial of Brodsky "betrayed the publicity" Frida Vigdorov, a journalist from the Literary Newspaper. She - Soviet journalist - first of all actively helped people, Frida Abramovna was hard and incurablely ill, and this record is one of her last good deeds. However, by this, she essentially laid the canon of the “record of the trial” as the genre of the Samizdat text. The transcript, accurate, but made, nevertheless, in the Russian language, found the meaning of almost artistic. It was the 1964th year. And the next step on this path is the already mentioned "White Book in the case of Sinyavsky and Daniel." This is the 1966th, after the death of Vigdorova. Two years later, the publication of the Chronicle of current events began. Few people know that another key text - the performance of Konstantin Paustovsky at the discussion of the story of Vladimir Dudintsev "not by bread" October 22, 1956 - was recorded and put into Samizdat by the same Frida Vigdorova.

And at the same time as Brodsky in Moscow, another "parasite" was convicted - Andrei Alekseevich Amalrik. Also "for the word", for absurd plays. Also with accusations of "pornography". As such, for example, the words from the play “Conformer Lee Uncle Jack” served, the hero of which, in turn, also read out the play: “Action is the first: the zirlin rape the cypelson!” - All: "Oh!" - "Second action: Cipelson rape zirlin!" - All: "Oh!" - "Third action: zirlin and cypels are raped by each other!" - All: "Oh!" - "Fourth action: ass Ivan Ivanovich moves to new working quarters." - Over the past, he was accused of slander for the working class. Amalric, returning from the “unwanted trip to Siberia” (as he entitled the Memoire about the exile), began to explore the absurd Soviet reality and became almost the first political scientist of Samizdat, writing an article “WHAT IS THE SEARE Union until 1984?”, Invented the word “dissident” and was awarded no more desired travels to Magadan for six years ...

And Brodsky remained a poet.

Either a bullet in the temple, as if to a place of errors - a finger,

Either pull from here by the sea by the new Christ,

Yes, and how not to mix with drunk eyes, stunned by the frost,

A steam locomotive with a ship, you still can’t burn with shame.

Like the Chelny on the water, he will not leave the trace on the rails

The wheel of the steam locomotive.

In the early 1960s, he was going to flee the USSR across the southern border, capturing the plane, but changed his mind (this was visible in the poem "Night Flight"), and eventually went north. And it is unlikely that anyone will believe that “being determines consciousness”, having read, say, “two hours in the reservoir” - poems written on the collective farm in the Arkhangelsk province. He was released in 1965, thanks to the intercession of Marshak, Akhmatova, Shostakovich ... and, indirectly, thanks to Vigdorova, who betrayed the publicity this process.

This edge is motionless. Representing the volume of gross

Cast iron and lead of the stunned shit with your head,

Remember the previous power on bayonets and Cossack Nagikes.

But eagles sit down, like a magnet, on an iron mixture.

Even wicker chairs hold here

On bolts and nuts.

With such an understanding of "time and place" it was difficult to live. The very “surrounding reality” seemed to understand her incompatibility with poetry, and in 1972, Joseph Brodsky was forced to leave the USSR.

His poems continued their existence. On the first of April 1974, in Leningrad, at a search of Mikhail Haifets, three copies of his introductory article were seized to the Samizdat collection of Brodsky poems. On April 22, the Heifets was arrested, accused under the 70th article ("anti-Soviet agitation"), and in September he was sentenced to four years in maximum security camps and two years of exile. This is for a preface to an unrelated book! - Soviet power still highly appreciated poetry. However, even from Haifets a letter was seized in defense of Solzhenitsyn, but they searched (but did not find!) An article by Amalric. These are the intersections ...

In the same “case No. 15”, Boris Strugatsky was also interrogated - the KGB investigator Ryabchuk even asked him for an autograph on a pre -prepared book. They interrogated about getting acquainted with the very ill -fated preface, and it was these interrogations that Boris Natanovich described in the book of Sergei Vititsky's “Search for destiny”.

This article mentions Ginzburg and Haifets - the same people as in the text of the month ago, dedicated to the thirty years of Solzhenitsyn's exile. It is probably no coincidence that these two pronounced individualists have the circles of communication - real, "text", historical - intersected.

