Voltaires and sergeant

Terribly, terribly sad. Our beautiful Viktor Markovich Zhivov, a wonderful philologist and enlightener, a wonderful person who, to a ridiculous one corresponded to his surname-right as the hero of some play of the XVLLL century-is no longer with us. Us. It is described about his scientific works. In general, these days on the Internet you could read a lot of different words about him, see a bunch of photos (one better than the other), television programs (he performed a lot, by the way, a recent big interview www.pravmir.ru/viktor-zhivov-o-literaturnyx-biografiyax-evangelii-v-sovetskix-i-simpatichnyx- 90- X--Foto-video/). Here Viktor Markovich famously sat on the floor with students at the lecture of Zaliznyak - there was not enough space. Here is a waltz. Here he is in beret and with a cane at a rally. But he tied a white ribbon on his beard. His dandy jackets and butterflies. His incredibly sophisticated signature. His laughter. His unique speech is the speech of a free person who is not afraid to be bright. Many talk about how it is needed right now, among the approaching twilight.

In Viktor Markovich, there was all the best that we used to associate with the idea of ​​the Russian intellectual. But also in it there was something that in our culture is actually chronically lacking. Ease. Common sense. And some kind of extraordinary affection for life. Yes, of course, Blok wrote: I recognize you, life, I accept /and welcome the ringing. And Brodsky : As long as my mouth was not scored with clay, / Only gratitude will be heard from it. But this, frankly, is more likely a declaration. And Viktor Markovich was like that. Here I reviewed the program “Meanwhile”, in which we once participated together. And how perfectly he then answered the apocalyptic statements of opponents: I think that we do not know when the end of the world comes, and we must be happy to perceive what God sends us. In particular, he sends us Russian in the form in which he is now being used. And we must take advantage of the opportunities that he provides <...>, and not constantly say that, fifty years ago, it was so good, and now everything has spoiled. This is some kind of hopelessly sad position. You can’t live like this ( www.zoomby.ru/watch/19524-tem-vremenem ” ). Bright memory.

I recall another of the television programs in which Viktor Markovich participated. There was a satirist Z., who broadcast that all the philology and history should be thrown into the trash, but he knows the truth. The truth was approximately in the spirit that all languages ​​came from Russian, and we had a writing almost 40 thousand years ago. What kind of rage then the liveliness this smug -free ignorance led to!

I remembered this story when I read the anecdotal letter of the Cossacks against I.A. Storenina (here: http://avmalgin.livejournal.com/3705780.html ) - Voronezh professor, scientist and popularizer of linguistics, the creator of the Russian language service, one of the organizers of the Russian language holidays, the rhetoric festival for children and dictations for Voronezh residents. Not so, they say, the professor loves the Russian language as it should, and now the chieftain of the Cossack village will teach us philology. Well, as usual: “deeply outraged”, “ask to protect”, “the so-called“ specialist ”,“ dishonest rank ”,“ struggle for the spiritual and moral revival ”, as well as in the spirit of the times:“ Synches the actions of a representative of foreign funds and organizations ”. Further - everywhere.

I will not enter into a discussion about the etymological claims of the Cossacks. I do not exclude at all that Professor Sternin, like all of us from time to time, made some controversial statements. But that is not the point. I was struck by the use of the word "correctly." The professor, they say, indicates such an etymology, but correctly - like this. Not that, say, “in the dictionary of M. Fasmer, another etymology is given” or there “as the doctor of philological sciences told us such and such,” and simply like this, says the Ataman. Fieldbel in the volters , in general. Oh yes, Fasmer has some kind of non-Russian surname. Well, in the dictionary - blacks.

Nevertheless, one philological plot from this letter deserves some discussion. So, the malicious professor-Rusofob says (allowing “ridiculous distortion”), “that the Black Highway is an extremist, anti-Semite. That's right - this is a participant, the warrior of the division of the Zemstvo rati - the Black Hundred. "

Of course, we swam, we know. We read the like, as they say, left -wing excuses for dozens of times: what, they say, bad, in the words of the Jew, a Jew, if the word of the Jew is found in Pushkin? What is the offensive of the word hach ​​if this is a normal Armenian word? And even once I came across this: what a sucker? We open, they say, the Dal dictionary (pah, again the surname is non -Russian). There, a sucker is such a fish or a shrub, I don't know anything.

There is no dispute, the combination has a black hundred of an old class meaning (we are not talking about the intricacies now): the hundredths and elders of the Black Hundreds and Slobod said that the heavy people “impleased” from great fires, from the tsarist service (in kissers), from heavy taxes and duties . [DI. Ilovaysky. Brief essays of Russian history (1860)]; Tsarevich and his roundabouts drove into the courtyard, where his trading people of black hundreds and settlements expected, who came from Moscow with bread and salt and with a petition . [A.K. Tolstoy. Prince Serebryany (1842-1862)]. But from the 20th century, another meaning of this combination arises and becomes predominant: the landlord estates are burning, barns with grain are burning, and a black hundred smashes Jewish quarters in cities, beats the intelligentsia. [N.D. Teleshov. The beginning of the end (1933)]; The organizers and inspirers of the Black Hundred and Jewish pogroms <...> - specially sent their messengers in Gulyaypol to organize the pogrom against Jews. [N.I. Makhno. Memories (1929)]. And here is about the connection of two meanings: hatred of Western education merged with the class hatred of the barin, nobleman, capitalist, to the official - to all the mediastinum between the king and the people. The very term “black hundred” is taken from the Moscow Dictionary, where it means the organization (guild) of the lower poorest trade class <...>. In a word, a black hundred is a Russian edition or the first version of National Socialism. [Paragraph. Fedotov. Russia and Freedom (1945)].

However, this is about the combination of a black hundred . As for the noun Black Empire , which is discussed, it is correlated exclusively or almost exclusively with the new chauvinistic value of the combination of a black hundred . Actually, to make sure of this, you do not even need to be a professor of philology. You can simply turn to the national corps of the Russian language ( http://ruscorpora.ru/ ).