Different "voices", part 2

To the city and the world

Continuation of the series, start read here .

The telegraph was the main and most operational means of communication in the First World War. At the very beginning, the British cable layman of Alert on the orders of Winston Churchill, who then held the post of first Lord of the Admiralty, fulfilled the most important combat mission - on August 4, 1914 he cut the German telegraph cable connecting the island of Borkum in the North Sea with the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands) in the Atlantic.

Germany answered the same. On September 7, the German armored cruisers Nuremberg and Leipzig, raising the French flag, approached the island of Fanning in the Pacific Ocean (now Taboaeran, the Republic of Kiribati), where there was a cable telegraph communication between the British dominions - Canada, Australia and New Zealand. German sailors landed on beret, destroyed the station and cut the cable. On September 9, for the same purpose, the German light cruiser Emden approached the island of the Directorate in the Archipelago of the Australian Coconut Islands in the Indian Ocean. However, the staff of the British cable station located on the island of the British cable station noticed the danger in time and gave the alarm adopted by the nearby British-Australian group of warships.

In the Emden, which was attached by the sea battle, he was destroyed, and his crew surrendered. However, the landing landing under the command of Captain Lieutenant Helmut von Mukke, which landed on the island, nevertheless managed to damage the cable and partially destroy the equipment of the station. The Von Mukke detachment managed to capture the schooner and get to Sumatra on it, the territory of the neutral Dutch East India. There they were picked up by a German merchant ship.

Thus began the British-German cable, or telegraph, war. As a result, when in 1917 it was necessary to transfer 14 points to the German side - the peace plan of President Woodrow Wilson - and invite Germany to negotiate, the only way to do this turned out to be a radio. The radiogram was transmitted by the US Navy radio station in New Bransvik (Canada) and adopted by the German radio center in Nauan (land Brandenburg). On November 10, 1918, the station in Nauan transferred, and the radio operators in New Branswick accepted a message about the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

This radio exchange can be considered the first case of international broadcasting in history. The continuation followed a decade later.

The Americans learned to transmit sound on the radio, turned the radio out of amusing amateurs into a serious business and a full -fledged media. But they were not the first to create international broadcasting. This was done by the Dutch.

In the first half of the twentieth century, the Netherlands remained a colonial power. Their main possessions were located in Southeast Asia. To maintain information and cultural communications with overseas territories, the government decided to create regular broadcasting. So Radio Nederland Wereldomroop appeared - the International Netherlands. Broadcasting began on March 11, 1927 from the Philips radio laboratory in Eindhoven. And on March 31, Queen Wilhelmin turned to her distant subjects on the radio.

In 1928, the Sunday hourly entertainment program of the International Radio of the Netherlands Happy Station first published on the air. It was led by Eddie Startz - a man of irresistible charm and sparkling wit, who was fluent in five languages. His signature sign was the phrase Keep in Touch with the Dutch - "Keep in touch with the Dutch."

I found a small fragment of the recording of his program of that time - this is its very beginning.

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Entertainment program of the International Radio Netherlands

Eddie Startz became the first international radio star. He worked on the air until 1969, and the Happy Station show is a prefabricated champion among radio programs: it exists to this day.

In 1931, three radio stations leading international broadcasting appeared at once. One of them was the Vatican radio. The holy throne hastened to take advantage of the new technical opportunity to forage his flock in all parts of the world.

The transmitting center for the Vatican was built by Gulelmo Marconi. On February 12, 1931, Pope Pius XI arrived in the radio studio at the opening ceremony. Here is the newsreel that captured this visit.

Markoni, who had become a Nobel laureate, marquise, senator, head of the Royal Academy of Italy, a member of the Great Fascist Council and a gentleman of many awards, as you can see the regalia on his tailcoat and tape, Having kneived the knee in front of the dad, Marconi kisses his hand. It can be seen how he is worried. Pius XI examines the equipment of the studio, transmitting the antenna, listens to explanations. Then Marconi makes a speech:

For me, the greatest honor to announce that after a few seconds the Supreme Pontiff, the Pope of the Roman Pius XI will enact the radio station of the Vatican state. Electric radio waves will spread throughout the world the words of the world and blessings. With the help of the Almighty Lord, by whose will the mysterious forces of nature begin to serve as a person, I managed to create this tool through which believers of the whole world will receive consolation, listening to the voice of the Holy Father.

