Translated material
Gas is a brake
Three Presidential mistakes
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Three Presidential mistakes. In the mid -eighties in the USSR, the second process of the collapse of the archaic autocratic management model began in the USSR. Gorbachev was both his engine and brake
All the years in the role of the first person of the state, until the moment when he left the ramp, returning from Foros, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev fought for three things, three whales on which he stood and in the struggle for which he suffered a complete collapse.
Delay the end
He wanted to preserve the Soviet Union. Therefore, he delayed the Novo-Ogarev process. After all, a fundamental question was resolved there: how to transform the Soviet Union from the Union State to the Union of States. And he dragged on, resisted the desire of the republics to independence from the center precisely because he hoped to preserve the “renewed” Soviet Union. And only by August 1991, when he already finally saw that it was impossible to preserve the USSR as a union state, that we had to go to the Confederation-this is where the State Emergency Committee happened. And Gorbachev was in a very contradictory situation-so much that it was difficult to understand: was he still against the GKChP or was he with them?
The putsch pushed to uncontrollable collapse, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union, local worlds were exposed, previously existing in the form of Soviet republics, autonomies and some territories of the Russian Federation, of which Russia was created at one time and which were largely archaic, pleasing structures. During the collapse, the archaic structure was exposed and exposed. Hence, many subsequent oddities like the Ural Republic, the Kalmyk Steppe Code and the Tatarstan sovereignty with the superiority of local laws over republican ones.
He wanted to maintain socialism. Socialism, like the Soviet Union, has already collapsed, and not only in front of Gorbachev, but also with its direct participation. Indeed, it was in the second half of the 80s that decisions were adopted, laws on cooperation, state-owned enterprises, and all this was justified by the need to increase efficiency, performance, interest, including material.
But since the radical economic reforms were delayed, archaic utilitarianism developed by gravity. The unbridled, aggressive, greedy personal interest flourished, the appropriation of enterprises, lands of collective farms and state farms went. What did cooperation based on state property mean? Switching of budget money into private pockets of directors of enterprises, heads of departments and ministries.
He wanted to save the CPSU. At the same time, I did not see that it is the power that blurns the brains, does not allow you to get rid of social mythology. He felt that “it was impossible to live like that,” and his feeling was manifested in specific matters, in the democratization of social life. But at the same time, Gorbachev did not understand that while maintaining the CPSU, the system would not change the system radically.
The deputies who represented a democratically configured part of society wanted Gorbachev to confront the nomenclature, a party bureaucracy, but he often followed her. And over time, more and more went astray in this direction. When he agreed to be elected by the president at the congress, and not by popular voting, this was a sign that he was leaving the “new thinking” he proclaimed, it goes to the bureaucratic version of the continuation of events.
The second attempt
But the fact is that all this is not so much the fault of Gorbachev as his trouble. There was a collapse of the world in which we all, including it, were born and grew up, it was a tectonic shift, mudflow - how could it be opposed to it? The same crisis took place in his mind, and he simply did not end, perhaps, an adequate understanding of what was happening. After all, the Soviet Union broke up not only as a state-political structure, but also as a long-term, historically established system based on autocracy, imperial and mythological way of thinking. It was this system that collapsed along with the crash, the collapse of the Soviet Union. And this Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev did not realize this. But in fairness it must be said that they were not understood and did not see those who at that time opposed him, including the author of these lines.
Note that the first collapse occurred in 1917. The Bolsheviks managed to somehow fasten, subtract the rings of omnipotence and drag it for another 74 years. And what began in the 80s was the second crash in one century. And now the current rulers should think about why it happened. We again now see an attempt to fasten, extend this system further. But this means that the crash will be even more painful than what happened in the 17th and 91st years. Everything is already going on. Only decay can be in the form of dying standing. Entropy in society is such a quiet, slow dying. Not necessarily a storm, not necessarily a revolution, it is not necessary what is happening in the Arab world now - history knows other forms of dying civilizations.
Yuri Afanasyev Russian politician and historian. Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Academician RAEN. In 1989-1991 - People's Deputy of the USSR, co -chair of the inter -regional deputy group. The founder, former rector and president of the Russian State Humanitarian University.