"Extremists wanted more mugs"

The next text below, dedicated to the stage of prisoners of the early 1980s, was published in the Bulletin of Radio "Freedom" No. 6 for 1982. AS No. 4569. The publication was carried out according to the photocopy of the original letter. Where the original letter is located is unknown. In the family archive, he has not yet been discovered, relatives do not remember the details of receiving a letter and did not know about this publication. The text was supposedly dated 1981. When establishing the authorship of the letter, a selection of suitable candidates was carried out from the “Chronicle of current events” (who hung under Article 190-1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (the distribution of knowingly false fabrications defaming the Soviet state and social systems in Moscow in the early 1980s, those who had a cassation in the Supreme Court of the RSFSR). There were 5-6 people. The authorship was established in the personal file of the prisoner Alexander Pavlovich Lavut, from which it is clear that he had a cassation, he was transferred from the Butyr prison and, moreover, on Sunday. Passes in the text are made by an unknown compiler.

Alexander Pavlovich Lavut (1929–2013), mathematician, public figure (Moscow). Member of the Initiative Group Protection of Human Rights in the USSR (1969). He led the publication of the Chronicles of current events (1979–1980), the sole compiler of the 31st issue, entirely dedicated to the Crimean Tatars. Arrested on April 29, 1980 under article 190–1, was kept in Butyrka prison. A de facto investigation was conducted by the KGB officers, and not the prosecutor's office of the Moskvoretsky district, in the jurisdiction of which was formally the case. The verdict was passed on December 26, 1980 by the Moscow City Court - 3 years of general regime camps. The cassation was considered by the Supreme Court of the RSFSR on April 14, 1981, the sentence was left unchanged. He was serving a term in the Yab-257/16 camp, Khabarovsk Territory, Solnechny district, pos. Hurmuli. A day before the end of the term against Lavut, a new case was fabricated under Article 190–1, and in October 1983 he was sentenced to 5 years in exile (he was serving in the Chumikan village of the Khabarovsk Territory, the exile ended in December 1986). In 1990–2000-member of the Council of the Human Rights Center "Memorial".

The publication of the text was prepared for the OVD-info by historian Alexei Makarov.

STAGE

(Essay is compiled according to the letter of one prisoner)

... "3AKKOKO", that is, the ruling of the Supreme Court, I received ... - -I began to wait for the sending to Presnya [1] . However, they pulled (took to the stage - sost .) Me on Sunday (which does not happen), and immediately in the funnel rode to the station [2] . He drove to Presnya only for a “normal” party. Of the Butyok, there were only two of us. My fellow traveler is under investigation, after Serbian [3] (the Institute of Judicial Psychiatry - sost .), For such a stage, a normal thing is directly from the Butyrs. He, although young, turned out to be an experienced man, where he had not been and who he just did not know. According to the aggregate of biographical information and other details - not otherwise than my personal fellow traveler, especially since his “business” (about him, like his biography, he told, I am sure, the truth) was arranged by the Almighty Galina Borisovna (GB - Sost .) The tooth (as his own) and, according to his own story, this could end either for 4 years or release or release. Already in ... (after 2 months - sost .). I must think, he chose the second. I personally have no complaints against him for this, he was not annoying in questioning and offers to help, say, with letters. I dodged the latter ... He behaved friendly (and sincerely - this is usually visible), in some situations he stood up for me.

I found out the direction in the funnel (it is written on the cover, glued to the sealed envelope with the case. [...]

... In early letters, I spoke about the underestimation of the latitude of the soul of Galina Borisovna regarding the geographical latitudes and, of course, it was necessary to add, long -term [4] .

