August 19, 1991-for those who remember how tanks were walking along the Kutuzovsky Avenue, and on the screens of Non-stop television channels-a dance of small swans, this date will always mean one thing-puts
August 19, 1991-for those who remember how tanks were walking along the Kutuzovsky Avenue of Moscow, and on the screens of Non-stop television channels-a dance of small swans, this date will always mean one thing-a putsch. On this day, the coming to power in the country of “black colonels” - and everything that should have followed: prisons, torture, camps - seemed quite real. Today, The New Times publishes three documents that were not fully published: as a coup was prepared in the KGB of the USSR, how literally every minute of the life of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin was tracked and left, in the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB, under the drum rhetoric about the well -being of the people and the salvation of their homeland were taken to accounts in the firms and banks created by them Money from the party accounts. This money is now working. Repeatedly scrollful and multiplied by oil and gas wealth, this money provided the coming to power by all the same colonels, they only do not go to black-in white costumes of glamorous brands (however, they just introduced the uniform black form), they are leaning for ties and are not afraid that they will be brought to party responsibility for the use of the use of services of girls escort. The showcase changed, the goal is that in 1991, that in 2007 is the same-preservation of the status quo. However, the current ones, unlike those sample of August 1991, are not afraid to shoot, if necessary. Today - unlike then - they have something to lose.
Explanatory note
For the first time with questions about measures of emergency, I had to encounter at the end of December 1990. The first assignment was given like this. Approximately December 27, 1990 V.F. Glushko called me and said that we were going to V.A. Kryuchkov 1 . In the office of the latter, V.I. Zhizhin 2 . V.A. Kryuchkov said that crisis processes in all areas of life are growing in the country, they can no longer be stopped by ordinary methods, and instructed to conduct an analysis of the situation and prepare proposals for the implementation of specific measures in the field of economics, interethnic relations and law and order on the basis of the law “On the legal regime of emergency in the USSR”. At the same time, it was meant that the decision on an emergency should be made in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR by President M.S. Gorbachev and Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for which V.A. Kryuchkov was instructed to prepare the sketches of the relevant decree of the Presidium and the Decree of the Supreme Council. Some measures V.A. Kryuchkov dictated for further use.
V.I. Zhizhin and I prepared an appropriate certificate with a volume of 4-5 pages, which contained a brief analysis of the socio-political and economic situation in the country ... V.A. was reported about this work. The kindergarten, according to which at that time on behalf of M.S. Gorbachev was preparing documents on the introduction of direct presidential rule in Lithuania, but I was not involved in this activity <...>
“This work V.A. Kryuchkov - Fucked the news - Conspiracy "
Approximately 5 August S.G. V.F. Grushko 3 called me and said that we were going to V.A. Kryuchkov. In his office, he was already V.I. Zhizhin and, as V.A. Kryuchkov, directed towards him on behalf of D.T. Jazov 4 at that time commander of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces, Major General P.S. Grachev. V.A. Kryuchkov said that by agreement with D.T. Jazov, we are given the task of analyzing the socio-political and economic situation in the country and concluding whether it is possible, using the introduction of an emergency in the country, to stabilize the situation and whether there are currently opportunities for the implementation of extreme measures. This work V.A. Kryuchkov instructed to lead conspiracy in the operational cottage 2 ch. The Office of the KGB of the USSR (counterintelligence. - The New Times) in the area of the village of Mashkino, not far from the Leningradskoye Shosse, which was done on August 5-6 S.G.
