Newspaper independence

On June 12, in the media -grinder - The New Times traced how the attitude to the declaration of state sovereignty has changed for 25 years

The path turned out to be not only long, but also winding: from the explanation that in the declaration there is not even a hint of an attempt to ruin the alliance, through the feeling of another incomprehensible weekend - to attempts to find more reliable crosses and delights about the accession of Crimea. Year 1990 * "Soviet Russia", Novertilia Vorotnikov, * Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU

The revival and strengthening of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation is a priority prerequisite for updating the republic. You drew attention to how the issue of the agenda is formulated. This is no accident. The sovereignty of Russia - as, by the way, and any other republic - means that it should have all the real rights and opportunities in order to independently dispose of their material and spiritual property in the interests of the peoples inhabiting it. At the same time, the thesis about the consolidation of all resources is also emphasized

The public in the Union. In short, then the updated Russia is seen as a sovereign republic, equal among equals in the Soviet Union.

Number "Soviet Russia" of June 14, 1990,
in which the declaration was published

Moscow News, 27 Mayagalina Starovoitov, People's Deputy of the USSR, member of the interregional deputy group, human rights activist

It seems to me that the union parliament has ceased to meet the real socio-economic processes in society ... And along with this process, the chances of developing events within the framework of constitutional forms are reduced ... In this connection, many people's deputies go into republican parliaments, where everything will now be decided. Six people's deputies of the USSR have already been elected people's deputies of Russia. Some, including me, are running there now ... These days we see how a new union is developing.

"Moscow News", June 3 Babushkin, deputy of the Moscow City Council

The update of the Union Treaty is the requirement of the day ... In the process of upcoming updating, each republic will have to be reduced as if it were called ... as it will be called: federation, confederation or some other forms of allied relations-a separate conversation.

Emil Pain, consultant on national issues of the Center for Independent Expertise of the Soviet-American Foundation "Cultural Initiative"

The European Economic Union and the USSR are really different types of integration. In one case by interests-in the other, if necessary, ... the transition to the market is a painful process, and the more it will be decentralized, the less risk for individual participants to become a victim of unsuccessful decisions in some individual region. Therefore, I think that we will come to the all -Union market through regional, and the new integration of the republics will precede their isolation.

“Moscow News” on June 3, 1990 allocated a U -turn for a discussion about the fate of the USSR “Moscow News”, on June 10 Yeltsin the concept of “strong center” determines the inviolability of vertical connections. I am for a strong union, which is based on the strength of horizontal inter -republican ties ... With the Union Government, we will conclude an agreement on the implementation of the programs in which Russia is ready to participate and is ready to allocate funds for them. Here we say what share is delegated by the Union government.

Kommersant, on June 11, without a signature on June 8, the first congress of people's deputies of the RSFSR discussed the draft declaration of sovereignty. Boris Yeltsin unexpectedly put on the vote of Art. 5 of the declarations decisively asserting the priority of Russian laws over the all -Union. The wording, which actually affirms Russian independence, was approved by 544 voices against 271 in a plot of voting and now should become the basis for the final text of the declaration. <...> As part of the 1988 political reform, the Armed Forces of the RSFSR of the previous convocation left Russia as a deliberately awkward constitution. It was almost impossible to change this brainchild of reform, remaining within the law ... Besides, the USSR Armed Forces are now experiencing the peak of its unpopularity. Both the quality of the procedure and the quality of laws make the idea of ​​Russian sovereignty extremely attractive.

Number of the weekly "Kommersant"
of June 11, 1990

The year 1995 Izvestia, on June 10, there is a lot of disputes on this subject, there are many overexposures. It's time to make clarity. Russia has never opposed the Union. Moreover, the declaration of sovereignty, which is already 5 years old, suggested that we have been, live in the Union. Who doubts can turn to the text of the declaration itself. Another question is that the union could not exist in its former form. Already in 1990, he gave deep cracks, began to break up. It was impossible to look at it indifferently, it was necessary to act. And above all, to force the preparation of a new union agreement. The Union republics literally shouted about this. With great difficulty, finally, it was possible to convince the then leadership of the country that it was necessary to prepare a union agreement, that we must look forward. Only in April 1991 this work went, although a lot of time was lost. If it were not for the August coup, the union agreement would be signed, and the fate of the country could have developed differently.

Kommersant, June 10 Sokolov, journalist

Autocracy is not at all authoritarian power, but only a sovereign power, free from external vassal dependence ... with the exception of completely incorrigible romantics who believe that the deaths of the USSR could be avoided even in 1991, and the poster in the deceased, and the people who related to this historical event more calmly agree in the fact that on June 12, the alliance was a vying date. The proclamation of Russian sovereignty, i.e. The course to create a national state named Russia turned the being of the Soviet Union into nonsense.

Of the 1054 deputies of the congress, more than a thousand voted for the declaration - you can’t refuse a collection of decision. The reasons for such a conciliar craving for autocracy can hardly be reduced to the fact that the second secretaries wanted to become the first, and the Democrats took up the instinct of the destruction of the state and the desire to imitate the Baltic separatists. Rather, we can say that the meeting was owned by the normal national-state instinct ... The drama of the autocratic five-year plan consists in the painful excretion of the illusion that autocracy-sovereignty can be easily and painlessly separated from the general unpleasant tradition of Russian autocracy. The acquisition by the word “autocracy” is only the only acceptable meaning “independence” - a long and difficult matter, a five -year plan is unlikely to be bypassed.

