Organs transplant

Ukraine begins to reform its police - according to the Georgian model and under the leadership of one of the authors of the Georgian reform

The Verkhovna Rada deputy Anton Gerashchenko, while driving a personal car, skips the zebra over which the pedestrian brought his leg. The wave of the rod-and the Honda CR-V of the nearest comrade-in-arms Arsen Avakov, the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, is forced to stop. Place of action - European Square, the center of Kyiv. The harsh, as an article by the Criminal Code, the policeman takes the rights and leaves, but, having identified their owner, hastily returns: "Oh, Anton Yuryevich, sorry, I probably delay you?" Gerashchenko tells him that everything is correct: "I admit, violated, let's write a fine as soon as possible."

The likelihood that in six months this policeman will still wear form is not very large. Not because he stopped the deputy. And because this deputy himself participates in the launch of the reform, the details of which he so enthusiastically explained to the author of these lines that he slipped through Zebra. As a result of the reform, according to Gerashchenko, over five years, the personnel of the Ukrainian police will “upgrade 80 percent” with a significant reduction in the number of employees. Moreover, the update will begin precisely with the patrol service of the city of Kyiv. The road inspection and the city patrol in their current form are simply disbanded. Instead of 4,000 police officers who served there, 2000 employees will be hired on a competitive basis - to work in a new unified patrol service.

The set began at the end of January. Interests, unexpectedly for the initiators themselves, turned out to be huge, 33 thousand applications were submitted, that is, more than 15 per place - as in the most prestigious university. To cope with the flow, I had to create additional testing centers. Women make up about 35 % of applicants, citizens with higher education - about 40 %. Also, a university diploma has 63 % of the initial screening and admitted to testing.

But the current police officers seemed to wave their hand at their work. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain why of all the candidates only less than a thousand have ever worked in the police and less than a hundred-in the traffic police.

In June 2015, having traveled under the leadership of American and specially hired Ukrainian instructors, police police will appear on the streets of Kyiv-in a new form and on new cars. And by the way, they will no longer be called police officers, but by police. Salaries will grow threefoldly compared to the current ones. If everything turns out in the capital, Kharkov and Odessa will follow in the same year.

Another thing is that a lame economy can make its own adjustments to ambitious plans. In January, candidates for work in the police of a new model promised a very decent salary of 6000-8000 thousand hryvnias, which at that time was $ 320–420. But in February, the Ukrainian currency collapsed (February 25 in the Black Interbank market reached 38 UAH/$ and higher against 19–21 UAH/$ in January. - NT ), in terms of salaries, counting, two times, and there is no question of indexation yet.

The Ukrainian police suffer from three percent of trust in the same set of diseases as all post -Soviet institutes of order protection, only in a more acute form than most of them. “The police of Ukraine, like Russia, is a fragment of the Soviet police, whose task is to protect power from the people instead of protecting the people themselves,” says Gerashchenko.

According to the government document entitled “Strategy for the Development of the Internal Affairs of Ukraine”, citizens' trust in the police fell to the level of 3 %. “If you consider all the current and former employees, as well as members of their families, then it will work out that way,” Gerashchenko comments on these data. At the same time, Ukraine is one of the world leaders in the number of police officers per capita (542 by 100 thousand people), and is half as much as the United States.

The authority of the police catastrophically undermined the tragedy that happened in the summer of 2013 in Vradievka, when two policemen raped and tried to kill the woman, and the bosses covered them. And after the bloodshed on the Maidan, walking in a police uniform in Kyiv became simply dangerous-at the end of February 2014, the police patrol cars were taken under guard with Avtomaydan activists.

To remain afloat in the conditions of war, Ukraine needs to carry out many painful reforms related to budget optimization and reduction in social benefits. But the reform of the police is hardly the only one that can be called popular with confidence, for so long it has ripened. At the same time, the reform on Georgian patterns is tailored, and its implementation is engaged in the former first deputy minister of the internal affairs of Georgia ECA (Catherine) Zguladze, which at one time created these patterns. Now she holds the same position in the Ukrainian government, for which President Petro Poroshenko gave her Ukrainian citizenship.

When Zguladze became the second person in the Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs, she was only 27 years old. Now - 36. And now she will have to reform law enforcement agencies with the tenights of the most important population, moreover, being at war. “Ukraine is waging a war on two fronts. One is in the east, the other is here in Kyiv. And here everything is simple: if we do not carry out reforms, we will lose the war, ”says Zguladze, sitting in his new office in the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. In neighboring rooms, young people from her apparatus, in appearance, are more associated with the word “startup” than “law enforcement agencies”.

However, reforms, like fronts, can also be said, two. One - deep and comprehensive - must pass the legislative stage. According to Zguladze, about 30 experts attracted by the EU mission in Ukraine provide assistance in creating laws. The main goal is to separate the ministry as a politicized structure from the police service itself, which should not be an instrument of political struggle and repression. In addition, the creation of the municipal police and the Unified Investigative Bureau of the FBI type is assumed.

