Oaths of justice

Historian and sociologist Yuri Topper continues to excursion into the history of modern Olympism

The historian and sociologist Yuri Topper continues to excursion into the history of modern Olympism. The beginning is here , here , here , here , here andhere .

"About sport! You are justice! You indicate the straight, honest paths that people are looking for to achieve the goals set in life. You are impartial. You teach that the rules of the competition are the law. You demand:" No athlete performing exercises to spectators and judges must stop these rules. "You determine the boundaries of the sport. There are no more judges and stricter than you yourself. Your requirement of fair assessments for true achievements is unshakable. ”

Paphos and installations of Pierre de Cubertin are quite justified. Norms and rules - the basis of the organization of activities. Diligent compliance with the norms is encouraged, their violation is punishable.

The development of sports is impossible without establishing and compliance with the norms and requirements ("competition rules - law", "there is no judge more demanding and stricter" ). The basis of decisions is fair assessments of true achievements.

Sports are justice. According to philosophers, justice is based on the concept of a noble proper . And yet - what is especially important - a noble someone , evaluating what is fair and what is not.

The author of the "Oda" inspired the experience of antiquity. Creators of norms ( Metron ) of a fair order - Olympic gods. There is a goddess of justice - Astei.

Ellanodics, the priests of Astei, ensured the equality of preparation for competitions. The athlete, claiming to participate in the Olympic Agon, was under the control of the mentor for nine months. Then the trusted candidates were invited to a pre -Olympic monthly training camp in the Alphaea Valley. Here, the power priests - Ellanodics were responsible for discipline and equal training conditions.

Ellanodics-Suds ensured unquestioning compliance with the rules of the Olympic Agon. Some rules were ruthless. In 564 BC. e. In the decisive duel, Arrachion from Pygali was strangled, twice an Olympicon in a fierce struggle - Pankration. Stuffed - with strict observance of the Olympic rules.

After the 98th Olympiad (388 BC), not only the statues of the Olympionniki winners were erected in the sacred grove of the Olympia. The sculptures of the gods sculpted at the expense of fined violators of Olympic justice were also exhibited here.

Pierre de Cuberten

Of course, the author of the Oda turned not only to the traditions of ancient Olympiads.

For Kuberten, the sport of European aristocrats was a model of compliance with a fair game. The game of gentlemen is a hobby that does not bring profit, an occupation for the soul. Mutual politeness and generosity: with the inequality of forces, a weak partner receives a “head start”. Justice triumphs.

The rules of the English football Association (1863) normalized the size of the field and gate, especially the goalkeeper’s games, the fixation of offside and corners. But, a strange thing, in the first rules - not a word about refereeing. Gentlemen's competitions - "Fair Play", an honest game. In a controversial case, you can take a break, discuss the conflict and achieve the desired compromise. The judicial whistle sounded only in 1880.

The viewer, miraculously seeing the fencing tournament of the beginning of the last century, would be pretty puzzled. Maestro fight on the path with musketeer enthusiasm. Along the battlefield, arbitrators are located at a long table. But no one leads the battle . Having received a blow or an injection, the fencer himself honestly admits: "Coois me!" And why are arbitrators? Suddenly the gentleman was mistaken ...

The brainchild of Kuberten is the Olympic oath of the athlete. For the first time at the grand opening of the Games of the VII Olympics (Antwerp, 1920), it is pronounced by the Belgian fencer Viktor Buan.

Olympic victory is increasingly getting the masters of a tough game. Acts on the verge of fouls become the norm

"On behalf of all athletes, I promise that we will participate in these Olympic Games, respecting and observing the rules by which they are held in a truly sports spirit, for the glory of sports and in the name of honor of their teams."

Recently, the promise "act to act as an Olympic oath of athletes, discarding doping in honor of an honest game."

Kuberten saw a threat to the justice of sports life in the appearance of a "disgusting clan of professional athletes who will pervert the idea of sports, monopolize them and turn them into a kind of puppet theater."

We need special measures. The requirements of the "Code of Lovence" are categorical. Traveling to training camps and competitions - only at your own expense. In the Olympic competitions, teachers of physical education and coaches do not have the right to participate. No sponsors and benefactors! The received monetary reward is the basis for the disqualification of an amateur.