Otto Latsis, on the coming weekend, June 12, Russia will celebrate the state holiday - the day of the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation. This will also be the fourth anniversary of President Boris Yeltsin - according to the American, for example, the constitution, it would be a full time that gives every reason to summarize the results. And on the same weekend, on June 10, six months from the date of the beginning of the offensive of the federal troops in Chechnya ... Two lines of Yeltsin’s policies - to continue reforms and to continue the war - are, in principle, incompatible. The longer the attempt continues to contrary to the requirements of life to combine them, the more in practice the militaristic line prevails over the reformist ... It is unlikely that democrats are now able to change this power in the elections. But they are able to provide themselves with such a position that they are considered to be with them.

The year 2000 “Independent Gazeta”, on June 14, Ivanov, confusion with the name of the holiday arose from the moment of the announcement that such a date in Russia exists. The Independence Day of the Russian Federation immediately found its critics, publicly perplexing how dependent on June 12 the country got rid of, without perceiving the declaration of the sovereignty of Russia with a sufficient reason adopted 10 years ago. In 1997, the holiday changed its name - Boris Yeltsin dubbed it day of Russia. In 2000, the solemn reception in the Kremlin - the only official event arranged by the authorities - was held on the occasion of the round date of adoption of the Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Russian Federation ...

In addition to the promises of the occasion of the occasion to make Russia a “unified and strong power”, although without former romanticism, really realizing how difficult it is to carry out economic reforms, Vladimir Putin, who left the reception almost immediately after his speech, dwell on the meaning of what happened 10 years ago. He noted that then in the Supreme Council, "both revolutionaries, conservatives, dissidents, and those who firmly rooted in the system and who fought with it were sitting." “But the desire to make Russia free and prosperous” united, in Putin, all these people.

The year 2005 “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, June 10, Russia's Day tend to consider 26% of the population to be festive. This is evidenced by the results of a survey conducted by the All -Russian Center for the study of public opinion. Of these, 16% explain this by the fact that on this day Russia has embarked on the development of democracy and a market economy, and 10% believe that Russia has freed up from the need to economically support the former republics of the USSR.

More and more of those who believe that the adoption of a declaration of sovereignty only harmed Russia. Compared to last year, the share of such answers increased by 9 points, reaching 38%. And although the opponents are still much larger (41%), the Russians are increasingly seeing positive features in an event of 15 years ago.

The year 2010 Festive events will be held in many cities. So, in Yekaterinburg, the Ural Philharmonic Orchestra will perform works by Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Dunaevsky and other masters of music. And in Saratov according to plan - races on mountain bicycles and fishing competitions. In the Pskov region, the Day of Russia will be devoted to Alexander Nevsky. In Tuva, a concert with the participation of creative groups from Yakutia, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Buryatia and Mongolia will be arranged in the central square.

The “Independent Gazeta”, on June 11, the number of Russians believed that the declaration of sovereignty has given positive results in recent years, has grown up in recent years, was told on Thursday by the Levada Center sociologists following a study conducted on the eve of Russia Day. According to them, since 2000, the share of Russians almost doubled, who believe that independence has gone to the country for the good - from 28% to 51%, and the share of dissatisfied has been reduced threefold - from 57% to 19%.

The era of the third period of Izvestia, July 10, 2013 , according to deputies, the day of the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR is an insufficiently significant event in the history of the country.

“Such a holiday as the Day of Russia should be associated with the much deeper history of Russia, and not with the events of 20 years ago,” explained Evgeny Fedorov.

So far, the deputies have not been able to agree on which particular date to transfer the day of Russia. During the discussion, at a meeting of the parliamentary club, parliamentarians were divided into two camps. Some believe that this holiday should be celebrated on July 28, on the day of the baptism of Rus'. Others insist that it is fair to transfer it to September 21, the day of the founding of Russian statehood.

"Evening Moscow", June 11, 2014 Serge Mashkin, about independence on this day you can and should be talked about. About the independence of another, internal. On the independence of the centuries of the existing stereotypes, monstrous complexes and the prejudices that have firmly rooted in the minds. And also - about independence and departure from the inertness of thinking and underlying fears before the future. By the way, another stroke. The day of Russia this year will be celebrated for the first time in the Crimea. I emphasize - for the first time in history! After all, when he was established, Crimea was already Ukrainian and remained so for almost twenty -three years.

Over the past twenty -three years, residents tried several times to celebrate it, this day. But their peaceful manifestations dispersed the Ukrainian police, the participants were fined and thrown into the Communist Party and started criminal cases. This year everything will be different. And no one will prohibit singing. Even if you want to sing in full voice.

In the "Tenths" on the first lanes of Russian newspapers
The stylistics of Soviet headlines returned.
"Evening Moscow" of June 11, 2014

“RIA Novosti”, June 12, 2014Vladimir Putin, we must value every stage in the history of the country, understand all difficulties, difficulties, successes on this path. We must honor all generations in our country. This was built by their labor and will, and they have repeatedly proved that any trials had passed with honor. Reunion took place with the Crimea, peacefully, by the will of peoples and in accordance with international law. And, as they say, in the people, in conscience, in fairness and in truth.

The anniversary is coming, new articles will appear, new models of understanding what happened at the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFR 25 years ago. And we do not risk suggesting what the models will be.

Prepared the publication
Dmitry Rebrov

Photo: Russian State Library, Newspaper Fund