Torn sons

Ten years after the massacre in Nalchik: the wounds did not heal, the dead are not buried, the living fights for justice

Ten years ago, on October 13, 2005, the capital of Kabardino-Balkaria covered the riots, behind which were Anzor Astemirov and Shamil Basayev. Early in the morning, several armed groups attacked the buildings of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the PPS regiment, the border guards, the riot police, the three city police department, as well as other objects. It turned out, however, that the attackers were poorly prepared, most of the attacks were immediately repulsed, some attackers captured the hostages, duging for a short while in the Souvenirs store on Lenin Avenue, in the 3rd ATS and in the FSIN building. The last foci of their resistance were suppressed to dinner on October 14.

According to official figures, as a result of clashes, 35 law enforcement officers, 15 civilians and 95 alleged militants died. Most of the attackers were residents of the CBD, a third were the inhabitants of Nalchik. That is why the debate still does not subside, whether the events of 2005 be considered a terrorist act or a reaction to the arbitrariness of the authorities that exerted pressure on Muslims. In the case of the attack, 58 people were arrested, 52 of them received from 4 years 10 months to 23 years in prison, five were sentenced to life imprisonment, at present most of them expect an appeal. The process took place with multiple violations, almost all the accused during the court abandoned the data on the investigation, accusing the investigating authorities of torture, but their arguments were not heard by the court.

The Radio correspondent Freedom met with the relatives of the convicts and the dead, many of whom no longer hope for a fair investigation, but they want one thing: so that they do not forget about that tragedy.

When you go along Lenin Avenue in Nalchik, it seems that it does not end, but rushes upward, behind the TV tower, into the bluish mountains. Indian summer. Soft sunlight flows five -story buildings with a claim to the Stalin Empire, the Imperial Colonnade of the Government House and the monument to Maria Temryukovna, the wife of Ivan the Terrible. “And here we have these, like them, no one loves them,” the taxi driver is trying to remember them. “They have Bastrykin ...” However, the elegant buildings of the central street are only a facade, it is worth driving aside how the village houses are surrounded by high fences - almost all of them stand in line for demolition for many years.

A beautiful screen also seems to be reached by public consent, which the head of the republic Yuri Kokov does not tire of talking about - after the events of 2005, the organization of “Mother of the KBR in the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens” is constantly replenished with new members, new orphaned mothers: young people disappear, die during special operations or even during police interrogations. According to the calculations of the head of the Kabardino-Balkarian public human rights center Valery Khatazhukov, over the past 10 years, about 800 people have died in the republic.

Return the ashes

They are found on Wednesdays in the square next to the prosecutor's office. "Under the Ivushki", as they say. They are going "in protest", and just remember the sons. The elderly and not very women with tired faces, in dark long skirts and in unchanged shawls - a tribute rather to the Kabardian tradition than Islam, you will see hijab here infrequently. Journalists in Nalchik are afraid, but these women have nothing to lose: almost all sons have the sons in the lists of the dead.

One of the mothers, Rita Dzantuev tells the background of the conflict. Back in the 1990s, the local clergy sent young people from the Caucasus to study in Syria and Egypt. “Everyone rejoiced at this, I would dream that my son would leave to study,” says Rita. “There was no work here, nothing, and from there they returned to the joy of their parents: they didn’t drink, did not smoke, no drugs!” One trouble: in the 2000s, the authorities began hunting for the "Wahhabis". “No one understood what it was,” explained Valery Khatazhukov. “The district police officers asked to make lists, they went to the mosque and recorded everyone who came to the prayer.”

One 16-year-old boy was raped three times-either a club, then a stick from a mop

The case was not limited to lists; raids, detention, and conversations with addiction began. “A car with darkened glasses arrived in our north, two guys with a black bag came out of it, brought it to the mosque,” says Marina Khuranova, the mother of the 30 years ago 30-year-old Azamat Baeva. “The Russian grandmothers sat there, they all saw the guys on the prayer, the riot police immediately arrived, they were surrounded, put it all up to the wall in the pose Swallows (facing the wall, arms up, legs shoulder -width apart), searched, planted on cars and taken away. " Marina was asked to sign a search protocol as a witness. “I say:“ What will I sign? ”-“ Well, here we have found it and that. ”Bullets there, all that I need. I said that I am not a lawyer, but I know that during the search, the witnesses come in first and I won’t sign anything. So one in Kabardinsky says:“ This head is fooling, take it away, they have the other. ”But no one signed it themselves.”

