Waiting for a disaster

News from Dagestan is increasingly reminiscent of military reports. Only from the beginning of May there were 10 terrorist attacks in the republic. But this is official information, and in the conversations, the security forces admit: there were twice as many terrorist attacks. Total corruption and the struggle of clans for power only warm up panic moods. The New Times correspondent was trying to find out how the warfare war could end

In their troubles - terrorist attacks, unemployment, poverty - local residents blamed the republican authorities for a long time ...

The Dagestan air is saturated with an almost tangible fear: the patrolmen on checkpoints even dine without removing the masks. In settlements, police are trying to move in large groups. Any suspicious person can be taken "for clarification." For example, a person with a camera in his hands. If a man wears a beard without a mustache or short pants (the traditional look of Wahhabite), he will certainly be taken away and at least beaten it. Practice shows that such repressive measures lead to the opposite effect. Thousands of neophytes have been adjacent to Wahhabism, which has been prohibited in Dagestan since 1999 since 1999. The Wahhabis themselves claim that every second person who accepts Islam becomes their “brother by faith”. Even if this is an exaggeration, it is difficult to explain the popularity of Wahhabism with only active religious propaganda that Arab preachers conduct in the Republic. Dagestanis themselves offer another, quite logical explanation. In their opinion, living in Jamaat (Arab. - Community) is much more comfortable.

Nalchik No. 2? “Here is a simple example,” says the murminat, the wife of one of the Salafis (as Wahhabis). - In many families, old customs have still been preserved, prohibiting marriages with representatives of another nationality. Can you imagine how difficult it is to find a spouse? After all, there are more than 30 nationalities in Dagestan. And all adherents of the teachings of al-Vahhab are brothers, regardless of blood and even skin color. In addition, many Dagestan men treat their wives dismissively, they can afford rudeness and even cruelty. And the Salafis have a woman - a flower, she must be cherished and pod. She controls all life in the house and enjoys great respect. But it is much more important that everyone who came to Jamaat is actively supported by money, help with work, and do not give offense. Of course, I know cases when a young guy was shown at a official in a Mercedes or a mufti in a jeep with security and explained that these people are Murtada (apostates from faith, hypocrites) and they help kafirama (infidel). And then he could choose the path of Shahid and pick up a weapon or lay a landmine. But this happens far from everyone. Most simply hardly helps the "forest brothers", providing them with food, housing and information. "

According to the woman, there are thousands of such assistants. And many of them are ready to take the streets at the call of their mentors. Then in Dagestan the tragedy may be repeated, which Nalchik had already experienced in 2005, when the city was captured by the Isishamist militants. And there will be almost no one to resist them: the police are frankly afraid of militants. “We have a terrible corruption, everything is for sale. The militants have information for each policeman, investigator or Chekist, ”complains the head of the internal affairs unit of one of the most dangerous regions of the republic. - All my subordinates constantly receive the SSMES with threats. The militants promise to deal with our families. We are afraid to go to the challenges, as there can be an ambush there. ”

According to the chairman of the Union of Public Associations of Dagestan Sulaiman Uladiev, most of the financing of militants are funds received from Dagestan businessmen and officials. “They are forced to pay tribute under the threat of death or destruction of family members,” says Uladiev. - If 5–7 years ago the terrorists had a problem in getting weapons and food, now they have no such problems. Lists of well -known merchants were found recently killed by “forest brothers”, indicating the amounts that they were obliged to pay the “forest” monthly. ”

New redistribution

Mosque in the village of Rich

Most local residents have long been blamed for all their troubles - terrorist attacks, unemployment, poverty, and the dominance of crime - the republican authorities. And after in February 2010, President Mukh Aliyev replaced Magomedsalam Magomedov, it became even worse to live, Dagestanians say. Explosions and shelling occur every day. It’s impossible to get a job without a blat. A fight for warm places and soft chairs took grotesque forms, and the people have stubborn rumors that Moscow officials sold the republic the tops of local clans. Most often, the first deputy head of the Presidential Administration Vladislav Surkov is represented as a seller, and buyers write down the senator and billionaire Suleiman Kerimov. Allegedly, the businessman for a nine-digit amount received the Kremlin’s carte blanche and put a fully controlled person at the head of the region. And with his help, he began to take away everything that was able to make a profit.