As a result of a joint study of the issue with the participation of Grachev, Zhizhin prepared analytical certificates with conclusions. Their essence was as follows: the introduction in a constitutional way on the territory of the USSR Extraordinary measures can lead to negative consequences ... It will not be possible to stabilize the situation in the country, and the crisis will only exacerbate, which can lead to the decapitation of the Armed Forces of the USSR and the scassion of the KGB of the USSR. (Unfortunately, the further course of events fully confirmed these our forecasts.) <...>
On the same day, we were accepted by V.A. Kryuchkov, who got acquainted with the content of the certificate, agreed in general with its conclusions. However, as if he asked himself a rhetorical question, and whether it would not be too late after signing the Union Treaty to resort to extreme measures, since the state is practically disintegrated. The conversation ended on this <...>
“The meeting was held in the gazebo - at the object "A.B.Ts." - Without protection, waiters, etc. "
However, on the morning of August 16, S.G. V.F. Grushko again with me went to V.A. Kryuchkov, where V.I. Zhivzhin. P.S. Grachev was at the departure to the Ryazan region, and, as I later knew, D.T. Yazov gave the team to return him urgently to Moscow, which was done. V.A. Kryuchkov instructed to prepare a kind of detailed program of the most pressing measures of an emergency. At the same time, he dictated a number of them, in particular about the salvation of the crop, overcoming the crisis in the fuel and energy sphere, streamlining prices, disarmament of illegal armed groups, etc. Those. The fact that later formed the basis of the so -called "Decree No. 1 of the State Emergency Committee of the USSR." In the country in the Mashkino area, this work was carried out by Grachev, Zhizhin and me. In the evening, Grushko and the deputy arrived at the cottage. USSR Minister of Defense Achalov, they got acquainted with our developments and recognized them satisfactory <...>
August 19, 1991: the first and only press conference of the State Emergency Committee. The acting President of the USSR G.I. Yanaeva (third on the right) hands shaking
At about 18.00 August 17, S.G. V.F. Grushko went to V.A. Kryuchkov. A few minutes later, the duty officer of the chairman of the KGB of the USSR called me and urgently called there. There was V.F. Grushko and said that now with V.A. We will go to Kryuchkov (where did not say). We arrived, as V.F. Grushko, in the guest house of the KGB of the USSR, where the heads of the state security organs of friends were previously accepted, the so -called object "A.B.S." 5 . Gradually, V.S. Pavlov 6 , O.D. Baklanov 7 , O.S. Shenin 8 , V.I. Boldin 9 , D.T. Yazov and his deputies V.I. Varennikov 10 and V.A. Achalov. Why did they take me to such a high meeting, V.F. Grushko explained by the fact that "there will be three soldiers, let the KGB be three, and if you need to find out something, then you will do it." (However, in reality, no records were carried out.)
The meeting took place in the gazebo without protection, waiters, etc. Fulfilling various instructions, I left the gazebo three times, because I didn’t hear the whole conversation. In addition, V.A. Kryuchkov, who had a telephone conversation with M.S. Gorbachev.
The conversation began with the present V.S. Pavlov, who spoke about the meeting of the Presidium of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR, the most difficult situation with harvesting and a real threat of hunger, a difficult situation with the provision of the population with heat in the winter, upcoming after signing the Union of the SSR of 6 republics, which will not sign it, and remaining only in the “old” union, can easily terminate or declare inviting Union Agreement. These considerations were supported by D.T. Yazov. They proposed immediately, until August 20, S.G. Introduce a state of emergency in the country.
“And quoted words - Yu. Caesar - "... and you, child Brutus, with them"
V.A. Kryuchkov proposed to talk with M.S. Gorbachev in the Crimea and try to advise him to transfer to 1 month power in the country by the Extraordinary Regulation Committee, and then after stabilizing the situation of M.S. Gorbachev could continue the performance of his duties by the President of the USSR. However, this proposal did not find support from other those present (Grushko and I, of course, did not speak out on this topic at all). After that, I went out, and when I returned, the question was discussed about who will go to Crimea to M.S. Gorbachev. As I understand it, the fact that O.D. Baklanov and O.S. Shenin was decided earlier. V.I. Boldin spoke in the sense that for a serious conversation with the President of the USSR, there should be persons representing the armed forces and the KGB. Yazov proposed Varennikov with the condition that then he should fly from Crimea to Kiev for a conversation with Gurenko and Kravchuk 11 . Kryuchkov said when someone called the surname Grushko that M.S. In addition to Kryuchkov, Gorbachev in the KGB knows few well, so it is inappropriate to direct Grushko. The candidacy of the head of the KGB CCP Service Yu.S. was proposed. Plekhanova 12 , to which V.A. Kryuchkov said he would talk to him. D.T. Yazov suggested that V.I. Boldin, since his appearance there will show on M.S. Gorbacheva is a strong impact, and quoted the words of Yu. Caesar "... and you, child Brutus, with them." Boldin agreed.