Another reform is fast, designed to give a signal to society that the changes have already come. “The question is to do what can be done today. Because society is waiting for the results yesterday, ”Zguladze explains. The reform of the patrol service will become the very signal of change-after all, people encounter patrol police officers every day.

The guys from Rino who wanted to become a new generation by the first thing the first thing to fall into the huge booze hall of the teacher’s house on Vladimir Street - a monumental building, where the central radio was sitting during the first independence of Ukraine in 1918. The application procedure is very short. The candidates for the police met at the exit were thoughtful and laconic.

20-year-old Vladislav Stelmakh says that it is not for my salary: “I can make money more at a construction site. I just don’t want corruption in our country. ” For the same reason, he went to the Maidan last winter, although he did not take part in street battles.

27-year-old Victoria, on the contrary, considers the announced salary a “good stimulus”. The physician by education and the wife of the opera, she believes that corruption in the country will not be able to win, but - "let it be at least the beginning." Victoria is not afraid for her husband’s workplace: “Yes, I have it out of competition.”

From the main hall, the statements fall into the neighboring one, where they are processed by volunteers. The completed primary cuts down are then invited to a series of tests. First, the ability of recruits to analyze and think logically is checked. The second stage is an physical training and a medical examination. At the last stage, candidates are held by an American test “for personal characteristics”, revealing their leadership qualities and life values.

The American component provokes enthusiasm among the candidates. The young man, waiting for his turn for a test near the gloomy, dark gray building of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on Airoflot Avenue, recalls the Police Academy: "I will turn on the mahony to them, it will not seem enough!"

In the training process, the main violin will be played by cops from the heart of the Wild West - the city of Rino, Nevada. “These are current police officers, some of them teach in academies, and the rest work in the patrol service,” says Christopher Smith, who is responsible at the US Embassy in Kyiv for cooperation in the field of law enforcement system. The reason is quite accidental - an American policeman who from the very beginning connected to the development of reform in Ukraine, was the head of the police in Rino. “And in Georgia, the head of the program was from the state of Georgia, respectively, and most instructors - from there,” explains US Ambassador George Kent.

In addition to the US government, reform support through his Ukrainian Renaissance Foundation is provided by businessman George Soros, as well as the European Union. The salaries of the police will be paid from the state budget, but equipment and training are funded at the expense of Western donors.

“I am sure that when we take the first steps, donor assistance will become wider and more powerful,” says Eka Zguladze.

The police with the national person , the head of Zguladze, the Minister of the Interior Arsen Avakov received his post immediately after the victory of the Maidan in February 2014, and this year he had to devote not so much to internal affairs as the defense of the country. Together with the police, he inherited internal troops and the notorious detachment of the Berkut special forces, that is, the very structures with which Avakov himself was literally on different sides of the barricades during a bloody confrontation in Kyiv.

Former police and Berkutovites played a key role in the seizure of power in the Crimea and in the Donbass. However, Avakov managed to maintain control of the police in other areas, where events initially developed according to the same scenario. In his native Kharkov, the separatists seized the building of the regional administration and even managed to proclaim the Kharkov People’s Republic, but on the orders of Avakov were knocked out the same night.

When the war in the Donbass began, the same Avakov created the National Guard on the basis of the internal troops, which included motley volunteer detachments. Avakov’s long -time ally and Kharkov, Anton Gerashchenko, played an important role in this work, focusing primarily on the former battalion, now - the shelf of the National Guard of Azov.

Azov’s deputy commander Vadim Trojan was appointed head of the police of the Kyiv region at the end of October 2014. In the past, an investigator from the Kharkov region, who became a major entrepreneur, Trojan-in his own words-was one of the founders of the organization Patriot of Ukraine, which is now part of the Coalition "Social-National Assembly"

* * The Social-National Assembly is a coalition of five “Social-nationalist” organizations, led by Anton Biletsky, the current commander of the Azov regiment. .

Trojan himself, in a conversation with NT , said that the Patriot of Ukraine arose as the organization of ideal students dissatisfied with the discrimination of the Ukrainian-language residents of Kharkov, and now the organization was “oriented for sports”. But the largest Ukrainian expert on the right radicalism in Europe Anton Shekhovtsov calls it “neo -Nazi”. The program available in the past on the organization’s website operates with the concepts of “Naziocracy”, “purity of blood” and calls for the dismantling of institutions of democracy and capitalism. Now access to the site is parking.

Today, Vadim Troyan is subordinate to 9,000 police officers. The reform that is carried out in Kyiv will not affect the region yet, so Trojan, according to him, concentrates on replacing the old bosses with new ones - “with a higher level of intelligence”, as well as on reduction: “The former leaders simply gained bribe takers, and you can’t change these people. There are about a third of them, and they are superfluous. ”

Photo: Vesa Moilanen/Eastnews.ru, Maxim Nikitin/Tass