Siberians are free and involuntary

Tatyana Nazarenko , Tatyana Nazarenko, (a researcher at the museum, one of the authors of the project), told the Siberian Free and involuntary project of the Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore ( http: //sibiryaki.online ) . The questions were asked by Alexander Artamonov (creative group "Museum Decisions") and Natalia Demina .

- How did the idea of ​​the project appear? What was the first impulse? The great -grandfathers of the authors of the project are Siberians free or involuntary?

- I joined the project at the stage when his idea had already existed for several years: there was even an application that entered the semi -finals of the “Changing Museum in the Changing World” of the Potanin Foundation. The idea comes from the head of the project, whose ancestors moved to Siberia voluntarily, as well as from one of the veterans of our museum, E. A. Andreeva, who has long been working on the topic of Stolypin resettlement, prepared the catalog of objects, participated in a number of expeditions in the village of Tomsk region. I have my lively interest in this project - the fate of a particular person and his native village, which has almost disappeared, now it is more a country place. It's about the Stolypin immigrants from Belarus.

The funny thing is that I have nothing to do with the “narrow” formulation of the project (peasant migrations). My great -grandfathers lived in the Nizhny Novgorod province and were not going to go anywhere. Father in 1958 arrived here on distribution, thought that he would leave at the end of the mandatory development period, but remained.

- Do the authors of the project collaborate with scientists in the preparation of the survey methods and so on? With whom?

-Active cooperation with specialist scientists was at the stage of preparing the exhibition. We were helped by employees of Tomsk and Kemerovo State University, specialists from Novosibirsk. In working with respondents, employees of the Altai State Pedagogical University provided significant assistance. It was this school that formed the basis of the compilation of questionnaires, manuals, as well as processing materials.

The main working questionnaire was created as a result of interaction with regular partners - the Seversky Cadet Corps. It is simple and convenient, but, unfortunately, too general - a non -focused biographical interview.

- What do you consider your main success during the creation of the project?

- Perhaps the project only showed this trend, namely: now it became clear to me how important it is for people to tell about their family, to know their roots. People learn about the project, turn to us and willingly help us in the collection of information. It is important for me that in the perception of people, the Siberians and the Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore (Tokm) are already going as two interconnected concepts.

I am very glad that on our website there were stories written very thoroughly, using archival data and - without the slightest participation of TOKM employees. The growth of the author’s audience is evident. The geography is also wide. If in the early years there was a predominantly Tomsk district, now we can say that Asinovsky actively turned on, there are news from Bakcharsky, Pervomaisky, Parabelsky and Kolpashevsky districts.

- How do you see the project in five years?

- More than a thousand oral stories from all 16 regions of the Tomsk region, including remote ones. And so that the share of my materials is no more than 5-10%. The school of oral -historical research organized on the basis of the museum or/and Seversky Cadet Corps. We hope to continue cooperation with the History Faculty of TSU. I think that the museum will have a fund of oral -historical materials, made in compliance with all rules for processing and storing materials.

- From the moment the project received the support of the Potanin Foundation, three years have passed. How much that happened corresponds to your original ideas?

-In my opinion, it turned out quite well. We have made an exhibition and the site, they work, the project is unwinded as a ball, generating subsidiaries, like the Asinovsky “Siberian Voices” (the competition “Cultural Mosaic”, Timchenko Foundation). Permanent partners, such as the Seversky Cadet Corps, have constant ties with the Tomsk State University, the State Archive and the Center for Documentation of the Contemporary History of the Tomsk Region, appear.

We are interested in the media, we are actively working with Radio of Russia. We are known in other cities. They invited to Barnaul, Surgut, Krasnoyarsk - in order to talk about the project, including before scientists and the museum community.

- Did you have difficulties that could not be foreseen? Which? What did you manage to change your project?

- The main difficulty for me is the need not just to collect, process and publish interviews, such as, for example, for a newspaper, but to save them according to the rules for conducting oral -historical research so that subsequent generations can turn to our materials as a full -fledged source. Here I clearly lacked methodological preparation. But acquaintance with researchers from Barnaul contributed to overcoming this drawback.

Did we manage to change something? At least, numerous and fans of history received an excellent platform for publishing and discussing their work. This is a lot. People reached for the museum not only as the venue for intellectual leisure. We see business partners and the methodological center.

- The space where the exhibition is deployed is small. Did you manage to tell everything that you consider important? What are you focusing on?

- Definitely not. So many plots remained outside, went into virtual space, history, virtual projects. We focused on the general outline of events: a person comes who heard something about Stolypin and dispossession and with a set of stereotypes-and receives detailed information, as well as the opportunity to emotionally touch the situation with its risks, disorder, anxiety, and domestic problems.

One change exhibition has already been created - on the history of rural parishes, churches, fate of priests. But only the Russian Orthodox Church was taken. And there were Old Believers, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims ... Even a separate village with their history can become the theme of the exhibition. Now the Seversky cadets are working on the reconstruction of the disappeared village in 3D excursion mode. In order to do this, it was necessary to work in three archives, to interview old -timers. Ahead of the expedition to the place of this village ...

- 365 stories have now been published on the site. Does this amount coincide with your initial forecasts?

I did not build forecasts. In order for our site to be considered as material for researchers, this number of stories are few. But I perfectly understood that in a year, two and even three we would not pick up a desired thousand. But here it is important not quantity, but quality. Content is uneven in quality. There are quite uninformative stories, but we retain them in order to attract people to cooperation. Most materials, in my opinion, are quite full.

