Translated material
Memory. Sergey Shakhrai
On April 30, 1956, Sergey Shakhrai, Vice -Rector of Moscow State University, co -author of the Russian Constitution was born.
Personal business
Sergei Mikhailovich Shakhrai (60 years) was born in Simferopol in a family of hereditary Terek Cossacks. His father was a military pilot, his mother served as a radio operator in aviation for some time. In 1962, his father, having survived the accident, was reduced from the army, and his wife and children returned to his homeland, to the village of Soldatsky (now Kabardino-Balkaria). Having learned the agronomist, for 25 years he led the collective farm "Testaments of Lenin".
In 1973, Sergei Shakhrai graduated from the school with a gold medal, at the insistence of his father, instead of the flight school, he entered the legal faculty of Rostov University. He said: “I was offered to study after the first year in graduate school by an external, that is, not five years, but four ... But I have already tasted the student life in Rostov-on-Don, where the most beautiful girls, women and generally an interesting life, decided that it is impossible to reduce student life for a year.”
Having studied, he wrote the thesis “Comparative analysis of the three federations” - the USSR, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, which was noticed at Moscow State University. Shakhrai continued to study in graduate school at the Department of State Law of a Jurine of Moscow State University.
Protecting in 1982, he remained at the department as a teacher. In 1987, he created and headed the Laboratory of Legal Informatics and Cybernetics of Moscow State University, led it until 1990.
The laboratory arose from the hobby of Shahrai by using computer tools in jurisprudence. At first, I even thought to make money on this by creating a database with laws and professional comments on them, but the idea was not implemented.
In 1989, he participated in the creation of the first voting system in the Supreme Council of the USSR. I recalled: “The Mathematics programmer and I sat: from the point of view, is the norm of regulations correct, what voting, what calculation, whether the correct regulations are in the electronic system.”
In January 1990, he won one of the first primaries in the USSR: he was nominated as a candidate for people's deputies of the RSFSR from the defense enterprises "Compoms" and "Strela" in the Queen near Moscow.
Having won the elections, he participated in the creation of the deputy group “Shift”, also until 1991 he was in the group “Communists of Russia”, later joined the new group “Communists for Democracy”.
At the first congress of people's deputies in May-June 1990, he was elected chairman of the Committee on Legislation, advised the chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin on legal issues.
In July 1991, the elected president of the RSFSR Yeltsin appointed Shakhiya State Council on legal issues.
On December 7-8, 1991, Shakhrai, along with Gennady Burbulis, Andrei Kozyrev and Yegor Gaidar, was part of the Russian working group that developed Belovezhsky agreements on the abolition of the USSR and the formation of the CIS.
Soon, Yeltsin appointed him to the Deputy Prime Minister of the government, who oversees the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Agency and the State Committee for Interethnic Relations, then Shakhrai created and headed the Presidential State Law.
In 1991-1992 he participated in negotiations with Ukraine and Baltic states, during which the status of Russian troops in the territories of these countries was enshrined.
In April 1992, in collaboration with Sergey Alekseev, he published a draft Constitution of Russia, which significantly expands the powers of the president.
Due to the aggravation of interethnic relations in North Ossetia and Ingushetia in November 1992, he was appointed head of the State Committee forces, also entered the Russian Security Council.
In May 1993, he participated in the work of the constitutional meeting, which united his draft constitution and the project of Oleg Rumyantsev. The combined version was adopted in a referendum in December 1993.
In September 1993, by order of Yeltsin, he headed the working group on the legal support of the decree on the dissolution of the parliament. At the same time, on October 4, 1993, he later called the shooting of the White House "episode of the civil war, from which there is no legal exit."
In October 1993, he held the Constituent Congress of the Party of Russian Unity and Consent (Pres), was elected its chairman. According to the results of the parliamentary elections, the party received 6.7% of votes - 18 seats in the State Duma according to the federal list. Shakhiy headed the Po Fraction in the Duma, later the party entered the Prochrevskoye movement “Our House - Russia”.
In 1994, he was again appointed Deputy Prime Minister, who oversees the Ministry of Nationalities, as well as the Ministry of Justice and the media, while remaining a deputy of the parliament. He was also engaged in the preparation of contracts for the delimitation of powers between the Kremlin and the regions. In August 1995, he left the “Our House - Russia”. In the elections in December 1995, the Shakhrai party did not go to the Duma, the politician himself elected to the single -mandate district.
After the election, he resigned from the post of deputy chairman of the government, also left the Council of Security of the Russian Federation.
In December 1996, he was appointed representative of the president in the Constitutional Court and soon resigned deputy powers.
On June 27, 1998, at the next congress announced the support of Yuri Luzhkov in the presidential election. Shakhrai also stated that his party no longer supports government policy.
On June 29, the President dismissed Shakhrai from the post of representative in the Constitutional Court, next month - fired from the post of head of the presidential commission to prepare agreements on the delimitation of powers between Moscow and the regions.