All the detainees were then taken to the 6th police department of Nalchik, beaten, holding it until late at night. “When the Azamat was brought home, he could not move,” Marina recalls. “In the morning he and his father went to the prosecutor’s office, they wrote a statement. They said: you can rub these papers.” However, the Azamat was then lucky - released. In the KBR they know: if the son is gone, you need to immediately raise the noise, then there is a chance to return the child alive and without an article. “Such raids were constantly,” says Rita Dzantuev. “Beaten, forced to drink vodka, cut the crosses on their heads. One 16-year-old boy was raped three times-then a club, then a stick from a mop. Of course, some were ready for everything. If I were a guy, I could also go.”

He suggested committing something that can "wake up a sleeping beauty"

“The pressure on the“ praying ”Muslims became unprecedentedly cruel. Their mosques were closed, so the parishioners had the opportunity to gather for collective prayers only in their apartments. However, any gatherings seemed suspicious to law enforcement and could be declared extremist,” the book “Purode Ilya Falcovsky, which is prohibited in Russia, writes in the book prohibited in Russia. "As a result, in 2004 there was an attack on the building of the State Directorate of the State Directory of Nalchik, as a result of which the duty officers of the four people were shot and more than 250 units of weapons were stolen. According to the investigation, an Ingushetia resident Ilyas Gorchkhanov, looking for an explosion in Vladikavkaz, an attack on the law enforcement agencies of Ingushetia in the summer of 2004 and an attempt on the president of the republic Ingushetia, came to Kabardino-Balkaria and suggested [Anzor] to Astemirov to do something that could "wake the sleeping beauty," that is, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. "

When we went to identification, everyone had a control shot in the head. We are not even sure that they died in a shootout!

As the participants in the attack later showed at the process, most of them did not know about the impending one. In each group there was only one person who knew the general plan, the rest were called under various pretexts: who is “for a rally”, and who just “help the brothers”. When they arrived, they gave them out a weapon: someone took and rushed to the attack, someone threw and hid. Most likely, the Azamat did not know about the uprising, he generally planned to marry and on October 13 was to go with his parents to "wear the bride." "We have a custom: we go to the bazaar, decorate it from head to toe." Marina agreed to meet her son in the market at 9 am, phoned him at 8.30, he confirmed the meeting. Not having time to leave the house, Marina heard shooting, again called her son: "She took the daughter -in -law. She says he went out into the yard, went to call him from the balcony, and he was no longer. We did not see him alive."

Azamat, however, was killed not on the 13th, but a month later. He was at home at Eduard Mironov, who later received a life sentence. The operation was led by Khachi Shogenov himself, at that time the head of the KBR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Eduard’s wife began to be beaten right in front of the windows of her house, in front of the eyes of the children. “They knocked their heads with a glass, put a gun to the head, began to strangle,” says Edward Maryam Akhmatova. “He came out.” Azamat remained inside, and he was literally riddled from machine guns. “They gave me a conclusion, there was no place for a living place on it: a brush, fingers, everything was shot,” Marina complains. “It seems that several people stood and shot at point -blank.” “And they burned the house later,” adds to Maryam. “There was no one there, but Shogenov said:“ The creatures lived here. ”

A similar story is told by Raisa Kereshev, who lost both sons on October 13. The senior, 25-year-old Rustam, in addition to the main service in the Ministry of Emergencies, worked as a watchman, returned from the night shift, did not wake his wife and children, friends called him into the yard ... 20-year-old Anzor went to study at the agrarian university and also died. “When we went to identification, everyone had a control shot,” says Raisa. “We are not even sure that they died in a shootout!”

Perhaps, in order to avoid unnecessary examinations, in June 2006, investigator Alexei Savrulin ordered to cremate the bodies and buried dust. Already in 2007, the Nalchik City Court recognized this decision illegal, but the investigator was not held accountable and did not give out to relatives.

