Dictation in the cave and at the bottom of the sea

On April 16 , the Total Dictation action was held , which became a truly universal. This year, the dictation was written by more than 150 thousand people on six continents, in the seas and even in the air. And a couple of months earlier , within the framework of the Total Dictation, the first tun sin- Slam was held .

For the first time, the Total Dictation spent for all comers the “Club Club” NSU (student club of the Humanitarian Faculty) in 2004. Since then, the number of participants and the geography of the dictation have expanded significantly. This year, sea vessels joined the 732 cities of the world on land: the dictation was written by cadets and members of the permanent crew of the Kruzenshtern vessel, the crews of the five icebreakers. And to write a dictation in flight was offered to passengers of the Novosibirsk -Moscow flights to S7. Traditionally, the “total dictation” was also written by polar explorers at four Antarctic stations. In the city of Kungur, a place for the site “Total Dictation” was found literally from the ground-the organizers were offered to those who wanted to write in the cave, deciding that such a place is most consistent with the text of this year. And the Karelian divers expanded the geography of this year’s action to the bottom of the ocean.

But the action is not only geographically exposed. The organizers every year pay more and more attention to the nuances of spelling and punctuation. It is not surprising that the seminars of the organizers of the "total dictation" became traditional. And around the conference of the Total Dictation, popular lectures appeared very quickly, the thematic meeting of the readers “Open the mouth”, and this year also “Total Sins-Slam”.

The first thematic battle of scientists in Novosibirsk was organized, as it is not difficult to guess from the name, “Eureka! Fest ”, the scientific cafe“ Eureka ”and“ Total Dictation ”. Honestly, not all the organizers of the conference “Dynamic processes in modern Russian”, held on February 3–7 ( www.russkiymir.ru/events/201270/ ), were satisfied with the “total slam”. There were those who believed that this entertaining event did not fit into a serious mood conference with its popular science lectures, round tables, and work at sessions. Others drew my attention to the fact that scientific battle became the most massive event of this conference - spectacular, fun and informative.

In this scientific battle, viewers were able to look at the language and his study, as it were, from the outside. To see how our brain perceives the native and foreign language, in what language animals speak, how the brain of computers develops and how to learn new playful.

Alexander Isakova, winner of the All -Russian Science Slam, graduate student with a degree in Russian language Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirima Sorokina, performed at Sins-Slam in Novosibirsk outside the competition, setting the tone for all participants. She admitted that her scientific work helped her with ethnic self -identification. Her parents were born in a small village of Komi, and then moved to the city, where they were shy to speak the Komi language. As a result, Sasha herself was able to learn Komi only at the university as a foreign.

“In the language of Komi there is no soft sound“ C ”, it is pronounced as Russian“ p ”. And I caught myself on the fact that it is much more convenient for me to say this sound of Komi “Sh” - pure, Shchurprise, Novosobirsk. At this moment, one might say, my national self -identification occurred, ”Alexander admits. In his study, Isakova studies in which content the Komi language is used in the Russian -speaking press. It turned out that as the language of communication of Komi in the studied publications is mentioned only four times, as a codified language with its writing, rules and grammar - 12 times, as the language of the indigenous population - 48 times, as a state - more than 70 times - 158 times, but just as the Komi language - as many as 1072 mention. Sashin rap about the conceptual and tamatic areas of mentioning the Komi language blew up. “Alexandra was simply beautiful - a great sense of humor, interesting facts about Komi’s language, personal story! I understand why this girl received a prize at the All -Russian competition! ” - assures the audience of Slama Tatyana.

Matlingvist Tuyana Ayusheeva, a student of the GUMFAKA NSU, writes a diploma in the laboratory of differential psychophysiology of the Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS. And she began her story with the story, as during writing work compared to the French language and the Udege Gugl, over and over again, during the search for information, he tried to correct the Udege language to the Adyghe cheese ... and this is not surprising. The All -Russian population census in 2010 counted only 103 native speakers of this language. It would seem, why to study languages ​​that almost no one speaks in? “The fact is that each language is its own picture of the world,” the speaker explains. - Losing it, we lose a whole worldview, a whole layer of culture, traditions, life values, etc. ”

However, Tuyana herself does not study rare languages. The attention of its laboratories is aimed at languages ​​in which entire republics speak: Yakut and Tuvinsky. Tuyana and colleagues invited local residents to look for an error in offers for a while, and at that time they removed the tested electroencephalogram. It turned out that the native and studied languages ​​in our brain are perceived differently. Even the language that you speak perfectly will never be perceived by the brain just like a native. It is interesting that the brain of city participants in the experiment from Yakutia as a native perceived Russian, and Yakut and English as foreign. “The thing is that the participants in Yakutskoy speak in everyday life, they almost do not encounter a written Yakut speech,” Ayusheeva explains. Another unexpected, seemingly, the result was shown by the Tuvan group. Most of the time, these participants in the experiment spent on finding errors in sentences in Tuvan, and record short - in ... English! The best result in all test groups! “But with a more careful consideration of the data, we see that the Tuvan group, although it solves English tests very quickly, the percentage of errors there is also a record high,” Tuyan explains.