In 1997-2000, Shakhrai was a member of the Board of Directors of Gazprom-Media. For some time, he was one of the leaders of the AFC “System” by Vladimir Yevtushenkov.
In 1998-1999, he was also an adviser in the governments of Yevgeny Primakov, Sergey Stepashin and Vladimir Putin.
In 2000, he was appointed head of the then created research institute of the County Chamber of Russia. In 2004, he headed the apparatus of the Accounts Chamber, remaining the scientific director of the institute. He held these positions until October 2013.
Sergey Shakhrai heads the Higher School (Faculty) of the State Audit at Moscow State University, is the vice -rector of this university.
The politician is married, with the wife of Tatyana they raised three children: two sons (Sergey born in 1988 and Mikhail 1991) and daughter Maria (1994).
What is famous
Photo: Accounts Chamber of the Russian FederationOne of the noticeable politicians and officials of the beginning and mid-1990s.
Co -author of the Constitution of Russia, Belovezh agreements, agreements on the delimitation of powers between the Russian Federation and regions. Shahrai is a doctor of legal sciences (dissertation on the topic “Federalism and constitutional justice: problems of theory, methodology, practice”, 2001), professor, specialist in the field of constitutional law, federalism, constitutional justice.
What you need to know about
In 1993, Shakhrai was one of the first in the country to publish a declaration of income. As of 1995, his family with three children lived very well. According to the calculations of the official’s wife, it turned out that, behind the fees for the apartment and the State Duma, the five members of the family accounted for about seven hundred thousand rubles a month ”(Tatyana Shakhrai was then on maternity leave, 700 thousand after denomination began to correspond to 700 rubles).
“When we created a family, we had a choice: to have a rich house and one child or far from chic life and many children. We chose the last. And we do not regret. This is enough for products. True, I am not a regular customer of supermarkets and do not know the way to fashionable couturier. But I know how to plant potatoes and cucumbers. And six acres of the garden that my parents have, they help out very much, ”said Shakhrai's wife.
Direct speech
About the economy of Russia and the USA ( BUSINESS Online , December 2014): “Who knows that the United States produces more gas than Russia, and oil - almost the same? The United States consumes these oil and gas for the development of its production, and what remains is stored in an extensive storage system. They develop energy potential inward. Therefore, they can negotiate with Saudi Arabia and OPEC from the standpoint of strength.
And Russia drives everything outside the country. Gasoline in the United States is cheaper than in Russia, while salaries there are much higher. If the price of oil is high, Russia sells it to make a profit, while the deficit is formed inside. And if a deficit, then gas prices take off. If the price of oil falls, Russia holds high prices for gasoline within the country to compensate for the loss. It turns out a win -win mechanism ... It is necessary not to engage in these manipulations, but by diversification of the economy. ”
On the teaching of constitutional law ( Russian Newspaper , April 2013): “I try to give concrete examples in lectures that the constitution is not a mossy monument, but a working mechanism. I suggest that students try on the role of leaders and think about how to resolve the conflict of parliament and the government or center and regions with the help of the Constitution. Or I set the following task: how to create a government of the parliamentary majority, without making a single amendment to the Constitution. I say, you are the organizers of the future of the country, and you need this document because it demonstrates the image of the desired future that you put into practice. ”
About what should be added to the Constitution (" Izvestia ", December 2013): “That marriage is the union of a man and a woman. In 1993, there was no thought that it should be adjusted. <...> We must record about badminton. This is not just a sport. The nation will blind. In the first grade, 5% with glasses, in the eleventh - 56%. And badminton treats vision. It is necessary to write down that the nation should be sighted. And in order for her to be sighted, including politically, it is necessary to play badminton. But seriously, then you do not need to pull every thing into the constitution! She is the foundation. "
6 facts about Sergey Shakhra
During the student, he worked in construction teams. “I am a good mason, stove -maker, master and so on,” the politician said. - I can fold both now the house and the bathhouse that I did once, returning to the village, amazing my parents. He brought 1,100 rubles in 1974, overlapping a brick by the Samaraen House and built a bathhouse. Then these were incredible things. ”
In the 1993 elections, he took unpaid vacation, "in order not to conduct a pre -election campaign at the state expense." He independently published a declaration of income and called on the same other politicians who headed party lists.
For four years, during which Shakhi headed a commission that prepared agreements on the delimitation of powers between the federation and regions, agreements with 46 constituent entities of the Federation were signed. The new chairman of the commission, Vladimir Putin, stopped the practice of signing contracts. By 2003, 33 contracts were terminated by agreement of the parties, the rest lost their strength in 2005.
Honored Lawyer of Russia (1995). Active state adviser of the 1st class (1997).
Since 2005 he is the president of the National Badminton Federation of Russia. He has been playing Badminton since 1978, when he played for the Faculty of Law Faculty of Moscow State University.
The main hobbies calls the upbringing of children and the Russian bath.
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