A cartridge was attached to the letter that Larisa Dorogov’s lawyer

"We have not known where our boys lie for 10 years!" - exclaims Rita Dzantuev. With the help of human rights activist and lawyer Larisa Rudova, relatives of the victims appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, who partially satisfied the claims in January 2014, recognizing that Russia violated the right to respect private and family life. But the ECHR of Russia is not a decree: they did not receive information about the children of the mother of the CBD. “I can’t do anything, but I will die, I will not forget this and I will curse them,” Rita mints. However, the claims in the ECHR were not left without a trace: today, the corpses of those who die as a result of special operations are given to relatives. The activities of Lawyer Dravova did not go unnoticed. “They began to put pressure on me, they followed me, threatened,” she said in an interview with Radio Liberty. “In 2008, they detained my 19-year-old son, drove him around the city, asked about my work. I had to send him abroad.” In the same 2008, Larisa received a letter with threats and ... a cartridge. In early 2015, she decided to stop human rights activities.

And ten years lasts a day

Hafisate Begidova

“I do not believe that you will publish this, but I’ll say everything, I’m not afraid of anything,” says Khafisat Begidova, clutching a large black bag of leatherette to his chest, sits on a bench in the park, straightens a lilac scar. “They destroyed my whole family.” Hafisat had three sons: Timur, Arthur and Albert. Timur and Arthur leased a garden at the former Nalchik state farm - several hectares of launched land - and created a completely successful company "Gardens of the Caucasus", traded apples and pears throughout Russia. In 2005, the younger Albert worked in a mobile kiosk. All three went to the mosque, but not one was seen in some radical glances. In August 2005, the 27-year-old Arthur and 23-year-old Albert married one day, Albert will soon have a son, but the young father will not see him soon.

Albert Begidov

“He left for another 12th, called in the evening and said that he would spend the night in Nalchik with my sister. We have a transport work until 9 pm, and it is difficult to get to our village Kenzhe,” Hafisat explains. Albert, who was accused of attacking the Federal Penitentiary Service, will later say in court that he ended up in the city due to circumstances beyond his control and would do everything so that this would not happen. He managed to do a little: he just got out of the car, immediately fell under a hail of an automatic line, which fell into his shoulder right through, in his lip along the tangent and in his finger. Albert was picked up and taken to the hospital, but from there they took everything to the same 6th department right from under the dropper. “The doctors did not want to give, they said that he was postoperative,” says Hafisate. “But they shut them up and took them away, threw them naked on the floor in the car and began to beat them.”

He was beaten again, the wound on his shoulder was picking the gun of the machine gun, beaten on the face so that the seams on the lip were dispersed

They beat the police in the police department, the seams parted at Albert, he began to lose blood. “He was taken to a pre -trial detention center, a familiar doctor worked there, he wanted to help, but they said, Albert had to die. This doctor later told me how he put the seams when candles, but Albert did not come into consciousness. He managed to take him to a stove (the republican hospital of the UFSIN in the village of Kamenka. - RS) . Albert was leaving for a month, then he returned to the SIZO. They beat, the wound on the shoulder was picking a gunpower, beat on the face so that the seams on the lip spread. - says Hafisate. - We beat every day, kneaded. This lasted three or four years. "

Arthur Begidov

According to the testimony of his middle son, Hafisat Arthur, in the morning he went to the garden, but on the way he called a friend and asked him to come to Nalchik, to help on "showdowns with some people." Arthur went, he was brought to a private house, where about 15 people gathered, weaponed weapons. Arthur tried to refuse, but the senior group threatened that he would kill him and deal with his whole family if he desertes. The group headed for the border unit, but on the way the Gazelle managed by Arthur specially drove onto the lawn, the car stuck, the attackers with a curse moved to another car, and Arthur left his machine gun at Gazelle: he was not going to shoot. After the shootout at the border, they decided to run, fell into another skirmish and eventually left the city.

