At least the wool is a handle

In April, the government will consider a whole package of bills designed to simplify the life of entrepreneurs - it was announced at a meeting of the government with the participation of President Putin on March 30. What to expect from the authorities, which fell into a hopeless situation, and what a business can get from a government that cannot and does not want to change anything on the merits - appreciated by The New Times

The main discussion in the government, which is practically not visible outside, is now unfolding, like ten years ago, around the ideas of man, inside the power vertical having a sustainable reputation of the “main wise guy of the Russian Federation”, the head of Sberbank German Gref. In 2015, it was he who, after many public speaking, which invariably caused applause among users of social networks (although someone will say that these escapades looked like a well-rehearsed hysteria in public), was able to infect the government with a craving for new managerial knowledge and technologies. "It's very cool, we are all together again and we are studying again!" - In February 2016, a large federal official about the project of Sberbank seminars for the executive branch on the basis of the Sberbank Corporate University spoke with enthusiasm. Many weekends now hold large government officials at training sessions at the educational base of Sberbank in the Near Moscow Region.

At the same time, along with the despair demoralizing the government, in the second half of 2015, the number of management consultants, again called up to the corridors of the White House to develop all kinds of programs. The main answer to the question that the Strategy Partners Group, BCG (Boston Consulting Group), the Forum Analytical Center (this brainchild patronized by Alexander Voloshin was almost demoralized after the natural destruction of the project of the International Financial Center in Moscow, but now again again, was again demo, but now again again again. It works), the analytical center under the government, which is now gaining personnel - so they are all, first of all, burdened with the task of what to do with the bureaucratic apparatus, which successfully inhibits all the well -wishes of Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Medvedev, Igor Shuvalov and their colleagues. It is not even a question of overcoming a phenomenon called “red tape” in the USSR, and in the Russian Federation called “non -fulfillment on the time of the presidential instructions and the prime minister”. Rather, the task set before the consultants is to come up with a scheme in which the tasks will be solved, in essence, not for years, but at least for months - or in time to be declared unsolvable.

According to the covenants of Crozier

One of the classics of the theory of bureaucracy, the French scientist Michelle Crozier, describes how the executive branch drives itself in a corner in his famous book. One of the elements of this action that is extremely profitable for the bureaucracy: the endless creation of parallel structures that are designed to solve the problems that those who sit in the offices opposite are unable to solve - this process is determined by the budgetary and almost endless and, as a rule, with a previously known result.

In the Russian field, the last idea is the so -called “project office” within the government, for the creation of which, upon completion of the mission in the structures of the Eurasian Economic Commission, Andrei Slepnev, a former deputy minister of economic development, was transferred to the White House. This work is underway in closed mode, with the word “project office”, government officials are still making a terrible face, and then they admit: they do not understand what Slepnev actually does. It is only known that what he prepares is the introduction of the so -called “project ideology” into the work of the government. There is some set of problems that in the White House are trying to solve in the standard way for years. Such, for example, is the development of a general solution on the problems of single -industry towns, but in fact there are dozens of them. The idea of ​​a “project office” is to change the standard technology and solve the problem as a business task-with the performance schedules, a special control system based on dynamic indicators, etc.

The main answer to the question that Strathegy Partners Group, BCG, expert council under the Government, the Analytical Center for the Forum, the Analytical Center for the Government, etc., are designed to do with a bureaucratic apparatus that successfully inhibits all the well -wishes

The “project office” itself is an idea more mediocre than a breakthrough one. At least the Closed Government Presentation of the Strategy Partners Group, written in February 2016 on this topic, refers to managerial finds of 10-15 years ago-the Pemandu Malaysian state structure, the Chilean DCI & PDU and the British government project Delivery Unit. Obviously, in separation from the Malaysian, Chilean and British circumstances, they do not work. So, the principles of the work of Pemandu, which in the Russian government in March 2016 were discussed especially hot, are unlikely to apply real federalism without the Malaysian experience, and Chilean experience without a working parliament. And the very idea of ​​a “project office” as a pure borrowing of business technology into public power is doubtful as all such borrowing: the government cannot work according to a private company.

Nevertheless, the influx of fresh managerial ideas in the White House, regardless of the result, will have some positive significance for the business: not “carriers of administrative weight” can come to the fore in communicating with entrepreneurs, but people who know at least the basics of the language in which they speak the business. In 2007 and 2010, this, in any case, worked.

Rounding of sheep and goats

Much more practical benefits for entrepreneurial circles can be brought to what is called the “reform of control and supervision activity” (North Kands) inside the government. For medium and small businesses, the visits of officials of Rospotrebnadzor, the Ministry of Emergencies, Rostekhnadzor, Rostrud and four dozen departments - even a very mythologized, but still threat. Meanwhile, the Chinese reform developed for many years in March 2016 unexpectedly received a chance for quick implementation - and this is no longer pointless.

