What new expenses will Muscovites face?

Enter the city, get a passport, get married, pay for housing... The Denga correspondent figured out what services will become noticeably more expensive next year and what new mandatory payments our authorities intend to introduce.

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In the new year, paid parking will extend beyond the Garden Ring, and in some places beyond the Third Transport Ring.

Photo: Kommersant / Vasily Shaposhnikov / buy photo

In 2015, a patent for migrant workers will increase in price fourfold - from one thousand rubles to four

Photo: Kommersant / Anatoly Zhdanov / buy photo

The state fee for marriage will increase, but happy newlyweds are unlikely to notice it

Photo: Reuters

ANNA GOLDBERG

Barrier city

“You shouldn’t wait for paid entry into Moscow, it’s worth waiting for the New Year,” said Moscow Deputy Mayor Maxim Liksutov in mid-December, and many relaxed, deciding that there would be no paid entry into the capital at all. Moreover, a little earlier, Sergei Sobyanin assured that the news about the decision to introduce a fee for the entry of vehicles into Moscow was a newspaper hoax. The bill on paid entry into cities and their individual sections prepared by the Ministry of Transport, meanwhile, is in its turn being approved by departments and, most likely, will be submitted to the State Duma for consideration at the beginning of the year.

Of course, there is a possibility that the bill will be rejected; again, it is up to the regions to decide whether to charge entry and, if so, where exactly. However, practice shows that, for example, Moscow has recently rarely refused the opportunities provided at the federal level to replenish the city budget. Therefore, most experts believe that entry into at least the center of the capital will become paid next year. And maybe not only to the center. “Such conversations don’t arise out of nowhere,” said Boris Yaryshevsky, a member of the board of the National Association of Technological and Price Audits. “Most likely, this information was launched to test the public reaction. A painfully detailed rumor: supposedly for 200 rubles you can cross the Moscow Ring Road and for another 200 rubles you can enter the Third Ring Road."

In addition to replenishing the budget, paid entry will help Moscow cope with the problem of traffic jams. Most other solutions to this issue (and the city leadership considers it a priority) do not bring money into the budget, but take it away. For example, the construction of the Fourth Transport Ring was estimated at a trillion rubles even before the current crisis. “With proper, fine-tuning, this solution will be effective, although it, of course, will not be popular among the population,” Boris Yaryshevsky is convinced. He cites the example of London, where the decision to charge entry into the city center was made by Mayor Ken Livingstone without public discussion, was perceived very painfully and cost him his victory in the elections. “If it is carefully thought out where to set the boundaries of the toll entry, what to do with a car that has been inside the toll zone for too long, how to collect the toll and, most importantly, how to provide the population with alternative routes of movement, this may turn out to be a good solution,” says Yaryshevsky .

“In London, they made a part of the city no larger than our Garden Ring that requires entry fees. In our country, they can swing and block off all the entrances to the city with a barrier. So that such, you know, robber nightingales would sit at the entrance, collecting bribes,” says Petr Shkumatov, the director, nightmares. Blue buckets."—The President at the budget meeting announced a course to reduce budget expenditures! And in Moscow, revenues from the introduction of paid entry, according to the most conservative estimates, could amount to 200 billion rubles per year. At least they will definitely make a paid entry into the city center - personally held printouts of the program in my hands."

About the beauty of walking

However, the costs of motorists will increase next year even without paid entry. First of all, due to parking. On December 25, paid parking goes beyond the Garden Ring, and in some places even beyond the Third Transport Ring. 40 rub. per hour you will now have to pay in Khamovniki, Zamoskvorechye, Lefortovo, in the area of the Airport metro station and many other places. “The decision of the capital’s authorities was not quite timely,” says Boris Yaryshevsky. “The system is far from ideal in order to scale it up. On the contrary, everything had to be debugged in a small area, taking into account complaints related to the incorrect placement of signs and imperfect organization of the process of returning a towed vehicle. There are also many questions about the intended use of funds received for paid parking."

“They write that they have received more than 2 billion rubles since November 1, 2012,” reflects Pyotr Shkumatov. “And how to check this? No way. Only the Accounts Chamber or the Prosecutor’s Office can do this. Where is the confidence that it is not twice as much? And the most important thing is how to check what they spent on? Remodeling the playground for the third time in a year, fences or endless asphalt. Nothing is clear, but the city’s economy is not using less, they are simply cutting down on other expenses - on. entertainment, things, products, thereby undermining the market."

They will continue to convince citizens that a car is, after all, a luxury all year long. Already now, thanks to the training reform, it has become significantly more expensive to even just take up the path of driving. In driving schools that have passed inspections, the cost of the course has increased from 25-30 thousand rubles. up to 40-50 thousand, and next year the growth is expected to double again - up to 80-90 thousand rubles. The fee for passing exams is now planned to be set at 4.5 thousand rubles. (theory - 1 thousand rubles, platform - 1.5 thousand, general driving in the city - 2 thousand).

It is also obvious that gasoline prices will rise. The president, of course, demanded that it not rise in price, but at the end of November a law on a tax maneuver was adopted, which should help oil workers survive the crisis: the mineral extraction tax will be increased, but duties on oil exports will be reduced. The result, as predicted by Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich, is an increase in gasoline prices by at least 10%.

