The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded for fluorescent microscopy

The laureates of the Nobel Prize in the field of chemistry were the Americans Eric Betzig and Willyam Moner, as well as the German Stefan Hell. The award was awarded for his contribution to the development of fluorescent microscopy of ultra-high resolution, the press release of the Nobel Committee said.

The discoveries of laureates allow you to circumvent a fundamental restriction of optical microscopy: the best resolution cannot exceed half the length of the wave of light. In 1873, the scientist Ernst Abbe appreciated this limit at 0.2 microns.

Gellem developed in 2000 and in 2006, which worked independently by Betzig and Moner, the methods are based on the initiated fluorescence of molecules. These methods allowed to visualize the paths of individual molecules inside living cells, the press release is noted. Thus, it became possible to observe how the molecules create synapses between the nerve cells in the brain, as well as explore the proteins involved in the diseases of Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington.

Hell, born in 1962 in Romania, has Germany citizenship and leads the Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry. Betzig (1960) works at the Medical Institute named after Howard Hughes. Monner (1953) - employee of Stanford University.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2013 was awarded to Martin Karplyus, Michael Levitt and Ari Warlle for the development of multi -scale models of complex chemical systems . In the 1970s, laureates laid the foundation for powerful programs that are used to study and predict chemical processes. "Computer models reflecting the real world today have become the basis for most of the most important achievements in chemistry," the press release of the Nobel Committee said.

Karplus was born in 1930 in Vienna. Now works at Harvard University (USA) and at the University of Strasbourg (France). 66 -year -old Levitt is a native of South Africa. He was educated in the UK, worked in Cambridge and Insitus Weizmann (Israel). Since 1987 - Professor in the field of structural biology at Stanford University. Member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Warchezhe was born in 1940 in Israel and now works at the University of South California. He is also a member of the US National Academy of Sciences.