: Calls for Moscow

The development of Moscow today is a serious challenge for the Moscow authorities. Old problems (traffic jams, shortcomings of other infrastructure, ecology, preservation and increasing the tourist stream, etc.) were practically not resolved by the former Moscow government. If there were attempts, then spot, and they did not give a serious effect. The Moscow authorities thought about developing strategic plans for the development of the city even before the decision to expand the capital. Now this problem has become even more relevant. According to the deputy Moscow mayor for economic policy Andrei Sharonov, the new Moscow strategy should unite the elites in an effort to develop the capital.

The capital's authorities are trying to attract the most wide circle of experts in the discussion. Within the framework of this work, the other day, an expert seminar was held with the participation of specialists on various problems of the development of the city and the country.

The participants quickly came to an agreement that almost no long -term development strategy under the former government of Moscow had no Moscow. According to the head of the Analytical Center "Forum" Ekaterina Malofeeva, so far there was no sequence and logic in the development of the city. But the task of creating the International Financial Center in Moscow makes the issue of the convenience of the city for investors relevant.

And here Moscow so far has problems. According to Mikhail Dmitriev, President of the Center for Strategic Development Foundation, Moscow’s problems can be compared with the problems of the third -generation of a billionaire children. Outwardly, everything is not bad: the size of the capital is optimal for such a country as Russia, which creates all the prerequisites for the development of financial and media spheres, as well as the innovative sector. All other agglomerations, according to Dmitriev, are not large enough for this. However, for these areas, the existing urban environment and economics are inconvenient. If you leave everything as it is now, then the fate of large cities of Latin America, which stagnates, and the business runs from them to the cities of the second echelon, can wait for Moscow. According to Dmitriev’s forecast, if you do not take steps to improve business environment, then the financial sector will go to London, and the business that is insensitive to the effect of scale will go to the million-plus cities.

The risks associated with the super-concentration of human capital were emphasized by the director of the Center for Labor Studies of the NIU-INSE Vladimir Gimpelson. According to him, the concentration of people and the growth of the quality of life leads to the demand for new services, and the formal economy is no longer able to satisfy it. For example, one of the requests of citizens is a request for quality medicine. But that high -quality medicine is too expensive for industries that would contribute to the economic development of the city.

In the field of healthcare, according to the Association of Medical Societies on the Quality of Guzel Ulumbekov, the main problem of Moscow remains a low qualification of part of the medical personnel - the emphasis on the development of continuous education of doctors can have a significant effect. Pure optimization of the sector will not lead to significant results.

If there are no completely unresolved problems with health care and the potential of the city is great, then in the field of transport things are much more sad. As Mikhail Blinkin, Moscow in 2008, noted at the seminar at the seminar, in 2008, when the last measurements were held, it drove at a speed of 22 kilometers per hour. Today, according to his assessment, the speed should have already dropped below 20 kilometers, which is comparable to San Paulo and Johanesburg, but significantly lower than in Europe and North America.

There are problems, although not so terrible, and in the field of education. According to the rector of the NIU-VSHE Yaroslav Kuzminov, the main problems are the lack of places in kindergartens, the segregation of schools where the classes formed on the ethnic feature appear, and an excessive number of people with a higher education diploma, not provided with proper level of real qualifications. However, Kuzminov believes that these problems can be resolved.

Cluses in the development of Moscow also exist because Mikhail Blinkin and Vladimir Gimpelson were complained that there are practically no objective data for analysis of problems and searching for recipes for solving them. In the field of transport, even simple speed measurements have not been carried out since 2008. There are no data on the labor market and some other areas of city life.

On the way of development of Moscow, according to the professor of the Faculty of Geographical Faculty of Moscow State University Natalya Zubarevich, there are institutional barriers, since up to 60 percent of the Moscow budget is formed at the expense of “metropolitan rent” (the headquarters of most national companies are located in the city, almost all financial flows, etc.). Rent and provokes the elites to create capitalism “for their own”. It also leads to an increase in social expenses and the creation of a kind of “developed socialism”.

These problems require a speedy solution, since the last 20 years Moscow has developed as the city of the last century, which does not meet modern realities. The challenge facing the capital is the transformation of Moscow into a “global city”, a player of the world, not a national economy, says art critic Grigory Revzin. When 80% of financial flows in the city refers to the world economy, the city inevitably turns into a subject of the world's economy. In this process, different flows - financial, economic, technological and so on - form different elites that have different interests. This is complicated by the fact that transformation into a global city in different directions goes at different speeds.

To solve the problems related to the formation of the “global city”, it is necessary to carry out institutional reforms. According to the rector of the Russian Academy of National Economy and the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Mau, in Moscow, unlike the rest of Russia, there is a serious request for some of the reforms. The authorities of Moscow, in agreement with the federal, could make the city a kind of experimental platform for their holding. According to him, we are not talking about municipal reform, since such a large agglomeration can no longer be independent municipalities. However, it would be quite possible to carry out judicial reform and eliminate the traffic police.

Almost all the participants in the seminar were unanimous in the fact that the development of "Lazhkovsky" could no longer continue. Otherwise, the growth rate of the metropolitan economy will decline and Moscow will begin to degrade. For this purpose, one must reliably know the current state of affairs in various areas of city life. And after that, it will already be possible to understand which development strategy is preferable for Moscow.