[...] Now I will try again in order, with a small return. Shmonali (searched - sost .) In Butyrki I am very carefully - probably for an hour (I have nowhere to rush alone), the result is almost zero - the sergeant took the colored rods and gave advice : the papers (pieces of 20 scribbled notebooks) burn everything - "this is not a masculine business, all writing." I objected: “It is not a masculine business, so that only women were planted such scribble” [5] . I'm afraid that they did not understand each other, but in any case, I was pleased with the shmon. Currently, the bag remained as huge (like a large backpack), which at all stages of a large path caused various comments - more humorous, but sometimes trade or predatory motives. With one of the last type (in the “Stage” by N. [6] ), my Chicheron stood up in the early phase, that is, when they still asked - where, how much. “A rotten conversation, boys, this person sits for us, so that they do not treat us like cattle.” A little later, these same (they went to the “cover” (prison - sost .)) Called the audience to give them something. I gave something, they said-little, that’s the end and ended. Now the bag has already lost weight, but still "has the form."

3rd return to "in order".

In the “Stolypin”, standing somewhere on the tracks [...], we were brought in the evening, at 7 hours, and until 2 nights we stood or slightly twitched back and forth (all this time , of course, without a restroom), until we clung [...] and went to N. Stolypin described, rewritten, but still a few words. The first impression is better than represented: cleanly, linoleum on the floor, gray paint. The grill separating the Camerian compartment from the corridor is not rusty rods in the cage, but welded from elegant wavy twigs-directly, like a fence of some villa. The grill on the windows (corridor, there is no window in the window) - and it seems to be decorative and has a clearance to open (slightly lower) the window. This discovery is the third most important and frequency topic of swearing or affectionate negotiations with the escort (I - restroom, II - water). Inside the compartment differs from the usual in that a board overlaps the interval, so that the II tier is solid bunks on 4, or even 5, is thrown from one of the shelves of the second tier. This board is shorter than shelves, and a hatch is obtained near the door - to get off and climb. III tier - 2 normal shelves. The norm is 12 people: 6 lie upstairs, 6 sit, reclining below. This is quite tolerant, people change places. But it happens 20.

Planting in Stolypin is very fast, they can and can smell it. Beginners begin to immediately be located, take off, etc., they are stopped by more experienced ones. Somewhere after half an hour, planting begins-according to the modes and marks in practice, if any. The surname is excluded, it is necessary to answer the name, patronymic, year of birth, article, term and - with things in the specified camera. The general regime travels with “chemists” [7] (even if they are from the camp of a maximum security camp), the case should, of course, be separately, but in our compartment it was not observed (except “mine”, there was another one).

There were 15 of us in the compartment, all before N. and further [...]. All 2 days lived peacefully and even fun. One of the entertainment is a pissing in polyethyl. The package, when the unreasonable to wait for the “mandrel”, must occur every 4 hours, but often occurring only after a long “hip”. The package, of course, sooner or later begins to leak. Closer to N. began to plant local ones, so by the end of us there were 18. In N. stood in Stolypin from 2 a.m. to 10 in the morning, when the funnels were served.

This procedure is also well known: we jump out, squatting 3 in a row, soldiers with machine guns, a dog, "the convoy shoots without warning", "running to the cars."

Acceptance in the N-jail is rudely, but somehow carelessly (not in NN ^[8] ). Shmon, compared with the Butyrka, we can say that there is no ( for example , I took off only 1 boots from all clothing), besides the shmon-after passing things into the storage camera, that is, only what you bring to the camera. But the camera is yes. Only here I really really understood that I was in prison. The twilight, the small window under the ceiling is taken by such a thick outer blind ("cilia"), which is only visible - day or night.

