Translated material
In the science of punishment
In the early days of May, Boston’s court must pronounce a sentence to Johar Tsarnaev, who, together with his brother Tamerlang, arranged explosions at the Boston Marathon two years ago - then three people were killed and 264, another deceased - the policeman - was killed by them during the chase.
At the end of March, the jury found Tsarnaev to be guilty of 30 points of prosecution, of which 17 are “pulling” the death penalty . On April 21, the “Stage of Punishment” began - The New Times visited Boston at the trial of Johar Tsarnaev
The building of the federal court on the street side resembles a fortress composed of red brick, and from the inside it looks like the famous New York Higheurem with its main staircase, curved by a spiral of a sea shell, from which the gallery diverges. 12 jury, who have to decide - to execute Tsarnaev or imprison in prison - gathered in the hall No. 9. At the exit from the hall - a completely glass round wall with a view of the Charles River (beyond the river - the campus of Harvard University with its famous law school) and boat pier. Tsarnaev, sitting in the hall, looks quite calm and satisfied with himself, as if to pass the sentence not at all. The “stage of punishment” begins in the Boston Court - this is the name of the action in the official language, when the issue of the deadline is being resolved, it was the “stage of the prosecution”, which ended with the verdict “guilty”.
To save the death of an execution
Tsarnaev’s lawyers-Judy Clark and Miriam Conrad-whispered something to him, sometimes soothingly strokeing him on the sleeve of a gray jacket. Johar nods, and then delves into the text transmitted to him - most likely, this is a petition for life imprisonment just submitted by lawyers. Sometimes he inquiringly pokes with a beautiful long finger in some line, and lawyer Clark in his ear gives him explanation.
Judy Clark is a very famous lawyer, and she is known primarily by saving her wards from execution. In the list of her victories - an ideological terrorist, professor and anarchist Ted Kachinsky, aka Unaabomber, who killed three and crippled 26 people; Suzan Smith, drowning his one -year -old and three -year -old sons for the sake of the new adultery; An imaginary “God -chosen” Eric Rudolph, from whose hands two and 111 were killed at the Olympics in Atlanta. All of them are alive, having received a life sentence, and recognized by the mentally ill Smith even has the right to seek pardon in 2020, when a 30-year term of bars will not defer.
True, unlike Johar Tsarnaev, they pleaded guilty and repented of the deed. Johar, on the other hand, holds in court defiantly, makes it clear with all his appearance that he does not regret what had happened. “It’s not to blame,” he answered at all 30 points of charge at the previous stage of the process. “Guilty,” the jury did not agree with him, unanimously issued their verdict. 
The gray-haired judge George O'Tul, from under the Black Judicial Mantle of which the chocolate tie peeps out with white, in the tone of the shirt, strip, is casting around the jury, whose names are classified: “I hope none of you talked about the case we are considering?” - just in case, the judge asks.
Judge O'Tul with a written order forbade the jury to appear at the Boston Marathon, which this year took place the day before the start of the court, on April 20. Among the jury, men and women, mainly from Boston and his suburbs - a bookstore seller, air traffic controller, unemployed, painter and fashion designer. They went through two sieves of selection from the initial one and a half thousand people, answering “no” and “yes” to two main questions: are you confident in Tsarnaev’s fault and whether you are allowed to execute as the highest measure of punishment * * according to American laws, so that the cases can threaten the death penalty, only the jurors are considered fundamentally not opposed to the highest proportion. ?
“I want to remind you,” says Judge O'Tul 12 jurors of the main composition and six more spare ones, “a wooden barrier separates them from the audience,“ when there was a selection to the jury, each of you agreed that if the defendant is recognized as guilty by the points providing for the death penalty, he may be executed. The decision depends entirely on you, ”the judge sums up. He explains: the vote will be carried out separately for each of the 17 points of the prosecution, which are drawn to the “tower”, and if at least one of the points collects consensus, Tsarnaev will be condemned to death. “The decision on punishment should be made by you without a shadow of doubt,” the judge emphasizes.
In addition, he explained the jury: in order to carry out the highest punishment, it is necessary to take into account three factors: whether the convicted 18th anniversary at the time of the crime was reached (Johar was 20 years after the attack a few months after the attack), did he (and, according to a pre-compiled plan) followed the terrorist attack and whether there were aggravating circumstances when committing a crime. “Your decision should be convinced and morally justified, deprived of emotionality or sympathy for victims. You were chosen because you promised to be impartial and fair, you swore that you did not have an enemy in this hall to punish, and there is no friend to have mercy, ”says O'Tul.
Johar Tsarnaev listens to the judge with the same impenetrable gaze as the jury. Perhaps the lawyers have already explained to him: if at least one jury refuses to vote for the highest measure, then by law the verdict in the form of a life sentence will be obliged to be issued by Judge O'Tul himself. 
Gilubi in the world
At the entrance to the building of the federal court along the brick wall, meanwhile, a chain of local residents extended against the death penalty for terrorist Tsarnaev stretched. Several people with Vietnam marks on baseball caps from the “Veterans for Peace” organization launched a black banner with the white Picassesky pigeon of the world, carrying an olive branch in its beak.