The programmer, senior teacher of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics of Sibguti, an employee of the Institute of Computing Technology SB RAS Anton Rakitsky plunged the hall into the atmosphere of spy messages, secret letters and the last finds of steaganography. The inscriptions that appear in ultraviolet light, letters written in lemon juice, and other ways to hide the message from the uninitiated were well known to children. But at all times it was not just children's fun. This is not to say that all the historical examples of Steganography voiced by Anton look effective. For example, slave owners from the Shan Dynasty, to maintain the secrecy of correspondence, shaved a slave on their heads, wrote a message on the skin and, waiting for the hair to grow again, sent him to the recipient. Another example, well known to all Soviet schoolchildren, is written by Lenin’s milk in books of letters that were manifested when heated. Modern steaganography is quite expected to use higher, reliable and fast technologies than hair growth or manifesting ink. Cases have been identified when information about the prepared terrorist acts was encrypted inside the photos. In reality, you can use files of any format to transmit information on the network. However, in the modern world, not only terrorists use Steganography. For example, the so -called digital fingerprints in files with a film that have not yet been released, the publishers are embedded in the book or audio Disclot before sending the first copies to critics. If this file pops up somewhere on the network before the sale, it will be easy to find exactly who it was intended for preliminary viewing. To confirm the authorship of digital photos, the so -called digital watermarks can be added to the files: information about the camera, place and time of the picture taken. Until recently, pictures from Canon cameras using the Original Data Security cameras were even accepted in court. Our compatriot Dmitry Sklyarov managed to hack the code. To demonstrate the fact of hacking, Dmitry published a number of photographs with a forged digital signature. These are pictures of the Soviet flag on the moon, UFOs over Mount Fuji, Stalin with an iPod and a statue of freedom with a sickle in his hand. Rakitsky laboratories managed to develop mechanisms that determine with very great reliability whether there is hidden information in the file.

Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Kand. Biol. Sofya Panteleeva spoke sciences not just about the unknown gathered language, she spoke the language of animals! “Once Goril said that she was a bird and knows how to fly. “Show me!”, They asked her. “The bird is a ponaroshka ... I'm fooling around,” she answered. When they told her about death and informed that she would die, the gorilla did not believe: “This is a very cruel joke”. ” It turned out that everything told is not a parable or a fairy tale, but a real conversation that took place between people and a gorilla coco in Ammlela - the American dumb. So we have advanced greatly in the understanding of animals, and at the same time man. For example, the study of animals helps to understand such an amazing riddle as learning a language in infancy - without tears, difficulties and punishments. The Khomsky linguist suggested that there is a universal congenital grammar, which the child tunes differently depending on the language environment. Sophia is forced to support this theory of their own research ... on ants. “We studied the development of complex hunting stereotypes in ants. It turned out that they are completely congenital only in units. The rest have elements that develop in a whole stereotype in the process of development. ” In addition, observing young ants, the researchers found that they are much more “talkful” by adults. According to one version, this is an analogue of a child who calls everything he sees. The other is baby babble when the kids pronounce only fragments of words, try different phonetic combinations. Boxing gloves, a traditional prize of scientific battles, received Evgeny Pavlovsky, and. O. Head. Laboratory of Analytics of stream data and machine learning MMF NSU. Eugene asked a very unexpected question: who are we teaching? About his work, he decided to put the very real fairy tale about the good youth of Egoria and Tsar Ivan. A good fellow, in which the image of Eugene himself was clearly traced, tried to convey the idea of ​​his research not just the public of an ignorant, but a person from the distant past. Having told about the wonderful time, when iron birds fly around the sky, they communicate without feeling borders, the chambers remove robots and created artificial intelligence, he was very interested in the prince-father. However, Eugene told those present not only fairy tales. For example, he told the audience about the real possibilities of artificial neural networks or deep training. Today, artificial intelligence can draw, imitating a specific artist, write music, write scientific articles and even compose poetry. But the most interesting thing is that each of the listeners, according to Pavlovsky, participates daily in the upbringing of artificial intelligence: putting likes, making reposts, laying out pictures and placing posts. “I think that if each of us takes part in the education of artificial intelligence, then everyone should try to instill in his kindness, the desire for truth,” Eugene unexpectedly called. The fabulous king, admiring the scale of the problems being solved, gave the treasury to Egoriya for three years, ordered to do what was needed. A fairy tale is a lie, but it has a hint: Pavlovsky’s laboratory really received a very significant amount from the government for a system of analysis of telecommunication data for security purposes.