Will science -city buildings become growth?

Round table with the participation of representatives of the Accounts Chamber

On May 28, 2009, the AiF press center hosted a round table on the topic: “Scientific groups-growth locomotives” organized by the newspaper “Tribune”.

Mikhail Kuznetsov, Vice President and Director of the “Union of Development of Science City Garts of Russia”, in his comments noted that 14 cities of Russia now have the official status of science, and about 70 settlements and cities are to one degree or another. The cities of Biysk (Altai Territory), Dubna, Zhukovsky, Korolev, Pushchino, Reutov, Troitsk, Fryazino, Chernogolovka and Protvino (Moscow Region), Peterhof (St. Petersburg), Michurinsk (Tambov Region), Obninsk (Kaluzhskaya Region), Ringe (Novosibirskaya) were recognized as “official” science. reg.). Even from this list it is clear that all science -grades are very different, each has its own specifics and problems; Nevertheless, all of them have the potential to become growth points for the development of the region in the field of science and innovation. However, according to the participants in the discussion, so far only Dubna and Koltsovo make successes on this path.

Andrey Nekhchidin, deputy. The General Director of the Expert Institute of the Expert Institute of the Expert Institute, noted that two processes are superimposed on the situation in the science city: demographic crisis and migration in large cities. The possibility of sat in contrast to the 1960s to supply labor resources to large cities almost exhausted, and now migration is mainly from small and medium-sized cities of Russia to megacities.

According to his forecast, two-thirds of Russian cities with a population of less than 50 thousand people in the next 7-8 years will lose about a third of their population, and since leaving people are mostly young, up to 30 years, and with a technical education, there will be no potential for development in these small cities. Many residents of science -city gomes of the Moscow region. (Korolev, Troitsk, Montenegrin, etc.) go to work in Moscow, since in the towns themselves the possibilities for choosing a profession are limited. From cities far from megacities, residents are leaving for work on an ongoing basis. At the same time, science -grades are forced to take care of the support of the housing and communal services network, social infrastructure in the form of schools, kindergartens, clinics, etc. “Taxes from salaries remain in Moscow, and expenses for social services, payments of pensions, etc. are made from the budgets of science -garnish,” said A. Neshcadin.

According to A. Nescadin, the transformation of science -hats into growth points interferes with several reasons. The first of them is the regime of secrecy that previously existed in the cities of science. The second is that science -grade was planned as a powerful incubator of scientific ideas, which will then be finalized in the chains of other academic, industry and factory laboratories. Now this system is broken. Business needs a finished technological system for the production of a new product, and not opening in a test tube.

In his opinion, you need to take advantage of the example of A. Chubais, which creates “technological maps”-chains connecting science, R&D (research and development work) and implementation. If such state ordering systems are created, then this will contribute to the successful existence of science city enterprises, he is sure. A. Neshcadin also noted that not all RAS institutions are unprofitable, many 50-60% of their budget have commercial orders.

He also believes that the inhabitants of the science city will not pull the maintenance of excess infrastructure: the fee for heat, water in many cities of the Moscow Region. Higher than in Moscow, therefore, the help of the federal budget is needed. “Another question is how reasonably it will be used.” He believes that for a normal life in science city, there should be not only incentives in the form of interesting work, the possibility of receiving or buying housing, the underdevelopment of municipal budgets, but also the atmosphere of creativity, scientific search, which cannot be measured with money.

“A system of a more clear, competent and effective distribution of state orders is needed. The times of large pockets and chubby oil money have passed. Each ruble, each system should be effective, ” A. Neshcadin said. “Scientific groups should become locomotives,” he is true. “ But the locomotives do not run just like that, they pull the wagons.” It is necessary to develop such a system of state order so that the locomotive drags the wagons, and does not run on its own.

Elena Panfilova, a member of the Presidential Council for the promotion of the development of civil society institutions and human rights, the general director of the Center for Anti-Corruption Research and Initiatives of Truspenseeni International, reminded the audience of how interesting science city developed in the late 1990s, becoming leaders of initiatives in the field of openness, the transparency of the municipal budget. Back in 2001, Obninsk, Zhukovsky, Korolev, Dubna and others were actively engaged in new projects in the field of transparency and accountability of the authorities, being the locomotives of local self -government. And then all this began to go to naught, and in the phrase “science” in the first place is now not science, but -gran, i.e. Assets, real estate, property.