“I am against the death penalty for Tsanaev, because it is illegal in our state,” says Joe Kabanosov, journalist Pikitchik. Indeed, after Philip Bellino and Edward Hertson, who graduated from an electric chair in May 1947 for the murder of a former Marine, the highest punishment was no longer executed in the state of Massachusetts, and in 1984 it was completely canceled. Joe unfolds a poster on which a black marker on the sheet of Watman is bred: "The death penalty is a murder." He allocated the word "murder" in red.
“I worked in a hospital for mentally ill,” says the veteran. - I think this guy also has problems with his head. He is sick. "
Standing next to Joe nod their heads.
The lawyers of the victims of the explosions wanted to ban such shares near the walls of the court, however, judge O'Tul ordered to leave the picketers alone: the first amendment (the first amendment to the US Constitution prohibits any restrictions on freedom of speech.- NT ) no one canceled. It is forbidden to agitate only inside the Palace of Justice.
“We must understand: what is happening in the Islamic world-the radicalization of very young guys, obsessed with Islamic extremism, is also connected with our war in Iraq and Afghanistan,” says Elis, activist-officer Alice. -This, of course, cannot serve as an excuse for the murder, but still they (Islamists) should cause our compassion. Yes, they are killers, but at the same time they themselves and victims! " - Alice is noticeably excited. Veterans in baseball caps have noisily rustled: the government is bad, war is a curse. However, the fact that Tsarnaev is guilty of organizing a terrorist attack, none of them doubt.
Middle finger
The debate is opened by the prosecution. Nadin Pelligrini, the head of the department of particularly dangerous crimes in the Prosecutor's Office of Massachusetts, silently expects, while in the middle of the hall, the court employees install metal tripods with mysterious black mete screens. Pellogrini, a famous defender of animal rights, loves birds, mastered the veterinary medicine and was going to change the profession eight years ago, devoting herself to the smaller brothers. It did not happen - she remained in the prosecutor's office.
In a quiet voice, Nadin says why she believes that Tsarnaev should be sentenced to death. Black screens turn over-both the hall and jurors see portraits of the dead: 8-year-old Martin Richard, photographed on his last day in St. Patrick's Day, 29-year-old Keml Campbell in a cream evening dress, 23-year-old Luy Linzzi against the background of the interweaving branches of Sakura, 26-year-old police sean collier with yellow rose in Petjacian buttonhole.
“It does not matter who sowed the seeds of terrorism in the soul of Tsarnaev-the older brother, the Internet site or his idol. It is important that these seeds rose, and he deliberately went to kill, ”the prosecutor continues, marking the arguments of the defense, that the young and inexperienced Johar fell under the influence of Tamerlan's older brother. “And now I will show you a picture taken on July 10, 2013 on a court building, before Johar Tsarnaev was charged,” Nadin puts his hand with a movement of his hand with Tsarnaev’s photo: then Johar put up the Middle finger up in an offensive gesture. A close -up, mockery in his gaze - every sitting in the hall could feel that this challenge was challenged by him personally.
“He did not regret, did not repent, did not change. His personality makes the death penalty the only fair punishment, ”Pellogrini concludes his half -hour speech in the ringing silence of the hall. 
And then a survey of the victims began. The first, leaning on the hands of a judicial marshal, Corcoran, who has not yet learned how to walk on prostheses after three operations, enters the hall. On April 15, 2013, she and her husband Kevin and her 18-year-old daughter Sydney came to Boylston Avenue, to the finish of the marathon to support her sister who first went to the race: “The sound was as if the whole world exploded. When I opened my eyes in caustic smoke, there was blood around. The hope flashed that this could not be true. I wanted to go back for five minutes, ”says the witness. - Kevin stroked my hair and said: "These are terrorists, but everything will be Okay." I realized that what had happened-however, closed my face so as not to see anything, ”-the cross-hazel-standing Cross Crossing her face in thin bracelets.
“Then they carried me, and only then I began to scream in pain - before that I was afraid that my daughter would see me and would be frightened. I was fingered, and the cramp was reducing my fingers,-Celeste lifts tensely curved fingers with a pale turquoise varnish on the nails. - When I woke up in the hospital after the operation, I moaned on the next bed with Sidney's pain. And I could not rush to her help - I no longer had both legs, ”she says to the court.
Sidney is not in the hall. An enlarged photo of its legs cut by a deep crimson track of scars is displayed on the screen. These terrible marks of the explosions sorted to the girl’s half -tel.
But the Celests do not want to take root, and she is constantly tormented by stitching pain in the feet, which are actually not for two years, she has post-traumatic depression, wound in the jaw and bursting ear membrane, which is why she all the time asks the prosecutor’s questions.
- Madam Corcoran, will you recognize yourself in this picture? - the prosecutor turns to her, holding out the photo from the scene of the explosion.
“Sorry, I don’t see,” for some reason, Seleses are embarrassed. The lawyer of Tsarnaev Miriam Conrad, a newspaper reporter of the criminal chronicle, is rushing to her, and holds out his glasses. The witness is suitable for the witness, and the Celeste with a yellow marker entrusts himself and the daughter and daughter who spread in the puddles of blood.
Celest Korcoran testified to the first of the victims. The jury will have to listen to the story of human suffering more than once. And then they will have to decide whether they are ready to give Johar Tsarnaev a life who, together with his brother, took her from innocent people.
Figures: Jane Flavell Collins/Ap/Tass