OSAGO, which just doubled in price in October, may rise in price again by at least 30% in March. However, the amount of compensation for road accident participants will also increase - from 120 thousand rubles. up to 400 thousand rubles. for material damage, from 160 thousand rubles. up to 500 thousand rubles. for damage to health.

In 2015, the transport tax for owners of old cars may be significantly increased - this was once again recently proposed by Dmitry Medvedev. “Transport tax is still extremely antisocial,” says Vyacheslav Lysakov, leader of the Automobile Russia party, indignantly. “It depends on the power of the car, and people pay it even when they rarely use the car or don’t use it at all. And if they add this “environmental friendliness” factor? ", this will be a continuous escalation of social tension. Half of the Russian car fleet is more than ten years old, but if people could afford a new car, they would buy it without any new tax."

Paper City

In addition to a driver’s license, a bunch of other documents will become more expensive in Moscow next year. The state duty for issuing a foreign passport will double - from 1 thousand to 2 thousand rubles. for a regular passport, from 2.5 thousand to 3.5 thousand rubles. for biometric. For 150 rubles. It will become more expensive to get married (350 instead of 200 rubles), and 250 to get divorced (650 instead of 400 rubles). You can change your first and last name for 1,600 rubles. instead of the current thousand. Licenses for various professional activities will also cost more: to become a notary - 100 thousand rubles, to start managing apartment buildings - 30 thousand rubles. Patents for migrant workers will become more expensive. They will become electronic, mandatory to receive within 30 days (violators face a fine of 10-15 thousand rubles) and will cost 4 thousand rubles - now a patent costs 1 thousand rubles.

One of the likely innovations is that the cost of patents for doing business may vary depending on the Moscow region. According to the bill being considered by the Moscow City Duma, a patent for renting out apartments or any other business in the city center should cost more than on the outskirts. If the bill is approved, in Zelenograd, for example, the right to rent out an apartment can be purchased for 7-9.5 thousand rubles, and in the Central Administrative District - for 20-30 thousand rubles.

Housing and Muscovites

For most Muscovites, housing taxes will increase next year - for some not much, for others quite significantly. It is now calculated not according to the inventory value, but according to the cadastral value (it is closer to the market value and tens of times greater than the first) and according to a progressive scale. As a result, the owner of a three-room apartment in a Stalinist building near the Universitet metro station will pay twice as much for real estate as in the outgoing year - approximately 7 thousand rubles. instead of 3.5 thousand, and the owner of a two-room apartment in a new panel house in Otradnoye - 2 thousand instead of 1,400 rubles. However, the main fun is yet to come: in 2020, the tax for these two citizens will be dramatically different: 19.5 thousand rubles. versus 5700 rub.

The usual increase in prices for housing and communal services is also expected. “The cost of housing and communal services in Moscow increased quite recently, in November, so prices most likely will not rise significantly until July,” predicts Evgeniy Bogomolny, head of the department of real estate management and land use problems at IOM RANEPA. The November increase in Moscow, by the way, was less than in other regions: in the capital, the cost of housing and communal services increased by 7%, that is, by about 150 rubles. per person, for the country as a whole - by 8.7%.

However, the government has already established a maximum index for the growth of tariffs for housing and communal services, and it is 10%. “This is a rather strange index,” says Sergei Belolipetsky, a specialist at the IOM RANEPA. “In theory, it only affects consumption standards, and everything that is above the norm is sold at a market price. For example, in 13 regions of our country (but not in Moscow ) the monthly norm for electricity consumption is 50 kilowatt-hours. In China, let me note, the norm is 300 kilowatt-hours in most cases, only enough for lighting, and if you use a kettle, refrigerator, washing machine, you need more. It is quite possible that such measures could be introduced in Moscow against the backdrop of the crisis.”

Regardless of whether Moscow lives by these rules or not, an increase awaits apartment owners who have not installed water meters. The government is now considering the option of increasing the corresponding amounts in their receipts by 30% every six months.

However, water prices will rise for everyone. According to the NP "National Housing Progress", in most regions on July 1, 2015, water supply will become 10% more expensive, electricity and heat will become more expensive by 6-10%. In addition, an innovation will be the payment for major repairs, which in Moscow will be 18 rubles. per meter of area. “This can still be considered a gift; previously, a rate of 80 rubles per square meter was discussed,” says Dmitry Gordeev, an expert at the Institute of Urban Economics Foundation. “In principle, it’s not bad that Moscow decided to shift part of the responsibility for repairs to homeowners. Previously It turned out that those who did not need repairs paid for repairs in other houses from their taxes. Now everyone will pay specifically for their house, and help from the city will be targeted - only to those who, for various reasons, pay contributions for capital. repairs cannot."

“In any case, all these planned price increases seem like trifles against the backdrop of what can happen to the cost of housing and communal services in the absence of imports or with their exorbitant cost,” says Irina Irbitskaya, director of the Center for Urban Planning Competencies of the IOM RANEPA. “We have a lot in the housing and communal services system tied to imported parts, technologies, reagents. If they cost twice as much - and at the current rate they will, pricing will go further along the chain. And then how to keep the growth within the limits of inflation? Either sit without gas and do not purify the water, or wait. intervention of the state, which simply has nothing to interfere with. So we will get an increase in prices for housing and communal services proportional to the exchange rate.”

My capital is getting more expensive