A fork of migration

Polit.ru continues to publish performances at expert seminars on the development of a Moscow strategy. Seminars are held in conjunction with the Russian Academy of the National Economy and the State Service under the President of the Russian Federation. On the problems of migration and integration in the conditions of Moscow agglomeration, the speech of Sergei Gradirovsky, chairman of the Public Council of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, expert of the World Bank.

I believe that you need to cut off some things at once. I am sure that you should not discuss the plot that Muscovites are always on someone and bastards: before, in the Soviet era-to the "limiters", and after the aggregate "city" socioculturally processed the entire national village and there was a need to borrow the population from the village of Global, they began to bother with Caucasians and Central Asia. In fact, the entire cultural and economic periphery, but we note our own post-Persian periphery. In those years, Strazhovshchina was much more open and acute - study the materials or talk with those who grew up in Moscow in the middle of the last century and remembers well how the wall went to the wall, the district to the district and the street to the street. Therefore, stories about the increased criminality of migration cannot be deceived and not scared.

So, this has become uninteresting to discuss, everything has long been said. But what is interesting to discuss? - My version.

For example, the contradiction between the ambitions of Moscow (this applies to the all -Russian and global market, as well as the political and cultural) and the inability of Moscow to work with such an important phenomenon as migration. This contradiction is dangerous for Moscow as a world city. And if Belokamennaya still intends to confirm her global ambitions with business, she needs to start serious and well -balanced work in relation to the sociocultural processing of a large -scale stream of migrants. For the world city is doomed to such work. Including, it is in this that his role in the division of labor in our vast territory.

I immediately note: do not believe those who say that no one is able to work with migration. There are examples of successful migration management in the world. The first example is, of course, various Emirates of the Persian Gulf, as an example of foreign labor imports. Let me remind you that the structure of labor in these countries on average by 90% consists of foreigners, which we and Europeans are not even able to think about. Another example is the Philippines - a textbook example of the export of labor. They built a system in 10 years and about 10 million people have been in their management. Therefore, migration can be controlled. This is not a dead end task.

You repeatedly asked me: what should Moscow need to do? But I answer again and again, alas, you can’t answer what needs to be done until you said what you want? And this will not tell you this of high -ranking individuals. There is no technical task. It all ends with conversations.

There is no order for a real offensive in some ways a tough (for a fundamental) migration policy. In reality, there are two discourses with which the authorities operate. The first she uses on the sidelines, with people with money that you say, of course, you will use cheap labor, we all understand what we need-we will do: it costs so much. And the second - already publicly, agreeing with the electorate. Here you will hear about the priority of the local labor force, indirectly and hints that they are of course against immigration and all that way. But really power is not “for”, not “against”. She just balances. Therefore, there is no public migration policy, so there is no special movement in any of the parties.

We should also discuss the issue that is often addressed to the “defenders” of reasonable migration: does cheap work really kill modernization? Is it really due to the fact that Russia is open to the incoming streams of cheap labor from Central Asia (visa-free entry), this does not allow most of those who are ranked for medium and small businesses to modernize? Or sharper: so far there is a free, cheap and irreparable work, we can’t see any modernization! Are they right or not? Therefore, should we resist immigration in general and specifically cheap work? - Let's discuss this!

Further, it is interesting to discuss whether the concentration of the population of Russia in Moscow and wider - in Moscow agglomeration will continue?

I have an answer. Until Moscow remains the capital, it will be the beneficiary of migration, and it will grow due to migration. Moscow remains in this sense a strong drawing concentrated space, and that is why it can control the movement of all types of capital (both financial and human), dominate the country, triumph over the vast space of Eurasia.

The internal structure of the metropolis can be complex, and it is not obvious that any mixing and “cooling” of certain areas should be treated with the minus sign, since some kind of “district mortality” is often beneficial. The mortality rate of individual internal spaces of agglomeration indicates development errors and nothing more.

The city, first of all, is the totality of citizens who are connected with something, who have a certain identity. And in Moscow is it?! Modern Moscow is completely devoid of self -government, and as I understand it, today the task of outlining self -government is also not set. Why? Because there is a great doubt that the Moscow agglomeration will be able to improve through the introduction of the Institute of Self -Government. We definitely need to discuss this, is it so?

Further, the fear that immigrants are barbarians, from which only destruction can be expected. But! If the habitat is finely configured, then, obviously, people who come, if they are more rude by nature, by communication and methods of public action, then they will erode and destroy this environment. But Moscow is not a subtle -minded habitat! Maybe when it was, but today it is not. Therefore, immigrants have nothing to destroy.

What is not in Moscow is the cities in a certain sense - as a thin social setting, as a thin ozone layer of citizens who want, plan and make plans for the construction of the city. In this sense: the invasion of the “wild hordes” of the Great Steppe and the Caucasus does not destroy anything. It is annoying, of course, with its attitude to a woman, to kill a ram on a wonderful holiday of Kurban-Bayram, but, in general, we are dealing with a rather rude environment-social, landscape, small architectural forms, etc. This is rather a city of constantly under construction, denouement, large and corrupt subway, crazy speeds, deaths and suppressed. pedestrians. Well, like brilliant enviable quarry ...

When you feel this, you will understand, migration cannot lower the quality of life in such a city.

The next moment: the attitude to cheap foreign work - how to relate to this? The answer is this: if from the point of view of the interests of labor, cheap work is immoral. And from the point of view of capital, then, of course, cheap work allows you to do many things that are impossible in expensive work.

You need to continue to invest in the Russian language. The Moscow government through schools did this and this work must be encouraged. In matters of integration, the impossibility of communication due to ignorance of the language, a lot interferes with doing. Judge for yourself: if the migrant does not have a language, few that can be expanded.

The next moment - we need to make a decision whether we allow ethnic segregation or not, do we admit an enchanting in such a huge agglomeration as Moscow? In principle, I repeat once again, you can work with enclaves, this is not a sentence. And there are many historical examples of such work.

But first, it is necessary to make a decision on which path we still go? Here is not a choice, terrible - uncertainty. And it was precisely the authorities that did not determine, which is why the signal to lower management levels does not receive from above. They are ready to act on the ground, but the commands do not act, what to do - they did not say. In this situation, it takes no better, but as always: the power organs carry out personal feeding.

And the last, many questions, topics and problems need separate specialized research. So far, there are very few of them. Local studies are conducted, but there are no mass and systematic with a large sample. And even rich Moscow does not order them. As a result, the decisions are made, considerable money is allocated, but under it lies not a well-developed question, but a simple bureaucratic expediency or someone's private interest.