Proof, logical, derivation of the truth or falsity of any proposition from other propositions that we accept as reliable, or from experimental data. D. in a narrower sense - the derivation of the truth or falsity of any proposition exclusively by syllogistic means, that is, through inferences. ...

Errors in the essay can occur either in the thesis itself, or in the grounds, or in the reasoning. The error in the thesis itself ( ignoratio elenchi ) consists in the fact that the genuine thesis is imperceptibly replaced by another similar to it; most often found in disputes during refutation. There may be the following errors in the grounds: one of the grounds on which we rely as reliable may turn out to be false ( proton pseudos ); one of the grounds may turn out to be, if not obviously false, still unreliable and requires verification ( petitio principi ); one of the grounds is itself proven only with the help of the thesis that we want to prove based on it ( circ vitiosis or circulus in demonstrando ); The last two errors are the most common.

Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron

Evidence in a criminal case is any information on the basis of which the court, prosecutor, investigator, inquirer, in the manner prescribed by this Code, establishes the presence or absence of circumstances that are subject to proof in criminal proceedings.

Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Article 74

It is always better to express directly what you think, and not to worry about a lot of evidence: no matter how much we present, they will only be variations of our opinions, and opponents listen neither to opinions nor to evidence.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Wilhelm Meister's Years of Wandering, or The Forsaken

It's hard to believe how much intelligence is used to prove stupid things.

Friedrich Christian Goebbel, Agnes Bernauer

The best proof of the insignificance of life are the examples given as proof of its greatness.

Søren Aubut Kierkegaard, Aphorisms of Aesthetics

The proof tells us where to focus our doubts.

Samuel Johnson, Lives of the Most Important English Poets

Proof – Science – Kommersant