The authorities of the KBR through the media called on everyone who participated in the attack, to surrender, promising a fair trial. Arthur was hiding for three months, and in early January returned home. “We decided to surrender it,” says Hafisat. “We knew what was happening there, but we still believed the police.” Arthur, together with his father and older brother Timur, went to write a confession, after taking Arthur on the video - they recorded that he had no bruises on his body. This saved him from beatings, but did not save him from the term: “We were told, don’t worry, we’ll hold it for a couple of days, we’ll figure it out and release it,” Hafisat sighs. “These two days are still stretching.” Arthur was awarded to 15 years in prison, his brother Albert was given 12.

Timur Begidov

The eldest son remained, Timur, who did not take part in the attack, sat at home and guilty before the authorities only that he made prayer. On October 2, 2009, Timur with two partners went to Ufa with a load of apples and pears. The last time was in touch on the 4th. “He called and said:“ Mom, they guard us. ”“ How does it guard, who? ” - I ask.“ The police, ”he says,“ is going for us, from Nalchik. Two or three cars. We stop - they stop, we go - they go. "I told him to quit everything - a car, documents, quietly cross the road and go back. But he replied:" Mom, are you afraid of all, but what will they do? I'm going with fruits. Don't worry. They probably will go to Ufa for us, let them look at the whole car, unload, they will not find anything and lag behind. "It was our last conversation. The 6th, his friends came to us: they found an empty car near the Ufa."

The searches of the son did not give results, besides, law enforcement agencies did not show activity: “They sent me in Nalchik: they say, he was gone in Ufa, and look for him in Ufa. And in Ufa they said that this is guilty,” Hafisat spreads his hands. “I wrote to Putin and Medvedev and Chaika. It is useless.” According to Hafisat, she is most afraid for her sons when they leave prison: "There they tell them:" We will not leave you alive. "And what should we do?"

Shpagat on a swallow

Fatima and Khaauzhan Pshibiev

The Brothers Begidov’s wives got married again, but Fatima, the wife of Batyr Pshibiev, lives with her mother -in -law and two children in her husband’s house in the village of Nartan. Nartan is a long village that stretched along the banks of the Nalchik River. Almost all the houses here are stone, as well as everywhere in Kabardino-Balkaria: local residents will get bogged down in loans, but the house will be built for centuries. Inside the Pshibiev, the situation is poor: a kitchen sheathed with veneers, a long corridor with windows in the courtyard on one side and bedrooms on the other, on the contrary, a structure with pantries and sheds, geese and chickens are swarmed in the backyard in the autumn mud. Batyr’s mother Hauzhan shows the ceiling decorated with stucco molding in one of the bedrooms: "This is all a batyr. He did repairs, there were golden hands."

They knocked out the feet of the foot so that he could not stand, now his feet are shifted. And the shoulders knocked out with butt so that it was hard to hold their hands up

The athlete, a wonderful rider (in 2001, Batyr was casting to shoot Saladin), left for three months in Syria - he worked as a stuntman. Many participants in the masses made namaz, the batyr looked closely at them, and upon returning home he also began to visit the mosque. At the trial, Batyr said that he also did not know about the armed attack: his friends called him to the rally about the mosque closed shortly before that. “He graduated from the shirt on the 12th,” recalls Fatima. “He brought money and building materials, was going to start repairs in the kitchen on the 13th.” Instead of a rally, Batyr was brought to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they were given a weapon, but when the shooting began, he hid behind the fence, and then fled to his grandmother in the village of Pisen, which was an hour drive from Nalchik. “He wanted to give up as soon as everything subsides,” says Fatima. “But he did not have time, they came for him.”

Батыр Пшибиев

По словам Фатимы, избивать Батыра начали уже в машине. Остановились по пути и предложили бежать в поле, однако Батыр почувствовал неладное и остался стоять на месте, его избили прямо на улице: "Ногами били, прикладами", – говорит Фатима. Били и в 6-м отделе, Батыр терял сознание, его обливали холодной водой и били снова. В 6-м отделе и в здании РУБОП, куда Батыра возили на допросы, его пытали электричеством, присоединяя клеммы к ушам и гениталиям, запихивали под ногти соединенные с электрическими проводами иголки.