For a long time, the reform, for which the Ministry of Economy was responsible, was inhibited by a very simple and at the same time almost hopeless discussion - what is state control and what is state supervision, and because of this - what should the reform regulate? From the point of view, for example, the RSPP, the answer to this question was unimportant, as it can be called, if only hundreds of thousands of man-hours a year and billions of dollars a year in the economy were not spent on discussion with fire inspectors of the necessary shape of the shoulder form for sand hanging at a fire stand. Of course, we are talking about the closure of “windows” for grassroots corruption, but rather the business was not even interested in this, but a huge amount of temporary resources necessary to satisfy the requirements of the supervisory and controlled bodies, the unpredictability of their requirements and the constant divert of forces for these affairs.

In 2015, after many months, a sluggish discussion from the Ministry of Economic Development about whether or not to write a framework law on control and supervision in the Russian Federation finally found an ally. He became the Minister for Open Government Mikhail Abyzov, whom the head of government made a co-executor along with the Ministry of Economic Development of the "road map" on control and supervision activities, and by April 1 indicated this "map" to enter the government.

For medium and small businesses, the visits of officials of Rospotrebnadzor, the Ministry of Emergencies, Rostekhnadzor, Rostrud and four dozen departments are a threat. Meanwhile, the reform of control and supervision activity that has been developed for many years unexpectedly received a chance for quick implementation

Almost in the final version of the "road map" is promised quite a lot and quite quickly. Until 2017, state bodies of control and supervision should create a system from the North of China (his deputy minister of economic development Oleg Fomichev promised to introduce to the State Duma no later than the beginning of June) and regulatory acts, in which most of the “state control of compliance” is replaced by “risk-oriented control and supervision”. In practice, this should look like this. All legal entities and individuals checked by state bodies should be divided into hazard groups depending on what potential risks for consumers or the state can carry their activities. The frequency of planned and unscheduled inspections of compliance with a business of a particular norm will have to depend on what kind of risk can generate the business: so, the Ministry of Emergencies in this situation will have to abandon the open -air cinemas fire checks, because there is almost nothing to burn there, but the gas stations should be checked once a year. At the same time, all types, methods and forms of state control should be described, a closed list of regulatory acts that a specific business (now lists, do not be surprised, are not in any department of the Russian Federation), and “atypical” and “innovative” checks will be declared illegal. Finally, at the first violation, the inspectors will only be required to release by most types of retreat from the warning norms - but not to write out a fine.

It is this reform, with all its limitations, due to the coincidence of circumstances - its design was prepared for a long time and is the result of a multi -month bargain with business, it is quite modern, it corresponds to the presentation of the authorities about “safe reform” - can suddenly work. In this case, some reduction in the administrative burden on the business will be an unexpected reality already in 2017 - to adapt to it and again begin to complicate the rules of the game instantly the bureaucratic apparatus. However, someone will say that German Gref hid the fight against improving the business climate in the country on the facade of his center of strategic reforms in the fall of 1999, and Professor Alexander Auzan calculated the price of various Children's Affairs for the economy for the program of the first presidential term of Putin. And now 16 years have passed ...

Someone loses, someone finds

We will note right away: the reform of the control and supervision activities will not affect the Federal Tax Service and the Federal Customs Service-this was the case 16 years ago, when the security forces were brought out of the licensing law designed to reduce the number of barriers at the entrance, the result, as they say, are evident. However, in these departments, another reform may finally be implemented - the association of the information bases of all auditing departments. In general, the Russian authorities experience at least respect, and in practice, awe in practice in relation to the ideas of “electronic government”, “digital power”, etc. First of all, because we are talking about an incorruptible iron machine (and the moral qualities of any person in the corridors of the authorities usually think adequately adequately to their environment). In the second - because the digitalization of power gives, at least, the illusion of greater transparency of the business, which the authorities traditionally do not trust. In the third place, the cheapness of electronic technologies now allows you to compensate for the management weakness of the state apparatus. Finally, the "electronic government" is almost a frontier of reforms of public administration around the world. In certain countries, the EU has already gone a little further, but for Russia all these scanners, electronic document management and certifying centers are progress.

There are also good news. The budget situation is already forcing the Kremlin and the White House to seriously consider the privatization of not only small packages of Rosneft and VTB, but also a decent volume of state real estate. And during the week of Russian business, at the Congress of the RSPP on March 24, Vladimir Putin even suddenly spoke about the possibility of reducing taxes: we recall that the consensus had previously believed that taxes would remain at the current level until 2018, and then will inevitably be increased.

However, all these stories will not help the main problem in any way. Even the successful implementation of all the deregulation plans of the White House will not help to return the entrepreneurial corps of the optimistic look to the future, which was back in 2010-2012. Technically, the main problem of the economic situation is described as a decline in investment. At the level of management decisions in companies, these are decisions that are described by one phrase: “We must wait with a new project, although we can start it - now it’s simply not time.” No matter how much risks are removed from the business, no matter how low loan and inflation rate are, no matter how rationally a tax inspector behaves, all this will not replace the enthusiasm with which the entrepreneur decides to change something in his business: to rebuild the office, to change the business partner, to get into a new project, to destroy something and build a new one in his place.

To do this, the businessman must see that he was not the only one started these changes and for the very thought of “destroying”, at least for the new construction, the ceiling will not collapse on him.

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