Translated material
Chemezov Empire
Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree on the property contribution of the Russian Federation to Russian Technologies
President Dmitry Medvedev finally signed the long-awaited decree on the formation of the authorized capital of the state corporation Russian Technologies . As a result, this largest military-industrial empire will include 426 enterprises - 180 federal state unitary enterprises and shares in 246 joint-stock companies. About 80% of these enterprises, as noted in the state corporation itself, belong to the defense-industrial complex. Experts estimate the total value of the transferred assets at tens of billions of dollars. But, as the head of Russian Technologies, Sergei Chemezov, said, FSUEs first “must be corporatized, and then be assessed.” This will take a year and a half. According to his statement, some part of the enterprises will be sold.Thus, more than six months of “war for assets” ended. Its severity is evidenced by the fact that one enterprise (in the final version there were 427) was removed from the list, as they say, at the finish line.
The head of Rosoboronexport, Sergei Chemezov, has been lobbying for the creation of the state corporation Rostekhnologii since 2005. It was formed on the basis of Rosoboronexport, a monopoly exporter of domestic weapons and military equipment, in November 2007. "Russian Technologies" is charged not only with the production and sale of specific products, but also with the financial and economic recovery of defense enterprises, modernization of the high-tech sector of the country's economy - without funding from the budget, but with raising funds for the development of its assets through bank loans, development projects and IPOs subsidiaries.
The main war around Russian Technologies - the battle for assets - began in December last year. The first version of Chemezov’s list included about 250 federal state unitary enterprises and joint stock companies. The option did not work out - Sergei Ivanov, then first deputy prime minister, proposed grouping the entire defense industry into holdings with 100% state participation and only after that transferring them to Russian Technologies. Provided that the state retains a blocking stake. Confrontation Messrs. Chemezov and Ivanov ended, in fact, in a draw: the first defended his version of creating a new structure, the second pushed through the “golden share”, which gives the state the right to veto during voting at shareholder meetings.
The Minister of Finance Alexei Kudrin, who in principle is against the creation of state corporations, and the head of the Ministry of Economic Development Elvira Nabiullina actively resisted the appetites of Russian Technologies. They sharply objected to the inclusion in Russian Technologies of aviation enterprises and KamAZ, the Russian share of the joint copper mining enterprises Erdenet and Mongolrostsvetmet with Mongolia, the Vietnamese-Russian companies Siprimfiko and Visoruteks, as well as the Sosnovka state dacha, a mansion on Sofiyskaya embankment, two sanatoriums in Sochi and some other real estate objects. Then they said so: “Chemezov’s list, Kudrin’s list, Ivanov’s list.”
The current draft decree was agreed upon with the active participation of First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov at the end of June 2008; another two weeks were spent on the final presidential visa.
Opponents of Sergei Chemezov achieved the removal from the list of 25.5% shares of Siberia Airlines, the house on Sofiyskaya Embankment, the Tverskoy Machine-Building Plant and the Tutaevsky Motor Plant. Overall, the list was reduced from more than 500 to 426 enterprises. After this, in this June, only one change occurred: OPK Oboronprom with 51% of shares will enter Russian Technologies only after the creation of Russian Helicopters OJSC and UAC - United Engine Corporation. It is too early to talk about the exact timing of the completion of this process. The shares of five airline carriers will go to Russian Technologies within nine months - after the economic separation of the airports from them.
In an interview with Vremya Novostey, First Deputy General Director of Russian Technologies Alexey Aleshin said that all enterprises included in the state corporation are planned to be united into about 30 holdings. At the same time, the Federal Antimonopoly Service is charged with ensuring that emerging holdings do not become monopolists in the domestic market. Rostekhnologii gets offended if journalists write that “the appetites of the state corporation have been curtailed.” What appetites are indignant at the state corporation if a third of the enterprises transferred to us as a property contribution from the Russian Federation are dying and lying on their sides. Although the Ministry of Economic Development claims that stakes in companies that were in the process of bankruptcy or liquidation have been removed from the list.
The presidential decree significantly expanded the powers of the state corporation's supervisory board. Let us recall that it includes Minister of Defense Anatoly Serdyukov, Minister of Regional Development Dmitry Kozak, Minister of Economic Development Elvira Nabiullina, Director of the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation with Foreign States Mikhail Dmitriev, Deputy Head of the State Legal Department of the President Sergei Komissarov, Presidential Aide Sergei Prikhodko , First Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission under the Russian Government Vladislav Putilin, Minister of Industry and Trade Viktor Khristenko. The council was strengthened, the government claims, after Alexei Kudrin expressed concern that with the creation of state corporations there would be “hidden privatization” and the transfer of state property to the private sphere. Concerns are based on the fact that, according to current legislation, state corporations in Russia operate as non-profit partnerships, and their assets legally cease to be full-fledged state property, without becoming private.
The Supervisory Board of Russian Technologies, according to the decree of Dmitry Medvedev, received the right to approve the programs of the state corporation itself and its holdings, decide whether to create these holdings or not, approve the requirements for the content of all internal documents of the state corporation, approve or not approve the sale of shares of companies transferred to Russian Technologies. , as well as the procedure for remunerating managers. It is planned to create special committees under the council in the main areas of work. In all likelihood, the council will have to participate in the expansion of Russian Technologies. In particular, shares of the holding company being formed for military automated control systems - automated control systems - can be transferred to the state corporation. For now, enterprises of this profile remain under state control.
They say that Sergei Chemezov, having learned about the presidential decree, did not believe it for a long time, and then could not hide his joy. But the decree is only the go-ahead to begin building a major military-industrial empire, and the first tangible results of its activities can be judged no earlier than three or four years later.