A dashing percentage

Vaccination from a frantic percentage. Interpatse to the salary is a phrase known to everyone and everyone. In today's reality, this is also a colossal business: over the past year, the volume of this market has grown by 34%, reaching 35–37 billion rubles. The New Times studied the features of modern Russian usury to rob the old people ”,“ Postman = Rostov? ”,“ Enough to Cash in People ” - under such slogans a rally in Moscow, on Warsaw Street, at the main office of“ Russian Post ”was held: loans under 2600% per annum were issued here. In other words: intercepting 100 rubles to the pay, a year later, you need to return to the cash desk ... 2700 rubles.

In small print, pensioner Maria Kovaleva, 59 years old - one of the participants in the rally. He complains to the New Times: “Oh, how I was deceived! I get a pension at the post office. Before the New Year, they handed me a proposal there - a loan. I took it, I wanted my daughter to be a washing machine as a gift. I bought it. And a month later she came to pay - Lord my God! I thought 3.25% per annum, and it turns out - on the day. 2600% per annum is a robbery. I would never go to such a percentage. But it is written in such small print that I have not figured it out. ” According to the pensioner, the money in order to pay with the lender, they collected the whole family for two months: “I didn’t have the truth to the rally - it’s useless, but to make sure that I am not the only one. And then I am ashamed before the family. "

Maria Mikhailovna became one of the victims of the scandal, which erupted back in February. A certain Mini-Zaim Express LLC sent off the proposal of loans up to 10 thousand rubles for up to 30 days for those very 3.25% per day, which turned 2612% per annum. Documents for the loan were drawn up by employees of the Russian Post, advertising was made in the corporate style of FSUP. Many old people, like Kovaleva, without dealing with the “crafty” interest, but holy trusting their native mail, decided to take the money, not really understanding what amounts they would have to be given when reckoning.

According to the Confederation of Consumer Societies (Confop), the victims of usurers - before the scandal was raised by the efforts of bloggers - managed to become about 400 people. The Russian Post itself immediately disowned the Mini-Zaim Express. As explained

Vyacheslav Avdyukov, head of the Russian Post, Mail, in this case, only provided agent services, which she had no right to refuse to provide under the law: “The post office is obliged to deliver a message or transfer money - which she did.” At the same time, Avdyukov draws attention, no facts of the interest of his organization’s employees in the “Mini-Zaim Express” activities were revealed.

However

Kirill Kabanov, the chairman of the National Anti-Corruption Committee, believes that a random company-Roist could not just “go to“ Russian Post ”:“ There are definitely someone’s high interests behind this-because the Russian Post is not some kind of commercial structure, but the federal state unitary enterprise, under the full control of the state. ” Kabanov hinted that such patrons, perhaps, should look among the "security forces": "Law enforcement officers in our country traditionally roof a business related to money laundering through financial schemes."

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Dmitry Yanin, president of the confederation of consumer societies, believes that the blame for everything is the greed of the leaders of the Russian Post, who, instead of developing a normal bank on his base, which potentially could become a competitor to Sberbank, pushed to “cut down” easy money with gullible pensioners. Now, according to Vyacheslav Avdyukov, the “Russian Post” broke off relations with all microfinance organizations (MFIs).

The wife’s need to take up to a salary or buy something on credit-the problem is well-known, but today it is not so easy to solve: banks often refuse-the crisis has spoiled credit stories to many, and potential borrowers often receive salaries in “envelopes”. Therefore, needy people are often and forced to go to the gray market of private loans.

In this delicate segment, relations were regulated exclusively by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation until last year, according to which anyone could loan and anyone, for any terms and at any interest - whether a citizen or organization of any form of ownership. In 2011, the Russian financial authorities attempted to introduce microloans (loans in the amount of up to 1 million rubles) in the channel of legal regulation, adopting the law “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations”. During the law, the volume of the legal microfinance market in Russia grew by a third, there was much more aggressive advertising of those who betray such microloans. But the problems associated with the usury in Russian have not been less.

The New Times told about this

Natalia Belying, an assistant to the financial ombudsman: “A person took a loan for a week - 25 thousand at 2% per day, then washed down, he did not pay a loan for a year. Parents-retirees came to us and say: we are ready to pay the debt and interest in a week, but we don’t have more, ”says Natalya Belying. - We wrote a request, they went to meet them. Now several similar cases are under consideration. ”

And all because it explains the impudent that for microfinance organizations practicing “loans to salary”, the main thing is to put the client “for money”. In addition to the passport, they do not ask them or check - are there any sources of income, whether other debts are “hanging”. As a result, wives or parents are often blown up for irresponsible borrowers.

Who is more? In “white” Russian practice, interest on loans that microfinance organizations can require are not limited and in some cases reached 4000% per annum. Well, for this segment, 300-700%is recognized for this segment, considers

President of the National Association of Participants in the Microfinance Market Mikhail Mamut. Where do such frantic interest come from? Representatives of the MFIs themselves refer to the colossal risks of non -return that are characteristic of their business. “Those 20-30% of borrowers who will accurately return loans on time, pay for everyone,” explains

Andrey Marulev, General Director of the Agency "Microfinance". But even if so, the interest of the MFIs should block interest on standard bank loans (15-16% per annum) somewhere 3-4 times. But not in 100!

Mikhail Mamuta believes that the total cost of the loan should be spelled out in the contract, and even the dual -token could figure it out. This idea supports

Julia Bondareva, deputy head of the Federal Financial Market Service: “Already this year, we will oblige microfinance organizations to disclose an effective (that is, real, not advertising. - The New Times) Loan Bet on a par with banks and credit cooperatives,” she said. - In the contracts in the upper right corner, information on the full cost of a loan or loan will be placed. It is important that the borrower understands exactly how much he will pay, and adequately evaluate his capabilities. ”

Well, Dmitry Yanin is sure that in order to combat crazy interest, it is necessary to legally limit the upper limit of the rate per loan. In Poland, for example, such a ceiling consists of three refinancing rates of the National Bank. In Russia, the Central Bank refinancing rate is 8% per annum. Yanin proposes to establish a limit in ten rates (that is, 80% per annum), and everything that is from above is automatically transferred to the category of criminally punished financial fraud: “And if the gentlemen are not able to meet this limit, let them change the work.”