The launch of a large Adron Collider (BAC) at the European Nuclear Research Center (CERN) in September 2008 was accompanied by panic in the media and the Internet. The most powerful accelerator of elementary particles in the world, according to the plan of physicists and designers, should reproduce the conditions that reigned in the universe about 14 billion years ago - after a few seconds after a large explosion. Superstitious humanity expected the end of the world. The end of the world did not happen, but the collider did not work: the breakdown that occurred on the second day after the trial launch postponed the beginning of an unprecedented experiment until spring, if not until the summer of 2009
Andrey Linde, Professor of Stanford University-Leonid Levkovich-Maslyuku
Event of the year according to The New Times
The logic of reflection on the origin of the world has led to the fact that today scientists are close to a completely new understanding of the nature of space and time. With the name of Cosmologist Andrei Linde, a former employee of the Moscow Fiana, large theoretic physics, the most important successes of the so-called inflationary theory of the origin of the Universe (modern model of the Big Bang) are associated. 1 According to this theory, central in modern cosmology, the Universe arises from a tiny bubble as a result of quantum fluctuations of “spatial-time foam” and at a negligible time (10-34 sec) reaches the usual cosmic dimensions. Moreover, this process can be repeated: the theory predicts the existence of a multi -verse - countless universes, "spanked" from each other, in each of which - its own laws of nature.
Einstein's scale
Are experiments possible to test the extraordinary conclusions of your theories? Large Hadron Collider (tank) will help?
After inflation, the particles moved with frantic energies, no tank has these energies. What the tank can do with particles corresponds to approximately 10 -5 seconds. After inflation. On my scale, it is already quite late, the most interesting thing happens somewhere for 10-30 seconds. To give out what the tank is capable of, a piece of a large explosion is like showing a statue of Buddha and saying that this is Buddha itself. However, we will definitely learn something in these experiments: with collider collider, a whole cloud of particles should occur. Before flying up, they will have time to “exchange experience”, and this resembles what was happening in a relatively early universe. Another thing is that experiments on tank E can have a tremendous scientific and worldview significance in a different plan.
Namely?
They can give serious arguments in favor of the theory of strings, 2 and if this happens, will lead to a completely different understanding of the nature of space and the time in which we live. Suffice it to say that time and space in strings theory are just physical fields. The space in this theory has some additional, so -called farmion dimensions, hidden in the general picture. Confirmation of the theory will mean that in the language of this new geometry you can describe the world truly deeply. Once Einstein struck a gap in stereotypes, uniting space and time. If the tank confirms some predictions of strings theory, then we will understand that instead of space-time, we must talk about a completely new object-super space. This will be a fundamental step in the development of science, a step of the same scale as Einstein made.
Potential revolution
What are these predictions? For example, this: some elementary particles should have “super partners” - also elementary particles, but very heavy. If they are 100 or even 1000 times heavier than the proton, then they can find them on the tank, and this will be a great help for the theory of strings. But if they are a million times heavier, then the tank will not help us find out if they exist. Here, if you want, it all depends on whether nature will meet us, whether he wants to help us. But I emphasize again: the task of the tank is not to just try to open several more new particles. It is about a potential revolution in science. At one time, a new wonderful accelerator began to build in a girik, much more powerful tank A, but no one could really explain why this was needed. Physicists said something like “maybe we will open a couple of particles ...” Can this inspire such a colossal project? As a result, the construction stopped (2000 people lost their jobs), and the funds were sent to prepare the flight to Mars.
Will the arguments in favor of strings theory be arguments in favor of multi -verse? Yes, undoubtedly. In 2003, my wife Renata Callosh, and two of our colleagues published a job in which string theory was linked to the inflation scenario of the birth of the Universe. Soon, other people developed these ideas, and then it turned out that the number of possible universes is very large - about 10,500 (billion billion billion bills ... "billion" should be repeated more than 50 times. The physicist has not yet operated on such giant numbers). In other words, we have two ingredients - inflation and string theory, and together they give a strange child: an ever -growing world consisting of an incredibly large parts, universes of different types. Well, we live in one of the small pieces of one of these parts and claim to be a description of the whole. Here is such a picture. By the way, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov in 1984 first expressed the idea of a gigantic number of possible types of universes.
Crazy physicists
You have repeatedly written that you consider the problem of consciousness the most important problem. How does it fit into this context?
In physics, we always want to understand how our observations are related to the structure of our universe. One of the ways is to count from myself: I live in the world in which my life is possible, where physical constants allow my existence. To go from the “first dimensions”, from measurements over oneself, and already from this to discuss how the whole world is arranged, how our part of the world is arranged. But the problem is whether we ask these questions correctly. We ask what is the probability of living, as if we know what it is to live. But this is not so! We know how to measure the reaction of the brain to pain, blue, even to experience happiness. But we do not know what “pain”, “blue”, “happiness” as entities that arise in our minds are. Until now, science was cool about this. But there are some reason to think that in order to solve the problems of theoretical physics, the many-sided universe we will have to include consciousness there, turn on something else to get the coherent system of the world. Convincing evidence of the need for this is not yet densely, except that everyone knows for sure that he has consciousness. Go describe this with physics! But I am engaged in physics, and I have a desire to go as far as possible along this path, staying as long as possible within the framework of physics.
Maybe this is not a matter of science, but art, music, literature?
May be. But this is not a matter of anyone else - to tell the science that this is not its business. Until no one stopped us, until no one put us in a crazy house, while we still seem to say something interesting, we try to see as soon as possible what it turns out along this path. Maybe it turns out something funny, stupid-I do not know. We just want to understand how nature works, and do this in the best way we can. We take a minimum number of assumptions, but then it may turn out that they need to be expanded a little. We are ready for this: physicists are conservative people, but, on the other hand, almost crazy in their readiness to go beyond the usual ideas. This is perhaps the only such category of scientists. When we lived in the Soviet Union, we were paid money for the independence of thinking. There was a task to come up with an atomic bomb (it was not me, others, but nevertheless), and quantum mechanics were needed for this. She fit into the then ideology, was considered too idealistic, but the atomic bomb was needed, and the state paid for the culture of independent thinking. Now we want to go as far as possible with this independent thinking - and what will fall out to us.
It may very well turn out that there will be few reliable results, and then a reverse reaction is possible. When the tank will work, new specific data will go, many will be happy to return to ordinary classes. This is natural, because great issues are not resolved by a massive scum. They demand that the ideas settled, so that there are enough experiments. But part of what we have already passed will be very difficult to take back, and new generations of scientists may come to the same issues, only from a different point of view.
The main principle for us is not to deny things that are not necessary to deny. And honestly relate to the results, even if they contradict our previous beliefs.
Big ADRONOL COLLER (tank) is a super -powerful particle accelerator that will be launched in September of this year. In the world's largest center of nuclear research (CERN), conditions that reigned in the universe about 14 billion years ago will be recreated, through a few seconds after a large explosion. The size of the accelerator is 27 kilometers, it is located underground at a depth of 50-150 meters. The New Times wrote about the scientific capabilities of the Great Hadron Collider in No. 30, 2007.
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1 Within the framework of this model, it is believed that the large explosion was preceded by the period of ultra -fast expansion of the universe, called "inflation".
2 In the theory of strings, the main role is played not by point particles, but by long objects similar to strings.
Collider: high -speed start • New Times • RIMA — Russian Independent Media Archive
