Architect Ilya Golosov and his constructivism

The Soviet architect Ilya Aleksandrovich Golosov left us, Muscovites, several remarkable buildings mentioned in all guides and works on the history of Soviet architecture. The most famous are two of them: this is the so -called house with figures (the corner of the Podkolokolny Lane and Yauz Boulevard) and the club named after Zueva (Lesnaya Street, 18).

Ilya Alexandrovich Golosov was born on July 31, 1883 in Moscow in the priest's family. In 1898, Ilya Golosov and his elder brother Panteleimon (born in 1882) entered the Moscow Stroganov Art and Industrial School with the hope of becoming architects in the future. They succeeded. The youngest of the brothers, Ilya Golosov is better known; We will briefly talk about him.

After the full course of Stroganovka, Ilya Golosov entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, which he graduated in 1912 with the title of architect. He was active and diligent by the student, he worked - as was then accepted - an assistant among famous masters, in particular with Shchusev and Grabar; He was engaged in the measurements of architectural monuments and prepared materials for the “History of Russian Architecture” and the magazine “Old Years”.

The war of 1914 Ilya Golosov met the prevailing professional. He was drafted into the army, where he was engaged in the construction of structures for the rear units. In 1918, Votov entered the architectural workshop of the Moscow City Council, which was at that time was led by Ivan Zholtovsky, the famous Nono-Lassik architect, a master of large scale. Under his influence, Ilya Golosov became interested in the issues of forming in architecture - he was looking for new forms that would intelligence of the achievements of the classics.

Meanwhile, constructivism became the main direction in Soviet architecture. Essentially, it was functionalism with an emphasis on compliance with the ideas of a new lifestyle: the country needed buildings with a new purpose-a factory-kitchen, working clubs, “communum houses”, and cultural palaces.

Recall that by about the mid-1930s, Soviet architects still had the opportunity to travel abroad and personal contacts with the masters of the West. Le Corbusier himself, as you know, not only came to us, but also built the famous Central Union Building on 39 Myasnitskaya, thereby for the time being, Soviet architects actually lived in the pan -European cultural and architectural space, where, for example, the Villa of Savoy Le Corbusier (1928), the famous Bauhauz building to Dessaus, 1925). Therefore, admiring, for example, the building of the club named after Zueva - and this, in my opinion, is the actual luck of Ilya Golosov - we should not look for direct influences here: this is a monument of the era.

In the club building named after Zueva is embodied by the favorite motive of the hero of our story, the cylinder - as the main emphasis of the composition with the balance of the masses in which the cylinder is inscribed. Votes created many projects in which the composition is based on the game of large volumes. The architect’s productivity was amazing: he participated in most important architectural competitions of that time, and, as a rule, his projects occupied first places. The realized, of course, turned out to be few of them, but the influence of Ilya Golosov’s architectural thinking on contemporaries is undeniable - especially since he was more practical than radical.

The project of the Rusgergorg building (1926) is indicative - it could be implemented today. And there are a lot of projects of this level and the similar subtlety of the study in Golosov. At the same time, the architect happily escaped the “extremes” of constructivism, and by the mid-1930s he said goodbye to constructivism.

An example of this is a building known to Muscovites as a “house with figures”, although the figures themselves (that is, sculptures standing at the compositional center of the building - a huge arch for entering the courtyard) in the memory of Muscovites remain some conditional signs, because, who are depicted there, remembers.

He taught votes all his life at the marchs; Unfortunately, I could not find the reviews of his students. Ilya Golosov died in 1945.