External hard labor

It turns out that Nadoconnikova Nadonkonnikova "had to be sewn to study, and not fuck in museums." Such a useful, almost maternal instruction gives the prisoner of the Mordovian colony businesswoman Nina Starikova is one of those for whom the labor of prisoners has become a source of enrichment.

In other words, it was necessary to prepare for the deprivation of liberty, to receive a specialty necessary in the zone. And then the truth: from Sumy and from prison in Rus' they do not rush.

Similarly, the head of the financial and economic department of the FSIN Oleg Korshunov was expressed : "If Khodorkovsky wanted, he would have long been a foreman. But he did not want."

Well, does not want to make a career. But he could hang on the board. Such unconsciousness.

So you see the father-commander in the role of Kutuzov, who was patronizing with Dolokhov, who was unclenched into soldiers: "I hope that this lesson will correct you, serve a good thing. The sovereign is merciful. And I will not forget you if you deserve it."

With domestic re -educators of criminals, everything is clear. We will look for a council for them from the Washington regional committee.

As you know, international conventions prohibit slave and forced labor, but do not prohibit the work of convicts. In all documents, including in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, a reservation has been made on this subject.

However, nothing prevents individual countries from imposing their national sanctions against trading partners using such work. There was nothing like this in the legislative practice of democratic states until the end of the 19th century. England fighting with the slave trade did not disdain either Russian bread or American cotton, although both were the fruits of slave labor. The first national law providing for such sanctions was the American act of tariffs, or McKinli's Tariff, named by the name of William McKinli-the 25th President of the United States, and then, in 1890, the chairman of the Budget Committee of the lower house of Congress. McKinli was a convinced supporter of protectionism in foreign trade. With him, the duties for imported goods reached a record value - 57 percent of the cost. One of the protectionist measures was a ban on the import of goods produced by prisoners.

This provision almost in the literal form migrated to the 1930 tariff law, which in America is called the law of Trouble - Hawley. In the same year, due to reports that prisoners were working in the Soviet Union at logging, the United States introduced an embargo on the import of timber from the three northern regions of the USSR.

An example of the United States was followed by Canada. The restrictions on the import of Soviet goods were introduced by France and some other countries. These decisions caused a panic at the Soviet leadership: wood was the most important article of export. The Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, Alexei Rykov, ordered not to use the conclusions of foreign courts and exclude the contacts of representatives of foreign companies with OGPU officials. In February 1931, the issue was discussed at the Politburo. Karl Radek proposed expanding the response propaganda campaign. He was instructed to organize it.

As part of this campaign, on March 5, at the same time in Pravda and Izvestia, the angry article by Maxim Gorky “ about one legend ” came out. In it, the Petrel of the Revolution called reports of forced labor in the USSR "vile slander" and explained its origin by the international conspiracy of the bourgeoisie:

The legend of the “forced labor” created by the capitalists in the Union of Soviets sets its ultimate goal a robber attack on the Soviet Union - an attack in which the capitalists will force their unemployed proletariat and a begging peasantry to take part.

The origin of the "Legends" is also no secret for Gorky:

Of course, in the Union of Soviets there are incurable criminals, for example, recently two killers and a minor roller fled from logging in the north-it was they who informed Lord Newton and some bishop about supposedly “forced labor” in logging. As you know, the lords and bishops were not inconsistent and repeated the lies of the murderers and a molester within the walls of the English parliament.

A familiar reception, isn't it?

Gorky's article published the full text of the corresponding amendment to the Law of Troubles - Hawley for the only purpose: to focus on the last phrase, which states that sanctions do not apply to goods and products that are not produced in the United States that can satisfy the demand in the domestic market. "As you can see, it is not a matter of morality, but in that: profitable or unprofitable?" - Gorky rejoices.

I have nothing to cover here. Any American law on economic sanctions provides for the possibility of their temporary or partial cancellation in national interests. So it was, in particular, with Jackson’s adjustment, Vanik, who has not been applied to Russia since 1989.

The chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Molotov took part in the renewal of the bourgeois slanderers. His report to the VI Congress of Soviets in March 1931 included a large section "On Forced Labor". Without the slightest twinge of conscience, the head of government said that the unemployed capitalist countries dream of the conditions in which Soviet prisoners work.