In 1987, Brodsky received the Nobel Prize in literature.

At the end of the twentieth century, Solzhenitsyn and Brodsky - two Nobel laureates, two bright individuals, two very different people represented Russian culture to the peoples of planet Earth.

*****

It would be necessary to reduce the article about the poet to the sum of common places, quotes and links, without saying anything new.

In 1999, one of the poems by Joseph Brodsky was printed on one and a half hundred pages ( Brodsky I.A. Performance / artist and photographer O. Smirnov. - M.: New Literary Review, 1999 ). A year before his death, the poet allowed the photorepector to Oleg Smirnov, who seemed to be shot in all post -Soviet wars, to arrange a “performance”. It turned out - according to the picture on the line. Photo - from Afghanistan to the first Chechnya. And not only - in the photo of the “peaceful” seventies, we see Larisa Iosifovna Bogoraz with a family on the 101st kilometer, in the Karabanovs of the Vladimir province ( it enters the evening in the present, / the house at the line on the scenes, / the tablecloth argues with the curtain / in the sense of external decoration ).

These photographs amazingly "lay down" on the text written in 1987. In the verses themselves, at first read as postmodern hooliganism, almost a prophetic meaning began to emerge over time. Here:

Swan enters with reflection

In a round mirror in which

Birch platoon is drawing up,

The first violin of core faces

- who is this? General (and then - Colonel) Swan, under the "Swan Lake", who brought combat vehicles to the White House in August 1991? Or - after a decade:

Burglaki in Severomorsk

Pull the cruiser Bicheva,

Irong from Ray.

- Really “Kursk”?

Meanwhile, an unclear connection with reality can be traced even in these same seemingly absurd verses. Few people noticed the initiation - "Mikhail Nikolaev" - they do not pay attention to such trifles at all. Although, it would seem, what a wonderful ironic vignette could be created during the days of floods in Yakutia and the struggle for the local governor’s chair ( you watched Dersu Little? / I didn’t tell you everything! / Once Chichmek, then he believes in the Buddha! / Will you bitch! ). Meanwhile, in the initiation there is no brilliant insight, only the coincidence of a simple Russian name-familia.

It is believed that Mikhail Ivanovich Nikolaev was born in 1926. In fact, he never recognized his real name - as well as his birthday. He remembered his parents vaguely - what could have captured the consciousness of the baby taken from his parents at their arrest at the turn of the thirties? Misha Nikolaev called him in the orphanage for children "enemies of the people." At the beginning of the war - overwhelming work, then - a volunteer went to the front. In 1950, he was arrested in Sverdlovsk for a protest against the Soviet electoral system, three years of camps. In 1955, he was again arrested for a protest against the execution of prisoners in Sverdlovsk. After the liberation, he organized from the same underground groups of the underground group "for the struggle for justice." When the group was disclosed, he tried to flee from the USSR in the Batumi area. Arrested, the sentence is the death penalty, softened to ten years of camps. Mordovia, Dubravlag. In 1978, together with his wife Victoria Schweitzer left the USSR, settled in the States, worked as a cleaner at the university.

And in 1985, he published a book of memoirs "Orphanage" ( Nikolaev M. Kommy. Together with Victoria Schweitzer.- New York: Russica, 1985.- 128 pp. )- the first and only part of the planned trilogy. To recreate the atmosphere of time, the author interspers the short autobiographical short stories with quotes from Soviet newspapers and TASS messages.

This book fell into the hands of Joseph Brodsky, and in 1987 a "performance" was born. His finale -

"... you are now alone in the world.

Remember the song, what happened

I hummed in the dark?

This is a cat. This is a mouse.

This is a camp. This is a tower.

This is the time of quiet sapa

Killing mom and dad. "

- The beginning of the biography of the one to whom the poem is dedicated. Its system, but his sonnets -tacks, interspersed with quatrains of quotes - repeats Nikolaev’s memories.

*****

The semantic somersaults in the “presentation” make it more careful to treat the “edification” lines that were taken into the epigraph. After all, the finale turns over the whole poem:

When you involuntarily shudder

Feeling how small you are, remember:

Remember: a space that seems to be nothing

No need, it needs very

Look from the side. In the criteria of emptiness.

And only you can serve this service.