“The number of terrorist attacks in the republic has increased by a year by about a third,” says Sulaiman Uladiev. - Ninety -percent of the appointments occurs on the basis of the traditions of the clan system. It is almost impossible for ordinary people to get an education, getting to work and break through in life. A child from a mountain village, even if he was a genius, will not get a place at a prestigious university without a bribe. ”

“As soon as Magomedsalam Magomedov stood at the helm in Dagestan, everyone who supported his predecessor began to be lost,” said the Makhachkala businessman Ibrahim. - First, the manager of the department of the Pension Fund Amuchi Amutinov was fired. His fault was that, as a deputy of the National Assembly of Dagestan, he supported Mukha Aliyev. The new president appointed to manage the Pension Fund of a fighter, the Olympic freestyle wrestling champion of Sagid Murtazaliev. Yes, even if he is an honored athlete, but is he understanding the financial management? ”

Following the Amutinov, the director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Makhachkala Sea Trade Port” Abusupyan Kharkharova was fired. He, too, was a supporter of Fly Aliyev and paid for it. However, Kharkharov did not agree with such a decision and is trying to achieve restoration through the court. In addition, the port workers stood up for their former boss. After the director of the enterprise was appointed deputy Kharkharov Makhach Aliyev, a crowd of port workers beat him. “Aliyev is just a pawn in a big game,” the workers are sure. “There are people who want to privatize the only non -freezing port in Russia on the Caspian Sea, and assign shares through dummies.” The port tells: “Behind the scenes of intrigue there is a terrible person nicknamed Killer. This killer in the 90s was a regular killer in one of the clans, and he was appointed to work in Dagavtodor. And after that, the roads stopped being built, but the clan receives millions of dollars. It is impossible to believe that no one knows about it in Moscow! "

The search for the guilty “Dagestan makes a depressing impression,” says Ahmed Azimov, chairman of the executive committee of the Russian congress of the peoples of the Caucasus. - The deepest crisis affected all spheres: economic, political, social and, most importantly, spiritual. Its consequences can collapse the security system throughout the region. Most of the inhabitants of Dagestan trust the federal center more than local officials. ”

In February 2010, Dmitry Medvedev appointed the new president of Dagestan Magomedsalam Magomedov. The situation in the republic from this personnel castling was not stabilized and an increasing number of people see the root of all their troubles in Moscow

But this trust is rapidly lost. Shepherd Said from the village of Karamakhi accuses Moscow for all troubles. According to him, almost all his fellow villagers think so. “If the rulers of the country would like to support us, they would follow where the money sent to the republic goes,” he says. - A few years ago there were many sturgeons in the Caspian. They gave black caviar - one of the wealth that Dagestan people had for centuries. But now there are almost no fish. Do you know why? Funds that were supposed to go to clear the rivers necessary for spawning, were plundered every year. Officials claim that poachers are to blame. But this is not true. The fish was always caught, and the mouths where sturgeons bay caviar have become impassable only in recent years. And the jambs went to the shores of Iran. And soon we will not have meat. Although the lamb and beef are half as much as even in the neighboring Stavropol and the Krasnodar Territory, it is almost impossible to bring and sell meat. The number is reduced. Do you think this is a long time for our century? You are mistaken! In five years, we will not have our meat for sale. Already, the young guys do not agree to go to the shepherds. ”

The third force

Many believe that in the republic, in addition to official authorities and militants, there is a certain “third force” swinging the boat. Wahhabis nod to special services - they, they say, live better in a crisis situation: they take money for protection from businessmen, and the stars receive straps. The security forces, in turn, talk about spies from the Arab countries, with which Western intelligence destabilizes the situation in the region. Many oppositionists are sure that the President of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov is behind the terrorist attacks, whose ambitions grew to the size of the entire North Caucasus. Looking around, these political scientists say that the Kremlin was created by the North Caucasian Federal District for Ramzan, but at the last moment someone did not agree with someone-and the envoy gave the envoy to Alexander Khloponin.