About 50 m ² - a bulb 40 or 60, the walls are completely stained with crushed bugs. A broken toilet and a flowing shell, the floor is wooden, but at first it seems earthen. Continuous bunks on 2 walls (2 floors) with 40 seats, with me (for 4 days - sost .) There were from 60 to 110 people, and this, they say, is not the limit. Neither the mattress nor the spoon-circle is issued against the rules. Sleep in the quilted jacket. Many slept on the floor or on the bunks in turn. The feeding, not only is it without fat and not eaten, is poured on full -time. We conspired to demand at least: spoons (extremists wanted more mugs, but most did not dare to go so far) and a complete norm. On Sunday in the morning they refused to take food. The duty officer on the case came running. "We will not eat without spoons anymore." Balander (food distributor - sost .): "Yes, you never asked, here are 20 spoons." “It doesn't suit us.” “Why don't you pick up rations (bread) and sugar.” - “Because incomplete, and sugar (sand) is also not sleeping. It also does not get Balanda. ” Very soon the duty officer pom came running. beginning. Prison Lieutenant Colonel M. (due to Sunday - the largest bosses) and several more officers. M. begins a formidable investigation (all, of course, obscenities), but also performs some sedative actions (sends the duty officer on the cell with one of the officers to check the weight of the rations). He reports: everything is normal-loafs are cut in half by eye, so some have a small underweight, others-an advantage. "Well, take rations?" Silence. "Who is dissatisfied with the Soviet government, take things and go out." All the time is clearly trying to figure out the instigators. Well, one is quite clear: he was the first to formulate the requirements - a certain S. is dragged, two duty officers. They grab me by the sleeve, but M. orders - "this to the side." The investigation ends on this. They ask again if we take food. I say: "Return these three to the camera, and let the distribution take place under the supervision of the administration so that the Balander puts the complete norm." There are several more cries in the same spirit. Conditions are accepted. S., returning, says that he was only poked a couple of times with fists. 41 spoons are issued (for 70 people, but there are still 10 of their own), sugar and porridge really turn out to be 1.5 times more than usual. At lunch - the same thing, only 35 spoons. I had already dinner in Stapka (where, reminding the Balander - another - about the morning incident, 10 spoons were received by 15 people). In the same place, in Stapka, from the later transit chambers (neighboring ones), I heard that in the evening ... -I was taken to the corridor, put them on the corridor, put them in sticks. I don’t know for sure whether it was a direct revenge for the morning riot or there was something else. In favor of the first version, such a conversation. When the next day, those who were on NN, and the turn came to me, who led this event, who led this event (he was in the cell on the eve), looking at me carefully, said [...]: “Your Georgian ... gave it, you have the past. Why unshlighted? You stay, you won’t go to the stage! ” (Due to the sending me from Buttes on Sunday, when the hairdressers are the weekend, they didn’t cut me off, or maybe they didn’t care about it at all, because they usually do this on Presnya). However, after about 5 minutes he interrupted again (my business was open, not yet sealed in an envelope for the stage), said: “And you ... it turns out, x ... man,” and ordered the present, it turns out that the hairdresser cut me there. But the point has ended. During these actions and words , of course, I was kniting something, but, I repent, to the heights of the PZK (that is, something like “do not dare to poke and swear”) did not rise.

In defense of the Soviet regime: N-h-rush-“central”, it was a very large load on it (by the morning there were already 70 people by the “stage”, then they also brought it and sent for a day-ours was the last-pieces of 10 parties in different directions). Therefore, to repair cameras, replenish the stocks of spoons, monitor the balilanders, as well as instill good manners to ensigns, captains and lieutenant colonel in any way. The batons of the “cheerful team” is a good need, a sad necessity (the relevant organs in Butyrki are around with fists) caused by a motley contingent.

2 days BC. They were already “ordinary”, except that they quite often landed and took - mainly, traveling to the courts or after the trial to the near zones. At first there were 16 people in the compartment, then to 7 fell (there is such a luxury), then, to NN, it came to 10. Instead of unreliable polyethylene in the corner under the bed stood a thorough vessel - a rubber boot. He was in charge of (i.e., he carried out “mandrels”) “chemist” nicknamed “monk” - a psalmist from the church of G.V., convicted under Article 206 part 2 (“malicious hooliganism” - from the stop .) - beaten, drunken, of course, the controller on the bus. He told me confidentially that he was really a monk, only secret, and also that not only he was sinful - a priest from the church with. S. sits on Article 89 (theft of state property) - stole a carpet, a bowl, candles and peace in his church. He was a salary of 500 rubles, but he drank a lot - there was not enough. Some of my companions were occupied by a stormy novel in letters with convicts “youngsters” (they were transferred to an adult colony). I basically fell asleep after N.