The question was so important that in January 1932 the “Regulation on the forced labor camps” was amended, which prohibits the use of prisoners in the production of goods intended for export. In reality, nothing has changed: as the prisoners worked at Lesopoval, and continued to work.

The forest embargo ruined so much blood to Stalin that he irritably remembered him 14 years later, in June 1944, in an interview with the chairman of the U.S. Criminal Chamber Eric Johnson. "We have alive memories of the harm that was caused at one time to the Soviet Union by the Republican Hoover," the leader said then.

However, the grounds for concern soon disappeared: in March 1933, the newly elected President Franklin Roosevelt took office. He established diplomatic relations with the USSR and canceled the embargo to import forests.

For almost two decades, the law of Trouble - Hawley did not disturb Moscow. In May 1944, US Vice President Henry Wallace visited Kolyma and managed not to notice the prisoners there.

But in 1950, from former Japanese prisoners of war released from Soviet camps, it became known that they were forced to work in the processing of crab meat. 15 Congressions sent a petition on this subject to the head of the Customs Service Frank Dau, and he forbade the import of Soviet crab canned goods in the United States, which had been delivered from 1937, about which the Minister of Foreign Trade Menshikov reported to Stalin with a secret note . This ban lasted 10 years.

The corresponding article of the Troubles Law - Hawley remains in force. The last attempt to apply it to the Soviet Union dates back to the years 1983-1984. Senator William Armstrong then requested the director of the CIA William Casey, what Soviet products are produced, according to intelligence, using the labor of prisoners. Casey listed 36 types of products, including wood and wood products, electron-ray tubes and radio components, glass products, auto parts, including agricultural equipment, mining and chemical industries, finished clothing, as well as buttons and zero-zero, oil products, brick, plumbing, electrical control and power supply, electrical control and power supply, electrical control, electrical control and power supply, electrical appliances, electrical appliances. sockets, electric motors, electric pumps, etc. The volume of Soviet exports in the United States then amounted to 227.5 million dollars a year, of which 138 million were on goods made or mined by prisoners.

On the basis of this information, the director of the US Customs Service William von Raab had all the powers and was ready to ban the import of these products, but his direct chief Minister Donald Rigan forbade him to do this. Neither the public hearing in the congress, nor the resolutions adopted unanimously, nor even the appeal to the court unanimously. Riga said that he has no trustworthy information about the use of the labor of prisoners in the production of goods imported by the United States, and Casey went to the backyard and said that his data is generally not very reliable.

In July 1985, the Senate Financial Committee held a hearing during which the Soviet dissident and former political prisoner Vladimir Bukovsky gave evidence of legislators. Unfortunately, he did not have at that moment the concrete and fresh information on the topic of interest to them (he himself was free by this time for 9 years) and built his performance on the proven of the thesis that in the Soviet Union, any labor is forced. Government officials stood firmly on their own. That ended.

The same question has been extended for years in relation to China. The discussion received a new impulse in October last year, when Julie Kate from Oregon opened the parcel with her accessories for Halloween. Between the two dummies of the grave plates, a thoroughly folded note was clamped on cirrier paper. In the broken English, its author wrote that he was a prisoner of a labor camp in the northeast of China, that he and his comrades in misfortune work 15 hours a day to seven days a week and tolerate the mockery of the guards. The writer asked to send a note to the "World Human Rights Organization" - and then thousands of victims of the regime "will forever thank and remember you."

A letter of Nadia Tolokonnikova from the zone should play exactly the same role. These modern notes from the dead house cannot remain unanswered. I do not know yet what kind of products produced by Russian prisoners are exported to the West. However, the FSIN website says : "For organizing participation in international and federal exhibitions-fairs, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia has been repeatedly awarded medals, diplomas and letters." And also: "A number of divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are the only manufacturers of individual names of certified mechanical engineering and electrical products, or occupy a dominant position in the relevant industries."

Well, as long as the “list of Tolokonnika” was not compiled, the workers of the tower and barbed wire invite journalists to the gala concert of their amateur performances. “In the concert,” they promise, ”the most beautiful girls of the penal system - the finalist of the All -Russian contest“ Miss UIS ”will take part.