The dad completes his response word with the words of the Bible:

Having gained the opportunity to take advantage of the wonderful invention of Marconi, we turn to all people of the world now and in the future words of the Holy Scripture: “Listen, heaven, and listen, earth (Isaiah, 1: 2). Start, nations, listen and listen, tribes! Yes, the earth hears and everything that fills it, the Universe and everything that is born in it!” (Isaiah, 34: 1).

In the same 1931, Christians of another denomination - evangelists gained their international radio. It was created by the American preacher Clarence Wesley Jones.

Clarence Wesley Jones

He gained experience on radio in Chicago, where the Evangelical Missionary Radio Standed. The success of these programs led him to the idea of organizing broadcasting in one of the countries of Latin America. In 1928, Jones first went to Venezuela, then to Colombia, Panamu and finally to Cuba, but in none of these Catholic countries he was able to achieve the permission of the authorities to create a radio station. He returned to Chicago in gloom. A year later, Jones met with a married couple of missionaries-gospelists from Ecuador-Ruben and Grace Larsons. It was the Larses who managed to get a broadcast license from the Ecuador Government. In August 1930, the Ecuador Congress approved the bill, which Jones was granted the right to broadcast for a period of 25 years.

“We clearly saw the hand of God, moving the entire Congress of Ecuador,” Ruben Larson in the United States Jones reported, “forcing them to agree to the service of the gospel radio in this closed Catholic country.” And he quoted the Old Testament Prophet Zachariah: "... not by the army and not by force, but my spirit, the Lord Savaof says (Zah, 4: 6).

Jones rejoiced. However, engineers cooled his ardor: they stated that the geographical position of Ecuador will interfere with radio broadcasting: the mountains and proximity of the equator would not allow the signal to spread beyond the country. At that time, science still did not know everything about the laws of the spread of radio waves. In the future, it turned out that it was such a geographical location, in particular the equidistance from the magnetic poles, makes the Ecuador ideal for radio broadcasting, almost free of interference. This circumstance convinced Jones that he acts in accordance with the Profit of God.

Radio "Voice of And" was aired from Kito on Christmas in 1931. The half -hour program was opened by the gospel anthem "Your loyalty is great, Oh my God!"

The ensemble of Heritage Singers is singing-recording a concert in the Church of Campus Hill, the city of Loma-Linda. California.

Your fidelity is great, oh my God!
Wisdom and mercy you were marvelous.
You are unchanged, you are the same from century,
Full of compassion and father of love.

(Thomas Obadiah Chisholm, translation by Daniil Yasko)

The programs were conducted in English and Spanish. Later, the Swedish and the language of the Indians of Kichua were added to them, and even later - French, German, Dutch, Czech, Arabic, Italian, Hebrew and, finally, Portuguese and Japanese. The first radio studio was equipped in a former shepherd. Gradually, the radio gained authority. The effectiveness of broadcasting was evaluated by the government of Ecuador. President Alfredo Bakerizo and his successors have repeatedly used the Voice Andes microphone for appeals to citizens. And on Easter Sunday of 1940, President of Ecuador Andres Cordov personally commissioned a new transmitter of a radio station with a capacity of 10 thousand watts.

In March 1941, Peter Deineka, a native of Belarus, who became one of the leaders of Russian evangelists in the United States came to Kito. (A year and a half ago, a house-museum was opened in his homeland.) Clarence Jones invited him to pronounce a preaching in Russian on the air, and then convinced Deinek to move to Kito.

Thus began the Russian -language broadcasting of the Voice of And. In 1948, Deineke was joined by a young married couple - Konstantin and Elizabeth Levschi. The left-handed people were followed by Alex Leonovich, Elena Zerenova, Yakov and Ruf Schelenko, Stale Yarema, Vladimir Kulakov, Alex and Elody Kishenikov, Peter Deineka Jr., Zinaida Chipurenko, Maria Dimitruk, Welly and Natasha Kulakov, Sergey Dlue, Andrey and Elena Ralek. They carried the Word of God to an atheistic country, where their co-religious Baptists were persecuted as dangerous sectarians.

Radio "Voice of And" still exists. Now it broadcasts not only in Russian, but also in Ukrainian, Chechen, Uzbek, Turkmen, Chuvash, Bashkir, Tatar ...

Continuation read here .