In NN. They didn’t put us on, but immediately ran to the funnels under the barking of only one, however, but a tireless shepherd. The orders here are different. And the appeal and the "interior" - immediately "put in place." And with the initial “acceptance” - before the surrender of things and the shmona remaining - and then women are disposed of, although there are many cops (officials of the MVD - sost .) Men. It’s just a charm that for the bitch - 30–35 years old, ocular, slender, well combed, the voice is just a little with hoarse: “Guys! Who I call, quickly approach, say the name, patronymic, year of birth, article, term - and in the corridor, to build 2. Are everyone built? Turn to face the wall! And what, fucking, do not understand? Well, quickly, eggs to the wall! " On the shmon there are its own orders - polyethylene bags, handles and rods are withdrawn. I tried to defend the pen (I heard about it at the Stolypin, but did not take into account - I did not throw it in the bag). “We can’t, we have a category prison. It is incomprehensible, but convincing. They lead to the bathhouse some narrow underground corridors, barely lit, now and then stumble. In N. the bathhouse is quite spacious and the shower goes for a long time - about 15 minutes. Here - it is crowded and wash for about 6–8 minutes. But I still managed to wash and wash my underpants, slightly affected in an unequal struggle with the escort for the mandrel. The camera after N-can seemed luxurious. The "cilia" are rare - the sun through them goes with might and main. Much cleaner. Instead of NAR 5 2-story beds, however, the population is 29 (instead of 10). Spoons are given to food, and food is more satisfying and more complete than N-can. In general, the rest house. Only now the cop likes: the watchman on duty ... bursts: "Walk!" People begin to get up (the entire almost half is covered with mattresses, which give out the arrivals here, almost everyone is lying). It seems to the cop that this is done too slowly, he grabs the boot, hits them someone next to him, throws it to someone who is away. Personally, he suffered only because since the boot was mine, I shoes the last to go into the corridor, why I was firing to carry a “Tuzik” - a garbage bucket - not as a punishment, but as a closing column.

On the first day ... I am called to take a mattress to the bathhouse (to the stage). I was amazed at such luck (pass the shipment in 1 day!), But it turned out that, unlike the other NN-can, prepares for the stage a day-per day, or even in 2. So I still had to sleep-one guy kindly provided me with ½ of his bunk. In almost all bunks, two were sleeping on the floor, of course, too - by the night there were still 26 people and about 20 mattresses in the cell. The next day I really went. Loyance was still-2 days-this is also fine, and in addition, Japal on a special store NN. - K. [9] , that is, passed, at least 1 shipping. ... In addition, this stage with an almost permanent population (in our cell everything is up to K., and no one was planted) and normal loading - 12 people each. Both in prisons and at the stage there is still something interesting, but Yustal ... Yes, I'm afraid to get bored.

... How Japo I miss you all! Rather, letters would go, rather a date.

I kiss tightly. I do not list Hello, because I can’t embrace the immense.

[1] The text of the ruling of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR Lavat received on May 5, sent according to the stage on May 10, 1981. "Presnya" - pre -trial detention center No. 3, in the past Presnensky transit prison.

[2] The usual order required sending from a transit prison, that is, from Krasnopresnenskaya. The direct stage from the Butyrskaya prison is an extraordinary thing! The last place of Alexander Lavut in Butyrskaya prison is the 309th camera, in which Sergey Magnitsky was later located.

[3] That is, after conducting a forensic psychiatric examination.

[4] Alexander Lavat arrived at the camp on June 6, 1981.

[5] Lavut has in mind the human rights activist Tatyana Velikanova (in August 1980 he was sentenced to 4 years of camps and 5 years of exile) and Tatyana Osipova (convicted in April 1981 to 5 years of camps and 5 years of exile).

[6] Lavuta’s path runs along the Trans -Siberian Railway. N. - Kirov Sent. Part of the prisoners then went to the Vyatka camps.

[7] “Chemistry” is an unofficial name for one of the forms of punishment in Soviet correctional labor legislation. The convicts should have been forced to work (instead of the camp) at factories and construction sites and live under administrative supervision in special dormitories.

[8] Novosibirsk transit prison. For morals there, see the publication of the OWD-Info "If everyone does not know about this story-what we will cost then!" .

[9] Вероятно, Новосибирск — Красноярск (минуя Томск).