We also agreed that at 9.00 August 18, S.G. deputy. Chairman of the KGB Petrovas, beginning. Management "3" collars 13 and deputy. beginning. 3 ch. Directorate 14 Kalganov will drive to Achalov to the Ministry of Defense for the joint calculation of the Extraordinary nature of forces and funds necessary for the implementation <...>
"To the Supreme Council session First of all, they will come - Deputies of democratic - a lot who has nothing to do, And they will break the whole thing "
At the same time, there was no clarity in principle, in principle, there were no extreme measures.
As I understand it from the conversation, conversations about this with G.I. Yanaev 15 , B.K. Pugo 16 and A.I. Lukyanov 17 , who was at that time on vacation, was not yet, not to mention the fact that the results of the conversation with M.S. were not clear. Gorbachev.
About this after the end of the meeting at the object "A.B.Ts." They said V.A. Kryuchkov and V.F. Grushko, who said that so far all the conversations are common and it is not clear what will really happen.
Regarding the issue of introducing a state of emergency, I emphasized in a conversation with V.A. Kryuchkov and V.F. Grushko, that it should be carried out to the maximum extent in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR and the law "On the legal regime of emergency." Moreover, the day after its announcement, it is necessary to call the session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. V. Kryuchkov noticed that this can be done technically, “but the session will first come to the democratic deputies who have nothing to do, and they will break the whole thing, and solid people are either busy cleaning the crop or some of them on vacation, so it takes time to collect them. Therefore, do not rush. "
Indeed, there was no clarity. So, at 18.30 August 18, S.G. The team entered at 22.30 gather at V.A. Kryuchkov to the leading composition of the KGB, then it was canceled. From here I concluded that, perhaps, everything will remain at the level of conversation and general study. As I understand it, at night from August 18 to August, S.G. V.A. Kryuchkov was in the Kremlin, where he later called V.F. Grushko. At about 4 to 5 in the morning, V.F. Grushko with just signed members of the GKChP formed tonight, which later, at 6 a.m. on August 19, were transferred on radio and television. Then these documents with genuine signatures, partly in photocopies, compiled and finally finalized, as I understand it, in the Kremlin that night, partly with manuscript editing, others without them were transferred to V.A. Kryuchkov.
“Provide the regime Uninterrupted work - Central radio - and television in accordance With the decisions of the GKChP "
After that, it was announced that at 9.30 V.A. Kryuchkova will be a meeting of the leading composition of the KGB of the USSR. At this meeting, V.A. Kryuchkov instructed the leaders his work on the relevant lines, fulfilling the decisions of the State Emergency Committee.
V.F. Grushko was entrusted to the supervision of the uninterrupted operation of the central radio and television in accordance with the decisions of the State Emergency Committee and the transfer of its documents and the transfer of its documents. The corresponding task was set by the deputy. beginning. 2 ch. Directorate V.I. Komonov. However, as far as I know, GOSTERAREDIO, namely, his leadership, itself complied with these decisions and did not require any special impact of GB.
V.F. Grushko also entrusted the 6th management of 18 , the Central Department Store 19 , the investigation and the OP Office to prepare materials on the struggle of the KGB with organized crime, corruption and economic crimes, which were transferred to S.G. on August 20. In the program "Time".
About any other essential orders and instructions received from V.F. Grushko in the supervised and other KGB units in those days, I do not know what their leaders can confirm.