Заключение медиков скорой помощи, вызванных во время допроса Батыра Пшибиева. 21 октября 2005 года

"Он же спортсмен, – рассказывает друг семьи Хасан Мафедзов. – Его ставили на ласточку в РУБОПе, а он однажды сел на шпагат у стены и уснул. Так они выбили ему прикладами стопы, чтобы он стоять не мог, теперь у него стопы смещены. И плечи выбили прикладами, чтобы руки вверх было держать тяжело". Хасан – юрист, он достает папку с документами – протоколы допросов, медицинские экспертизы. "Вот, посмотрите, задержали его 21 октября, а в СИЗО приняли только 22-го. Где он провел ночь и что с ним делали? А вот медицинское освидетельствование при приеме в СИЗО – 2450 кв. см тела в кровоподтеках, это почти треть!"

По словам Хасана, назначенный адвокат Кучмазоков, который подписывал протоколы допросов, не только не препятствовал пыткам, но и сам принимал в них участие. А когда родственники подписали соглашение с адвокатом Ириной Комиссаровой, ее быстро отстранили от дела – та же участь постигла и других адвокатов, неугодных следствию.

Батыр Пшибиев

От своих показаний Батыр отказался на суде, так же поступили и оговорившие его "сообщники", изначально заявлявшие, что видели Батыра с оружием в руках. Но это не помогло, Батыра Пшибиева приговорили к 17 годам лишения свободы. "Вы мне одно скажите, – восклицает с кавказским акцентом Хаужан. – Как мне его лечить? У него от избиений постоянно болит голова и в ухе гудит. Я говорила с неврологом и ему отправила врача в тюрьму. Врач прописал таблетки, но они не помогают! А врач говорит, невозможно на глаз определить, томография нужна. Мы просим начальника отвезти его на томографию, а нам отказывают. Только, говорят, когда совсем умирать будет, тогда отпустим".

В атаку без ребер

Мурат Карданов с женой. Архивное фото из местной газеты

Болезни обычно не интересуют руководство ФСИН и суды, это узнали на себе и родственники Мурата Карданова, в прошлом красавца, танцора, в 2005 году – глубоко больного человека с кавернозным туберкулезом, только что перенесшего очередную операцию. Его мать, сестра и брат живут в селе Залукокоаже на границе КБР и Ставропольского края. Название в переводе с кабардинского означает "селение ивовой долины", ивы здесь и вправду растут вдоль раскуроченных улиц, по которым на лошади ездить гораздо сподручнее, чем на автомобиле. Последний дом, за которым начинаются покрытые желтой травой унылые поля, во дворе домашняя птица, внутри – тесно и бедно.

Мурат Карданов в армии

Мать Мурата Лидия рассказывает, что после последней операции врачи сказали сыну, что он родился в рубашке, повезло, что выжил. "Он тогда пошел в мечеть и решил в благодарность посвятить себя Аллаху" – и тут же попал на учет к участковому. По словам матери, 12 октября Мурат поехал в Нальчик, чтобы пройти ежегодное обследование для подтверждения инвалидности, но не нашел врача и решил остаться на ночь у друзей. На следующий день спокойно вернулся, а вечером в доме раздался звонок: "Выразили соболезнования, сказали, что он убит в перестрелке, – говорит сестра Мурата Ляна. – А он дома сидит". – "Я тогда поняла, что они говорят много неправды, – добавляет Лидия. – Говорят, что он убит, а он живой. Говорят, что он стрелял, а он еле ходил, одышка была, у него удалили шесть ребер и одно легкое, какая стрельба?" Для опознания тела Мурата у Лидии Кардановой дважды брали кровь, генетическая экспертиза показала, что некий убитый человек на 99,9 процента является ее сыном. То тело кремировали вместе с остальными, а Мурат три года успешно скрывался дома. В 2009 году, когда его все же пришли арестовать, он уже почти не вставал с постели. "Дом окружили, попросили вывести детей. Я их приглашала пройти внутрь, сказала, что сын не встает, они отказались, – рассказывает Лидия. – Мы помогли ему одеться, и они его увезли".