- What stories are more - about Siberians free or involuntary?

- There are more stories about free Siberians. Stories of “involuntary” are actively accumulated on another website of our museum - the website of the TOKM department “Investigative Prison of the NKVD”. True, among those stories that I am for the “free”, now and then the information from the series “was dispossessed”. There are even those who in the 1930s managed to get a return to their homeland as victims of "excesses".

- Who are your authors: schoolchildren, writing works, or researchers working in the archives? How is working with them organized, how do you motivate them?

- There are a lot of schoolchildren on the site. One of the options for searching for authors is the work in the jury at school scientific and practical conferences. We willingly publish good work on the topic. But basically, these are adults who are ready to tell their story to a specialist, but he will already write down ... They tell not only Tokm employees. So, for example, from a parabel ( a village in the Tomsk region, the administrative center of the Parabel district. - Approx. Ed. ) We sent good materials to us. The symbiosis of the museum and the school is often found: the museum worker with schoolchildren goes and interviews.

Those whom I listed above as evidence of our little victories can be classified as amateur researchers. These are people with skills in the archive with scientific text. The main incentive for the author is a free publication, he gets access to the reader, he retains copyright to the text and its use.

Often people visit our exhibition and ask: can I tell or place my story? There was very effective cooperation with the circle of local historians of the Siberian Library. The teachers of the childhood and youth of the “cedar” of Tomsk showed interest, but there is more enthusiasm and the opportunity to teach a potential researcher than to make ready -made material. In 2016, an agreement was reached with the administration of the Tomsk Region on a competition for the best family history in the regions of the region. The reference force will be the branches of Tokm in Naryma, Podgornaya, Kolpashevo and Asino.

Another search for authors and respondents is social networks, forums. For example, one very informative group of respondents came to the museum thanks to the Tomsk Internet Veloforum-where did we not expect the result from. But my report on the campaign was published there, and as a result, people called, talked about the history of their family and brought to other respondents.

- Do the museum employees and members of the project team publish their materials on the site?

- Museum employees publish their stories, but not as actively as we would like. I am preparing for the publication the story of mom and grandfather, who lived in Siberia in childhood, but then returned to his homeland, to the Nizhny Novgorod province. The story of the father was used at the exhibition. And to tell the truth - a shoemaker without a boot ...

- Do you know who and how uses the materials of your site (for example, school teachers)?

- According to my impressions, people are looking for their relatives on this site, the history of villages, their own genealogy. Some hope that we will do this work on the search for roots, but we do not have such a task. We still collect information from people. But if you suddenly manage to find any information about these families, we will share it willingly. We are not sorry.

- If you started work now, what would you change?

- We would have more information and experience. The exhibition would be different - more personal, through specific family destinies. The car would be more like the present: the placement of the NAR would have been preserved, proportions ... From the very beginning, they would organize the collection and processing of information differently.

In general, we have a chance to change the exhibition this year. The site http: // Sibiryaki. Online changes smoothly as the experience is developing.

Photo by A. Artamonov

From an interview with Maria Nikolaevna Sukhanova (Kruppa):

“Grandfather was about 1890 born, because their mother was a third child. Grandmother - Skuratovich Arshulya Ivanovna. They had eight children. Grandfather was exiled along with the whole family because he did not join the collective farm. In 1929, they forced everyone to join the collective farm, and his grandfather said this: “The whole farm will enter, I will look, then, maybe I will come.” He was a hard worker, the family was large, everyone worked well, the farm was large, so they were dispossessed.

They were given a day for a day, they took with them some clothes, bread and lard on the road. They were put on a train and to Tomsk they rode by train, then they were brought on a steamer to the Chainsky district, the village of Mineevka. We drove the whole family, only one daughter, Aunt Juzef, was already married, and she remained in Belarus. Then, during the war years, she died from a fragment of a shell right on the porch of her house, and her husband at that time was in the partisans. This village was bombed, and its Nazis burned to the ground. If the grandfather's family had not left for Siberia, then probably everyone would have died there. ”

From the autobiographical poem Evdokia Grigoryevna Pakhomenko “As it was in 1931 ...” (history of dispossession):

Early in the spring of 1929,
The collectivization plan is fulfilling
The choice fell on our landscaped yard,
The estate is very large,
Warm cattle yards, well, beautiful fence.

Shirshov Vlas dispossessed us,
He mocked, laughed as soon as he could:
“All products and things will now be with us,
And you have a lot of roads.
We will bring you far in the fuck of you,
Where did Stalin be referred before
There, where Makar calves are not passing,
So that you also become poor. ”

Father and uncle were sent to the mines on the same days,
Like Decembrists in the old days,
With a pick, an ax and a shovel they worked
They lived in old barracks
They were called the "kulak tribe" ...

And then 1931 came.
Warned that the whole family is evicted,
Our grandfather made us a tent-warrior,
From the scorching sun and rain.

It was necessary to go to the Cheldak and go,
Where our furniture from the house was taken away,
They will tell the road, on the way,
In the village council there will be a family registration.

And these people are not guilty of anything,
That they once worked on the field
Turned out to be completely homeless
They were driven here involuntarily.

In the village council, documents were drawn up for them,
The security is very strict,
They were already called exiles here,
The road has been a long-long road.

Doomed people, horses, carts,
Strictly called everyone by last name,
Children cried, not sleeping,
And the old woman said: "Not far to death."