V.F. Grushko has been in the Kremlin repeatedly. In particular, as the first deputy. Chairman of the KGB of the USSR on behalf of V.A. Kryuchkova, he was included along with representatives of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Foreign Ministry and the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR in the so -called working group at the State Emergency Committee. This group was supposed to analyze the situation in the international arena and within the country in connection with the activities of the State Emergency Committee and prepare proposals for the meetings of this committee, which should be considered, and relevant decisions are made for them. In total, 2 such meetings (working groups) took place: one organized, another current. At the direction of V.F. Grushko prepared one information for the meeting by the analytical management, and personally reported to him before sending this material to the Kremlin. beginning. this management O. Specials ...
About any instructions from V.F. Grushko to the leadership of PSU and his visits by L.V. Shebarshin 20 in the period from 19 to August 21 S.G. I don’t know.
“In the morning of August 21, I said - What is tired and I can't - fulfill your duties "
I want to emphasize that the actions of the leadership of the KGB of the USSR in the days of the coup and the decision itself to take part in it, despite the obvious warning not to take such steps that will have detrimental consequences (as was set out in the analytical certificate mentioned above), to put it mildly, are perplexed. Moreover, it must be said about the clearly unlawful actions of the State Emergency Committee, which were doomed to failure in the current situation in the country.
Therefore, on the morning of August 21, I said V.F. Grushko that is tired and cannot fulfill my duties. Apparently, V.F. Grushko was offended, but still let me go home for the whole day.
The above information I reported during interrogations as a witness in the prosecutor's office of the USSR and the RSFSR, where I was called in connection with the investigation in the case of the so -called GKChP of the USSR.
Assistant to the First Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Colonel A.G. Egorov
The country was wandering over the chairman of the State Bank of the USSR V. Gerashchenko - President of the USSR M. Gorbachev: “In some republics - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, attempts were made to prepare the release of“ own ”money. Legislative acts and practical actions of a number of republics block the receipt of income to the union budget ... This will lead to such a way that there will be nothing to pay the monetary allowance of the army and the navy ... Pensions of pensions to workers are also threatened ... "
The head of the department of agro -industrial sectors of the Council of Ministers of the USSR V. Akulinin, Chairman of the Government of the USSR V. Pavlov and President of the USSR M. Gorbachev: “In the Russian Federation, like in any other republic, there was an extremely difficult position with the supply of the population with flour, cereals and other bakery products ... In 27 regions, a catastrophic position can be stopped there and baking bread ...” can be stopped there ... ”
President of the USSR M. Gorbachev at a session of the Union Parliament: "The case smells of kerosene."
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1 Chairman of the KGB of the USSR from 1988 to August 21, 1991. 2 in 1991-Deputy Head of the First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (intelligence, now the SVR), and before that, the head of the Secretariat of the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR. 3 At that time, First Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR. 4 Minister of Defense of the USSR from May 1987 to August 21, 1991, member of the State Emergency Committee. 5 Object "A.B.S." It was located on the territory of the KGB of the USSR in the KGB of the USSR in the Yasenevo microdistrict in the southeast of Moscow. 6 Prime Minister of the USSR from January 14 to August 22, 1991, member of the State Emergency Committee. 7 Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU for defense issues from 1988 to 1991, member of the State Emergency Committee. 8 Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 1990 to August 19, 1991, member of the State Emergency Committee. 9 Assistant Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU M.S. Gorbachev from 1981 to 1987, head of the apparatus of the President of the USSR Gorbachev from 1990 to August 19, 1991. 10 member of the GKChP. 11 L.M. Kravchuk - member of the Central Committee of the CPSU since 1990, the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 1990-1991; S.I. Gurenko is the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1990-1991. 12 member of the GKChP. 13 Office "3" - the Office for the Protection of the Constitutional system of the KGB of the USSR, earlier the fifth department (ideological counterintelligence). 14 Military counterintelligence. 15 Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1990-1991, a member of the State Emergency Committee, in the days of the coup was appointed acting President of the USSR. 16 Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR since December 1990, a member of the State Emergency Committee, on August 22, 1991 a few hours before the arrest committed suicide. 17 Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1990 - 1991. 18 Sixth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR - economic counterintelligence. 19 Center for Public Relations of the KGB of the USSR. 20 At that time the chief of Soviet intelligence.