In the sports life of James Porpa, the American athlete, the multifaceter, the triumph of the games of the V Olympiad, there was a case of participating in the competitions of professional-professional. Having brought this about this, the Fathers of the IOC with shame deprived the torp of Olympic awards.

Vladislav Tretyak

Paavo Nurmy, the great Styer of the twentieth century, received a reward for demonstrations in the United States. The supervision did not doze. The eight -time Olympic champion was disqualified. For life. The triumph of justice ...

The struggle for the purity of love turns into absurdity, when the state (Hitler Reich, communist power) becomes the customer of Olympic victories). A new funded stratum appears - "personnel", "state" sport. Admit to the Olympic Games of athletes taken for maintenance by the state? But this is unfair to "pure" lovers. IOC President Brendage skillfully avoided discussing a sensitive issue. Having headed the IOC, Juan Antonio Samararanch first careful:

“Our duty is to provide all athletes of the world with equal chances to participate in the Olympic Games. Of course, with the exception of professionals. For me, a professional is one who exists exclusively through sports” ( “Sports abroad” , No. 5, 1984).

Then Samaranch makes a fundamental decision by inviting professionals to play Los Angeles (1984) . The triumph of justice? Or the death of memory of disinterested amateur ...

"The rules of the competition is the law." However, dexterous games with the rules occurred . At the Olympic Games in Berlin (1936), the horseback cross was laid through a unsteady swamp. The horses of the rivals were knitted, the horsemen despair. But the swamp famously overcome the champions, the riders of Germany, who had mastered a reliable secret path ahead of time.

Today, the Olympic victory is increasingly getting the masters of a tough game. Actions on the verge of fouls become the norm of sports life. Take a closer look at the finals of the Olympic competitions in 800 meters running. Fruiting the crowd of leaders, blocking the applicant for victory - everything is fair ...

Methods and means of training are being improved. Now, to ensure technologically sound preparation of the Olympic champion, 4-5 million dollars are required. There is no money - do not claim, you can complain about the injustice of sports life.

The Olympic history of Soviet fencing is triumphant. True, some unwritten requirements for the justice of the fights arose, to athletes. If several Soviet athletes were breaking through to the final of the world and Olympic championships, by decision of the head coach of the USSR national team, the finalists “surrendered” the strongest battles.

The main guardian of sports justice is an arbiter. Alas, often the decisions of the guard are controlled not by the call of conscience, but by the "distant someone."

Journalist Arkady Romanovich Galinsky, journalist Arkady Romanovich Galin, ironically and sadly called the meetings between the Ukrainian football teams that performed in the Higher League of the USSR.

After the end of the sports career of Viktor Chukarin (gymnast, the hero of the Olympic Games in Helsinki and Melbourne) was invited to the Supreme Judicial Collegium. Before the start of the European championship, the briefing of judges took place in terms of the required assessments. Viktor Ivanovich squinted: "My last name is Chukarin!" And he immediately abandoned the games in "proper justice".

The IOC appeals to the conscience of arbitrators. In 1968, the Olympic oath of judges was added to the opening ceremony of the Summer and Winter Games.

"On behalf of all judges and officials, I promise that we will fulfill our duties at these Olympic Games with complete impartiality, respecting and observing the rules by which they are held in a truly sports spirit."

Are the coaches of the Olympians honor the rules of an honest game?

In 2010, at the opening of summer youth games, the Olympic Oath of Coachs sounded for the first time:

"On behalf of all coaches and other people from the environment of athletes, I promise that we will behave in such a way as to maintain a sports spirit and honest game, in accordance with the basic principles of the Olympic movement."

Olympic Games of athletes, games of coaches and judges, politicians' games. Different games. And all - on the verge of a foul.

Dreams of the return of the culture of ancient Olympiads are ridiculous. The holiness of the sports rules , the mighty goddess Astei, standing guard of justice ... Only games in the oaths and ellanodics of Wada are real.

We will smile at the naivety of the Kubertenov "Oda". And we humble ourselves with absurd transformations of sports into a school of injustice.