Translated material
Science city Chernogolovka - past, present and future
Past
Chernogolovka's past was, frankly speaking, remarkable. The Moscow Region academic town was created 56 years ago on the initiative of the Nobel laureate in chemistry, academician N.N. Semenov and corresponding member F.I. Dubovitsky, who not only invested their souls in Chernogolovka, but also showed themselves to be excellent managers. Thus, some of the most talented young teachers of the USSR were carefully selected and invited on favorable terms to work in Chernogolov schools; graduates of the Moscow Conservatory taught at the music school. In Chernogolovsk secondary school No. 82 there was an observatory and a planetarium, and photographs of its classrooms, equipped with the latest technology, are periodically found in Soviet film classics. Students and graduates of the country's best universities were selected on a competitive basis to work at the Chernogolov institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, giving them the opportunity to engage in science in excellent conditions.
Hidden among forests, surrounded by lakes, devoid of crime and inaccessible to random people (it is impossible to get here by train), Chernogolovka has been an ideal place for people to work and live for decades.
The present
In 2008, Chernogolovka officially became a science city. Here, in seven research institutes and three branches, 38 academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, more than 300 doctors of science and 700 candidates of science work. The names of Nobel Prize laureates N.N. are associated with their scientific activities. Semenova, L.D. Landau, P.L. Kapitsa, Zh.I. Alferova, V.L. Ginzburg, A.A. Abrikosov, and more recently, in 2010, the Nobel Prize in Physics for research on graphene was received by natives of Chernogolovka, Andrei Geim and Konstantin Novoselov.
In Chernogolovka, the production of high-tech products has been established, which is carried out both by state enterprises (Experimental Plant of Scientific Instrument Making with a Special Design Bureau of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSUE EZAN), Scientific and Technological Center "Electrontech" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSUE STC "Electrontech" RAS), and commercial firms. In last year, the cost of scientific and technical products produced here amounted to more than 10 billion rubles. According to the number of researchers performing scientific research and development, according to internal costs for scientific research and development in relation to the volume of shipped goods of own production, according to the volume of high-tech products of the scientific and production complex Chernogolovka occupies a leading place among the science cities of Russia. What could hinder the further development of such a city?
Let's look at the facts and figures. Of the 66 million rubles received over 5 years under the program to support science cities, the overwhelming majority of the money was spent on laying a village water supply system and a village road. It was not possible to invest a single penny in the city’s infrastructure, and even more so in innovation activities.
The fact is that, firstly, the city does not have its own lands. As a result of the division of academic lands carried out 3 years ago, more than 1,500 hectares of land ended up in the treasury of the Russian Federation. On 15 sites registered in the cadastral register, there are urban developments: multi-storey individual residential buildings, schools, kindergartens, roads, improvement facilities, real estate of legal entities and individuals, places of public recreation.
In 2009, the Administration announced its intention to accept into municipal ownership land plots free from federal property. However, this problem remains unresolved to this day, despite appeals from the city district administration and petitions from the Moscow Region government to the Federal Property Management Agency.
The current situation has paralyzed life in Chernogolovka: new ones are not being built and unfinished objects are not being put into operation, the administration cannot issue permits for construction work and improve the city, land taxes and rental payments for the use of land are not paid - it is not assigned to anyone , although in fact it is used.
Secondly, all urban infrastructure facilities: housing and communal services, boiler house, water supply system, electrical service, sewage treatment plants, outdoor sports grounds, lakes, recreation area - are federal property and are under the economic control of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Operation Directorate of the Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka" ( FSUE UE NTsCh RAS), which is not able to support the city. Management of the housing and communal services complex was legally recognized as a non-core activity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the funding of which was reduced by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation annually. Thus, over the past 5 years, the volume of subsidies has decreased three times, and in 2012, expenses for improvement were not planned at all.
At the same time, the list of problems of the city is growing every day. Major repairs of roads and other housing and communal services facilities have stopped. Debts to gas and electricity suppliers reached almost 40 million rubles at the end of July.
In the current situation, it is impossible to attract investment to Chernogolovka: as we remember, the land and buildings are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Profits from the rental of premises, which are rented out to various companies, do not fall into the city budget. The city budget annually receives tens of millions of rubles less in the form of land taxes and in the form of rental payments for the use of property. The municipality, instead of investing money in modernizing buildings, is forced to pay more than 13 million rubles annually to the Russian Academy of Sciences. as rent for premises housing administrative structures, cultural, sports and leisure facilities.
I would like to talk about leisure separately. The only cinema, also known as a concert hall in the city - the House of Scientists of the Scientific Center for Chronology of the Russian Academy of Sciences - is located in the building of a standard cinema, commissioned in 1967. The auditorium is practically not heated. The KPT-23 cinema equipment, installed in 1967, is morally and technically outdated. The lack of a standard-sized stage creates great difficulties for performers of large concert programs (and there are plenty of talented groups in the city).