“It is strange and sad that we will now learn more about science -city groups, first of all near Moscow, when it is told about corruption, inappropriate budget spending. ... Without transparency, without public control, accountability, we can’t survive in a crisis, ”she said. - There will be no real science city if it is not visible how each penny of the municipal budget is spent. The squandering of municipal and state property will not lead to any growth. ”

Representatives of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation also performed on the round table, who in 2008 conducted the use of funds aimed at the development and financial support of science degrees. In particular, it was said about the audit, which was produced in the city of Koltsovo (Novobirsk region), G. Korolev (Moscow Region) and G. Biysk (Altai Territory). The results of the audit were published in the “Bulletin of the Accounts Chamber” No. 8 for 2008 [2], in addition, on the SP website you can also find data on verification conducted in 2006-2007 in the cities of Dubna, Reutov, Zhukovsky, Fryazino, Moscow Region. [1].

Svetlana Ananyeva, a leading inspector of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, announced several numbers about how science -hacks spend money and spend money on. It turned out that the largest share of budget expenditures falls on education-30-40%, at housing and communal services-20-30%and for healthcare and sports-about 20%. If in Dubna and Koltsovo about 90% of municipal budgets are taken from non -state sources, then in other science -classs the situation is worse. In Korolev, the share of extra-budgetary funds is 10% (40-45% of money comes from the state budget), in Reutovo-20%, in Fryazino-10% of extrabudgetary financing.

The number of residents of science-hassles working in the scientific and production complex tends to decrease. So, in Dubna in 2000 there were 12.5 thousand, in 2007 - 11 thousand. At the same time, the SP report says that the average wage in science -hats mainly lower than the average wage in the Moscow Region, which in 2006 amounted to about 15.5 thousand rubles, in 2007 - 16.1 thousand rubles.

The funds of the state budget, aimed at supporting science -degrees, are divided by the leadership of cities into several sections, including support for innovative infrastructure. Only in Koltsovo, the share of this section amounted to 72%, and in other science -classs this amount is extremely small and does not exceed 10%.

At the round table, the activities of the mayor of Korolev Alexander Morozen-Ko were especially affected, against which the Investigative Committee at the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation opened a criminal case, and the Accounts Chamber found numerous evidence of the misuse of state funds.

Irina Moreva, editor -in -chief of the newspaper “Evening Korolev”, noted that the mayor of her city, like the mayors of many other cities of Russia, had the thinking of an official, and not a person of science. One of the examples confirming her words was that due to the cessation of the financial support of the city in the science city, now there is no faculty of rocket and space technology MSTU named after Bauman, founded in 1961 by S.P. Korolev. As noted in the SP report, “the work of the faculty was transferred to the main building of the university located in Moscow, which led to a decrease in the contingent of the faculty by almost a third, and the number of students from Korolev was almost double” [2, p. 81].

She brought such a fact. The ramps for the disabled in one year were purchased by the city authorities at a price of 44 thousand rubles, the next year they already cost 100 thousand, and then 200 thousand "What is it?" - asked I. MOREVA. “Appetite comes during meals,” the representative of SP V. Reznikov remarked to this.

In general, the editor -in -chief “VK” believes that instead of the work on the development of growth points, there is a profanity of a science -based project. “The term“ science ”was dissolved,” Vladimir Klimanov echoed her, director of ANO “Institute for Reforming Public Finance”. He noted that it is impossible to speed up the run of science degrees as potential locomotives of innovation without creating incentives and opportunities for quick running. At the same time, he noted that “in a crisis of science, they are in a more advantageous state than other cities. Financing through state orders dictates the stability of city budgets. ”

I.Moreva also expressed fair doubts that the adoption of a special FCP on science city will improve the situation with the cities of science. She talked about the fact that after receiving the status of a science city, and then the adoption of the development program of the city of Korolev as a science of the Russian Federation for 2002-2006.

Its inhabitants perked up, there was a hope that things would improve, but their hopes did not come true. “There is no single recipe for solving all problems, a single“ pill ”, but the steps in this direction must be taken, and the Accounts Chamber offered several steps in its report,” the representative of SP V. Reznikov noted to this.

True, he said that the proposals of the joint venture for the development of science -city groups sent to both the ministries and the government and the President of the Russian Federation remained unanswered. Therefore, he urged the media to draw attention to the problems and potential of science -degree; Perhaps their publications will be able to attract the attention of society and government structures to the need to develop a special program for the development of cities of science.

Natalia Demina

(photo of the author)
First published on Polit.ru

See also:

1. The counting chamber checked the science city of the Moscow Region, November 25, 2008 www.ach.gov.ru/ru/news/archive/2762/

2, S.N. Ryabukhin, Av. Nazarov. Report on the results of the control event “Checking the use of funds aimed at the development and financial support of science -city groups, including in: pos. Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Korolev, Moscow Region, Biysk of the Altai Territory, and ensuring the implementation of the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-ФЗ “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” in science-city groups ”//“ Bulletin of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation ”, No. 8 (128), 2008, 2008 www.ch.gov.ru/ru/bulletin/243/