А потом в интернете появился ролик, где эти звери танцуют с головой моего сына, а другие хохочут и кричат

По версии следствия, Мурат вместе с другими боевиками, получив накануне гранатомет РПГ-26 и пистолет Макарова, принял участие в нападении на здание МВД. Он якобы стрелял из "жигулей", не выходя из машины, но только вот шестеро мужчин, которые находились вместе с ним, были убиты, а больному Мурату как-то удалось выбраться и уйти от погони.

После ареста Мурат провел несколько месяцев в СИЗО, вины не признавал, пока болезнь не заставила руководство изолятора перевести его в тюремную больницу, где он и скончался в 2010 году, не дожив до суда. "Пожалуйста, как бы не оклеветать его, – жалобно просит Лидия. – Он был хороший человек. Мы им гордимся. И дети его им гордятся. Они сироты, мама у них тоже умерла. Не пишите про него плохое".

Split

Альберт Шибзухов

Гибнут в КБР не только предполагаемые террористы. В списке погибших сотрудников республиканского МВД 82 фамилии, но это неполная цифра, ведь среди жертв есть и сотрудники других ведомств. Значится здесь и Альберт Шибзухов, 27-летний капитан юстиции, похищенный в 2009 году вместе с другом, 26-летним дознавателем Федеральной службы судебных приставов Муратом Докшукиным. Отец Альберта Суфадим, представительный подполковник юстиции в отставке, рассказывает, что его сын вовсе не имел отношения к борьбе с экстремизмом, более того, находился на больничном после автокатастрофы: "Мы его буквально по косточкам собирали, он перенес пять операций и накануне убийства только вернулся из Москвы, – говорит Суфадим. – Мы сидели дома, он вышел погулять и пропал". Через два дня в городе Чегем милиция обнаружила принадлежащий Мурату "мерседес", в багажнике которого лежали обезглавленные тела мужчин. "А потом в интернете появился ролик, где эти звери танцуют с головой моего сына, а другие хохочут и кричат", – зло говорит Суфадим. Через полгода нашли и голову Альберта, пришлось устраивать похороны повторно. Мурат же до сих пор лежит без головы.

Суфадим не согласен с ходом следствия, считая, что, хотя исполнители ликвидированы, заказчики до сих пор на свободе. "Я веду параллельное расследование, – говорит он. – Следствию удобно все спихнуть на лес, но я знаю, кто стоит за этим убийством. Я писал тогда еще президенту Медведеву, но пока результата нет".

Суфадим Шибзухов

Самое печальное, что преступления эти совершают не пришлые террористы, а свои: среди убийц Альберта – ребята из его школы. Все они были уничтожены во время спецопераций. "Если мы сталкиваемся с их родителями на улице, стараемся не смотреть друг на друга, – говорит Суфадим. – Мне с ними разговаривать не о чем. Это был мой единственный ребенок. Он хотел служить родине. А как они своих детей воспитали – это к ним вопрос". Не хочет Суфадим общаться и с "Матерями КБР": "Их послушать, так никто ни в чем не виноват, а их дети говорили, что хотят построить светлое будущее в виде средневекового государства имарат".

Если спросить Суфадима про пытки в отделениях полиции, он не будет отрицать, что в органах могут "работать мерзавцы, нарушающие закон", но не согласен, когда полицию огульно винят во всех грехах. А вот с террористами, считает подполковник, нужно бороться безо всякой жалости. "Они исламом прикрывают грязные делишки. Облагают данью лавчонки, торгующие алкоголем: не заплатишь – сожгут магазин или убьют. Это бандиты. С ними мы никогда не будем встречаться, ни здесь, ни на небесах".

"Я желаю им жить вечно, – твердила одна из матерей КБР под ивушками. – Жить вечно, чтобы оказаться на нашем месте и так же вечно страдать…" Суфадим Шибзухов не будет жить вечно, но горя он и его жена увидели не меньше. 13 октября 2015 года его сын получит посмертно медаль за отвагу, прах других сыновей КБР, скорее всего, так и останется в "неизвестном месте", и пока взаимное согласие в республике будет оставаться лишь в официальных речах, эта необъявленная война будет уносить новые и новые молодые жизни.