The sports complex of the Scientific Center for Chronology of the Russian Academy of Sciences is younger than the House of Scientists. It was built in 1976. The building is designed rationally, does not need reconstruction or redevelopment, but it needs major repairs costing more than 55 million rubles. — the roof needs to be changed, the façade, the swimming pool and the gym need to be updated.
It is well known that the Moscow Region consistently allocates funds for targeted programs, including the modernization of cultural and leisure facilities, and the repair of roads and courtyards. But these programs are completely inaccessible to the city while the improvement of Chernogolovka is financed through the Russian Academy of Sciences and its lands are considered federal.
The other day, the Minister of Physical Culture , Sports and Tourism of the Moscow Region informed the Administration of Chernogolovka accepting about applications for participation in a targeted program to equip football fields of municipal buildings with artificial turf . That is, the region was ready to put in order our football stadiums . But , unfortunately complains Vladimir Avdonin , our , fields are not related to the municipality , so were we denied participation, ” deputy head of the administration of the city of Chernogolovka. — At the same time , the state of our fields is disgusting . The most popular of them appeared in 1966 of the Russian Academy of and on Sciences is still the balance sheet . Due to the poor quality surface of the at the annual city tournaments , athletes receive here serious injuries . The game is taking place behind a thick curtain of dust ; lawn in this place there is no for a long time . Hosting teams are ready for , we you to fail in shame . We demand that the field be transferred to the city in order to put it order in .
discussed in the city for more than ten years has been The issue of building a temple . Here is what the , says about this local priest, Father Vyacheslav : “ Chernogolovka city is a young a been church , there has never here . Historically, the closest to the city was the parish St. Nicholas Church of . Makarovo , the rector of which I am . parishioners of our church are mainly The residents of Chernogolovka . But from her to s . Makarovo is 9 kilometers away, getting here is not for everyone convenient . Realizing this we , built a small wooden church at the hospital, but , of course everyone accommodate , it cannot . In 2000 , the our parish visited Metropolitan Yuvenaly of Krutitsky and Kolomna , who blessed the construction of a church in Chernogolovka in honor of New Martyrs and и Confessors of Russia . Since then , we a lot have managed to do : we have agreed on both the land allocation and the project . But get n’t we ca the land for the temple into the ownership of the Russian Orthodox Church which , is necessary to start construction . The city administration us fully supports , but help is not able to , because ... To . the land is not under her control . Correspondence the Federal Property Management with Agency for many years has been ongoing to no avail ...
Both the Russian Academy of Sciences and the residents understand that these problems can only be solved in one way - by transferring the city’s land and property complex to the municipality. Then it would be possible to modernize the outdated House of Scientists and the Sports Complex through regional targeted programs and/or private funding; put the football field and sports fields in order through targeted programs; allow the construction of an Orthodox church; participate in Moscow region programs for major road repairs; earn money for the city by renting out premises; it would be possible to replenish the city budget by collecting land taxes; attract investment to the city, start new construction on the territory of Chernogolovka.
Future
The brave act of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the transfer of housing and the social sphere of the city to the municipality has led to fact that the now Chernogolovka is a completely independent municipal entity having , its own budget, which has been running with a surplus for the three last years . We have the opportunity to spend money on improvement , educational , medical and other social programs . Much attention is paid to creating favorable conditions such an important issue as for the development of all forms of entrepreneurship .
Chernogolovka is an attractive place for the development of science- based business . We have free and water supply, and land for residential and industrial construction, reserves power for electricity — a developed communications network . The city is connected by good roads to Moscow and cities in neighboring regions . The status of a science city does not provide significant tax benefits for enterprises, but we guarantee businessmen a favorable attitude prompt , resolution of their issues, and strict compliance with mutual obligations .
Directions of financing are the development of infrastructure for scientific innovative , innovative and commercial - activities the implementation , of costly innovative socially significant projects, а as well as projects and activities related to the reconstruction development and of urban infrastructure . In particular , we plan to actively introduce into the urban economy ... resource-saving technologies developed by scientists
In this quote , instead of Chernogolovka there was Koltsovo, and instead of Moscow there was Novosibirsk. Indeed, there is a science city near Novosibirsk, Koltsovo, in which several years ago, on the initiative of Academician Lev Stepanovich Sandakhchiev, General Director of the State Scientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, which was the city-forming enterprise, a bold experiment was made that gave a brilliant result. I wonder if a similar wonderful future awaits Chernogolovka or if its residents will remain captives of the land issue?